• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.299-303
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• 1999

Studies were conducted in Mt. Namsan, Seoul, during the summer of 1997 and 1998 using racemic disparlure to determine seasonal occurrence and circadian activity in male gypsy moth, and size of egg mass and wing length of male moth. Male gypsy moths occurred from middle part of July until middle part of August and peaked in late part of July. Circadian activity of male moths initiated from 12: 00h and continued until 21: 00h, and the peak time was between 14: 00h and 17: 00h. Mean number of moths captured per trap in 1997 was larger than that in 1998, however, eggs per mass, egg size and wing length were not significantly different between the two years, 1997 and 1998.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 2015

Striped flea beetle, Phyllotreta striolata (SFB) and turnip sawfly, Athalia rosae ruficornis (TSF) are two economically important sporadic pests in radish fields on Jeju island. The response of adult SFB and TSF to a mixture of aggregation pheromone, (+)-(6R,7S)-himachala-9,11-diene and host plant volatile, allyl isothiocyanate (HAI), as well as to yellow and blue sticky traps was examined in radish fields. Adult SFB was more attracted to the sticky trap with HAI, regardless of the color of the sticky trap; however, adult TSF was more attracted on the yellow sticky trap than blue, and no effect of HAI was observed. The adult SFB and TSF can be effectively monitored using yellow sticky traps placed 10 cm above the plant canopy. SFB and TSF had 3 and 5 peak times in a year, respectively. The first peak occurred in the middle of March for SFB and mid-late of April for TSF. We expect that the results of the present study can facilitate minimizing the damage caused by the two important pests in commercial radish fields.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.437-448
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• 2013

Hemipteran bugs, which were previously considered as secondary pests, have currently become important pests of numerous crops. Among them, Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) is a major species that occurs in Korea, Japan, China, and South Asian countries. Riptortus pedestris infests leguminous crops like soybean, vetches, and red clover; fruit trees like persimmon and yuju; and grains like barley, foxtail millet, broomcorn, and sorghum. Riptortus pedestris causes the greatest damage to soybean, as it is the most suitable host for the bug. Feeding damage during pod formation significantly reduces the yield of soybean. Currently, 17 insecticides, including diazinon and etofenprox, are registered for the control of hemipteran bugs in Korea, and growers apply insecticides two to three times on a regular basis. Aggregation pheromone traps are widely used as a monitoring tool and partial control measure. The aggregation pheromone of R. pedestris attracts conspecific adults and nymphs and is used for food exploitation rather than sexual attraction. In addition, the pheromone serves as a kairomone for egg parasitoids such as Gryon japonicum (Ashmead) and Ooencyrtus nezarae Ishii. As a new method of pest management, nonviable host eggs were included in the pheromone trap to catch R. pedestris and propagate parasitoids. As a part of cultural practices, resistant soybean varieties with specific color and size of pod and control of flowering time through the alteration of planting date can be used. For the effective management of R. pedestris in the near future, development of cultural practices that can support natural control factors and the use of multiple control tactics are needed.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.245-257
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• 2018

The efficacy of different control techniques against the large black chafer, Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), in organic pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) orchards was evaluated. In this study, field trials were conducted in three locations in Korea-Naju, Hampyeong, and Boseong-to evaluate different techniques to suppress these beetles. Pheromone traps, bio-insecticides (Hongmengye and Melchungdaejang), and a combination of the two were applied as treatments. In Naju, Hampyeong, and Boseong, the highest number of adult H. parallela were caught in the control plots (n=45, n=39, and n=20, respectively), while the fewest were caught in the pheromone plus bio-insecticide plot (n=19) in Naju and in the combined treatment plot in Hampyeong (n=10). In Naju, the greatest leaf damage was observed in the control (66%), and in all locations (Naju, Boseong, and Hampyeong), the least damage occurred in the combined treatment plots (42%, 36%, and 24%, respectively). Regarding the tree canopy, the greatest leaf damage was observed in the upper canopy, and less damage was observed in the lower canopy. These results demonstrate that the combination of sex pheromone traps and bio-insecticides can be used to manage H. parallela in organic pear orchards.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2000

Field collections were made from six gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) Populations in Kyonggy and Cheju areas during the period 1987∼1997. Characteristics of gypsy moth populations at different phases were examined in terms of egg mass density, relative larval density, plant damage, and fecundity. Males captured in pheromone trap were recorded, and we examined if there was a relationship between numbers captured and the population density during the following generation. Egg mass density was closely related with larval density, and furthermore these densities were correlated with the level of plant damage, indicating that larval dispersion was limited in oviposition areas. The gypsy moth population cycle was short in Korea with the period from population development to innocuous level usually lasting 2∼3 years. Male caught by pheromone trap (mean number of males caught per trap per day in peak emergence period) was positively correlated with egg mass densities in the following season (r²=0.93). A low fecundity was detected from outbreak populations which accompanied defoliation. Fecundity of gypsy moth ranged from 538 to 601 at other phases.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.165-167
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• 2003

