• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.38 no.4 s.117
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• pp.61-67
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• 2006

The effect of several inorganic flame-retardants such as ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, aluminum hydroxide and antimony trioxide on the flame-retardant property and tensile strength of paper has been investigated. Flame-retardants were used preferably as a dry powdered mixture and added to the furnish. Both dipping and coating treatments were employed to apply flame-retardants to paper Flame-retardant paper was manufactured by treatment of $5{\sim}30%$ flame-retardants by weight of the paper on a dry weight. Paper's flame-retardant property and tensile strength were examined by comparison of char length and tensile index. As dosages of flame-retardant chemicals increased, flame-retardant property was improved but tensile index was decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 1990

(2,3-Dibromopropyl) phenyl lauroyl phosphate[DPPL] was synthesized by adding lauric acid to (2,3-dibromopropyl)chloro phenyl phosphate [DPP]. which prepared from phenyl phosphoric acid dichloride with 2,3-dibromo propyl alcohol. Flame retardants of DPPF and DPPLF were prepared respectively. DPPF was a water soluble flame retardant, and DPPLF was o/w type emulsion flame retardant. After flame retardant treating two kinds of flame retardants to the various synthetic fabrics respectively. the flame retardancy and tear strength were measured. As the results of the measurement. DPPF had only name retardancy, but DPPLF had both of flame retardancy and softness.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4 s.132
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• pp.38-44
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the combustion characteristics of flame retardant treated wood by water-soluble flame retardants which are made from mixture of aqueous solution of monoammonium phosphate, sodium borate and zinc borate. The combustion characteristics for flame retardant treated wood were carried out using thermal analysis (TGA, combustion heat) and flame retardant test (LOI, flame propagation). The results of thermal analysis and flame retardant test are as follows; 1) The sample treated by F4 showed excellent flame retardant effects in almost all of combustion characteristics. 2) From TGA curves, all the samples undergo pyrolysis and oxidation in two main discrete steps. 3) The effect of flame retardant for softwood is higher than those for hardwood, and the combustion heat has decreased with increase of the content of flame retardant. 4) LOI values are almost similar in flame retardant treated wood samples. The range of LOI is from 24 to 30. However, these values are much higher than LOI value of non-treated wood sample. 5) The blended aqueous solution had a final in the range of about pH 8.4, and a slight odor of ammonia.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.251-256
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• 1990

Bis-(p-bromopheny)phosphate(BBPP) , which serves as flame retardant for PET fabric, was synthesized from phenol and phosphorus oxychloride, and from bromine. In order to investigate the flame retardancy of BBPP, PET fabrics were steam-cured with diluted BBPP solution. The following conclusions were drawn : 1. Flame retardancy of PET fabrics treated with BBPP was excellent, and optimal treating condition was 10% concentration of flame retardant at $170^{\circ]C$ 2. Clark softness and tensile strength before and after the laundering of PET fabrics treated with flame retardant remained nearly unchanged.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.577-582
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• 2016

In this study, we compared and analyzed the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of three different rigid polyurethane foams (RPUF) containing noble non-halogen phosphorus flame retardant (BHP-RPUF) or halogen-phosphorus flame retardant (TCPP-RPUF) or no flame retardant material (Pure-RPUF). The noble phosphorus-based flame retardant, bis(3-(3-hydroxypropoxy)propyl) phenyl phosphate (BHP), was synthesized by the reaction between disodium phenyl phosphate and 3-chloro-1-propanol. Through universal testing machine (UTM) experiments, the compressive strength of BHP-RPUF was similar to that of TCPP-RPUF. From the result of foam morphology analysis, it was confirmed that BHP-RPUF has the lowest thermal conductivity of $0.023W/m{\cdot}K$. We also measured the size of air bubbles using reaction velocity and SEM, and analyzed how they affect the thermal conductivity. In addition, the heat-resisting property was investigated through TGA analysis. The limited oxygen index (LOI) test confirmed that BHP had the ability to increase the flame retardancy of RPUF.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.77-84
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• 1998

Two-component polyurethane flame retardant coatings were prepared by blending phosphate-containing modified polyesters(PMPEs) and TDI-adduct. PMPEs were synthesized by polycondensation of dimethyl phenylphosphonate, a flame retardant component, with 1,4-butanediol, adipic acid, and trimethylolpropane. The content of dimethyl phenylphosphonate was varied 10, 15, and 20wt% for the reaction. Various physical properties of these new flame retardant coatings were comparable to non-flame retardant coatings. Coatings with 20wt% dimethyl phenylphosphonate did not burn during the vertical burning test.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.46-56
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• 2009

In order to establish the standard manufacturing condition of PET flame retardant sheets, physicochetnical properties of the samples made by the conventional flame-retardant finishing were systematically investigated, including compatibility among flame retardant agent and finishing auxiliaries, surface property, and wicking property. From this results, the addition of washing and renapping process after the shearing process was required for the more effective in producing PET flame-retardant sheet by the standard finishing. The effect of the modification of the regular flame retardant finishing process was studied by FTIR, TGA, and flame retardancy test.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.30-36
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• 1998

The need for the effective flame retardant finishing for synthetic fiber Is required. This paper is focussed on the analysis of physical properties of nylon 6 fabric treated with tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate(TCEP) in comparision with the untreated fabric. In order to evaluate the flame retardance effect, limiting oxygen index and burn rate were determined. Above 20% add-on of TCEP on nylon 6 fabric, reasonable flame retardancy was observed. Thermal stability of the treated nylon 6 fabric was evaluated by TGA. It seems that TCEP acts via a condensed phase mechanism. Tenacity and moisture regain of the treated fabrics were not changed and washfastness of those was excellent.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.75-80
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• 2013

In this study, the effect of phosphorus flame retardants on the flame retardancy of the rigid polyurethane foam(PUF) was studied. Tetramethylene bis(orthophos-phorylurea)[TBPU] and Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate[TCEP], Tris(2-chloropropyl)phosphate [TCPP], Triethyl phosphate[TEP] were used as flame retardant. It was found that TBPU added PUF exhibits low mean heat release rate(HRR), peak HRR, effective heat of combusion(EHC), mass loss rate (MLR), CO yield and $CO_2$ compared other flame retardants.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.667-672
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• 2004

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics were treated with a silica particle and phosphate flame retardant to determine the optimum process condition of the digital textile printing(DTP) media. The treating conditions for the study were 6 conditions, from F1 to F6, in which F3, F4 and F5 were treated with mixture of both silica particle and phosphate compound in process of pad, dry and cure fixation. F6 was treated with phosphate compound only and silica particle coating successively. Xanthan gum was used to control the migration of liquid phosphate compound onto PET fabrics. The change in surface morphology of fabrics treated with silica particle and phosphate compound was observed by SEM and flame retardance was evaluated by limiting oxygen index(LOI). It was observed that F6 was the excellent flame retardance and low bleeding in printing, Collectively, the printing characteristics of silica to cyan, magenta, yellow and black ink and flame retardance of fabrics finished with phosphate compound were identified in this study.