The seasonal occurrence of smaller clearwing moth (Synanthedon tenuis) was monitored with sex pheromone traps in sweet persimmon orchards in Gimhae and Jinju in 1998, 2001, and 2002. Results indicated that it occurred in two generations a year. The first generation of the moth occurred from mid-May to early July, and the second one_from late July to late September, showing the peaks in early June and early to mid-August, respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.333-339
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• 2020

Pheromone-based techniques are becoming a viable strategy of insect pest management as facilitated by the exponential increase in numbers of pheromone identifications from many insect pests. This is the report on the efficacy of pheromone-mediated chemical communication disruption (PCD) technique against the Korean population of smaller clearwing moths, Synanthedon tenuis (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) using its female sex pheromone component, (Z, Z)-3, 13-octadecadien-1-ol. The PCD trials were carried out four times during 2016 and 2017 in persimmon orchards located at Suncheon and Jinju Cities in Korea, and the PCD efficacy was expressed as the mean differences in the seasonal catches of S. tenuis males in the PCD and control plots. The seasonal male moth catches in monitoring traps installed in the PCD plots were significantly lower as compared with those installed in the control plots. Consequently, the PCD efficacy in the experimental orchards ranged from 95.2-100% with an average efficacy of 98.8 ± 1.2%, revealing a future possibility of pheromone-based management of S. tenuis.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2010

Mating disruption (MD) using synthetic sex pheromone lures has been used to control the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), in apple orchards. In Korea, where several small apple orchards are clustered but independently managed, its efficacy has been suspected mainly due to immigration of any mated females from nearby untreated cultivating areas. This study developed an edge treatment technique to decrease any local MD-free zones in a specific MD-treated farm and to trap any immigrating mated females by installing MD lures and food traps around the apple farm with 10 meter intervals. The addition of the edge treatment to the MD significantly prevented leaf and fruit damages induced by G. molesta compared to MD only. Moreover, this study tried to optimize the MD control technique by determining frequency of MD application. It suggests two MD applications with the edge treatment at the end of March and at the early of July to be effective throughout the entire apple growing seasons.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.449-459
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• 2012

Fruit borers such as Grapholita molesta, G. dimorpha and Carposina sasakii are major pests of plum in Korea. Population densities and seasonal occurrence were monitored using the synthetic sex pheromone trap in Uiseong and Gyeongsan, two important major plum growing area in Korea. In 2010 and 2011, adults of G. molesta were caught from mid April with the peak of late April, and then undergone three more generations in Gyeongsan. Grapholita dimorpha appeared from late April and they showed three peaks until late September. Both Grapholita species occurred a few days later in Uiseong than in Gyeongsan where the latitude is $1^{\circ}$ lower. There was no difference of the phenological occurrence of C. sasakii between Gyeongsan and Uiseong, showing the same patterns of two or three peaks. Population size was in order of G. molesta, G. dimorpha and C. sasakii with 63:16:20 and 47:35:18 in Gyeongsan and 51:18:31 and 46:13:36 in Uiseong, in 2010 and 2011 respectively. There was no difference between the numbers of Grapholita species caught in the trap installed inside and outside of the orchards.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1445-1449
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• 2015

The pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) poses a serious threat to pine forests in Europe and East Asia, leading to a debilitating pine wilt disease. Infected pine trees in Korea are generally fumigated or crushed to small wood chips after felling. Although pine wilt disease often recurs in pest management sites, there are no adequate means to monitor the effectiveness of pest control measures in those sites. Recently, a male-produced aggregation pheromone, 2-(undecyloxy)ethanol, was shown to be useful for attracting several Monochamus species, which are vectors for the pinewood nematodes. In this study, we investigated the abilities of 2-(undecyloxy)ethanol at three different doses (175, 350, and 700 mg), as well as host plant volatiles (α-pinene and ethanol), to attract M. alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) at a pine forest in Pohang, Korea where infected pine trees had been cut down and fumigated. Twenty-seven M. alternatus were captured in cross-vane panel traps made of polyethylene terephthalate bottles and acrylic sheets. The results indicate that a high dose of 2-(undecyloxy)ethanol (700 mg per trap) is the most effective for attracting M. alternatus. The aggregation pheromone could be used to monitor the effectiveness of pest control measures as well as M. alternatus populations.