• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2021

The number of single-parent families in South Korea increased since 2000, related to a sharp rise in the divorce rate of 50s and an increase in male mortality rates among those aged 40s-50s. Middle-aged single mothers experience a critical period realizing self-actualization needs, while being in the middle adulthood from the lifespan developmental perspective. In this respect, it is significant to study self-actualization of middle-aged single mothers through guided imagery and music (GIM) in order to provide them with psychological support. This study was conducted from September 2018 to June 2020, and the GIM sessions were conducted at least 10 times. Four participants were selected among the middle-aged single mothers. The imagery experiences of participants in the GIM sessions were classified into four sub-elements: physicalness, emotion, memory, and sense. Within those sub-elements, eight semantic units were categorized into 46 elements. Finally, 152 semantic units were derived. Moreover, the self-actualization which participants experienced through GIM presented three archetypal images: shadow, persona, and the self. In the GIM sessions, experiences of putting their negative emotions associated with family into words and changing passive self-imagery into active one enabled participants to bring the shadow into their consciousness, there by recognizing their positive and bright internal self. Furthermore, participants could map that their current status as people marginalized by siblings and parents, enraged and holding double standards for others, was suppressed by their 'good daughter' and 'religious' personas. This realization lead them to realize and restore their persona. The use of GIM in the study allowed participants to elicit re-experiences of the negative events, while experiencing various imagery and music. This process helped participants achieve self-actualization.

• 지역과문화
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-21
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• 2020

Living culture emphasizes cultural activities in daily life based on local characteristics, and aims to integrate art with daily life to communicate with others through activities of local residents. In this process, the values that individuals and society should have, are evoked and restored. In order to understand the context and processes in which the values of the living culture are expressed as local culture, we analyzed the case of 'Gosaek Nongak(community band music, dance and rituals in Korea) conservation association' in Suwon area and tried to diagnose how art and daily life are integrated and restoring community life in the actual field. For this purpose, phenomenological research was conducted through literature review participatory observation, and in-depth interviews to categorize the social impacts of living culture activities and public support due to individual, community, and local influences. We found that public support for living culture led to increased artistic development and human interaction in the community, and that individuals who are thus empowered to seek artistic experience and actively interact with other people, emerge as vital subjects and practitioners of culture and arts in their local community. Furthermore, we found that the activities of living culture facilitated the formation of local identity for members and local residents. Through living culture activities, members and local residents became more aware of being members of the community and found value and meaning in participating in daily life and cultural activities.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.9-14
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• 2021

The purpose is a qualitative study to explore the self-consciousness of nursing students regarding the abolition of the abortion law using media. The participants of this study were 20 students who were first-year students at a university in M city, Gyeongsangbuk-do, and had strong awareness about the abolition of the abortion law. Data collection was done through self-reports within 72 hours of watching the video on life phenomena. The collected data were analyzed using Krippendorff's phenomenological method. As a result of analyzing the experiences related to the abolition of the abortion of abortion it was derived into 16 meaningful statements in 3 categories and 9 topics. Three categories were derived from 'disregarded dignity', ambiguity of boundaries, and 'reeducation in sex education'. As a result of this study, it was confirmed that the abolition of the abortion law in nursing colleges had opportunities for women's reproductive health promotion and women's human rights, and various social participation attitudes as nursing students. It is expected to be used as a useful basic data for student life counseling in the future, and it is expected to be used as a basic data for the development of reproductive health promotion education.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.451-473
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• 2017

This study explores the aftermath of state violence and the meaning of its healing by analyzing testimony therapy designed to deal with trauma of the victims of May 18 democratization movement("May 18"). In order to have a point of view that May 18 had catastrophic impacts on many individuals and communities and to observe the after-effects of such event to individuals' lives, this study analyzed the contents of testimony therapy sessions of four people who were tortured, arrested and detained after their participating in May 18 in 1980. The experiences of those participants with their testimony therapy and the interactions they had with the audience during the sessions made sure what are the key factors to healing the trauma from state violence. Nineteen topics were drawn from analyzing the statements made in the therapy process, and out of them, seven subjects below were chosen as the most significant; 'repetitive pain', 'social and economic damage', 'isolation and disconnection', 'transition of suffering to other generations', and 'Safety', 'healing through connections', 'obligation as a survivor'. Based on its findings, this study also examined the characteristics of trauma caused by state violence and made suggestions for healing such trauma.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.249-277
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• 2019

This study examined the involuntary retirement of executives in conglomerates based on Williams' need-threat temporal model of ostracism(2009), which explains the psychology of individuals facing social exclusion in the stages of reflexive, reflective and resignation. In-depth interviews were conducted on 15 retirees from conglomerates, and their contents were used for phenomenological method of analysis. As a result, in the reflexive stage of need-threat temporal model of ostracism, they experienced cognitive panic and emotional panic immediately following retirement. Due to an unexpected shocking experience of retirement notice, they experienced cognitive numbness first, and repressed the following negative feelings cognitively to hide them. In the reflective stage, retirees dream of 'a complete restoration to their best performance in the past', but as such expectation fails, they don't adjust to the reality more due to 'unrealistic thought', 'self-deception', and 'shift responsibility'. In resignation stage, a long-term failure to satisfy the desire led them to experience a sense of defeat and helplessness. Such results were reviewed and compared to Williams' need-threat temporal model of ostracism, and the implications of such result on the nation, companies and retirees in terms of the response to retirement.

• 한국노년학
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.673-689
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• 2011

It is a qualitative study based on a focus group with an aim to figure out elderly people's experiences in health inequality in vulnerable health zones in agriculture and fisheries areas. Of eups, myeons and dongs selected as 40 vulnerable areas where standardized death rates had continued to be high from 2004 to 2007 in 20 counties and cities in Gyeongsang-do, 15 agriculture and fisheries areas were randomly chosen to extract 8 to 10 elderly people. Explanations were given to study subjects, and 7 to 8 people who agreed to take part in the study joined a regional focus group. Contents of interviews were analyzed with a phenomenological method by Colaizzi (1978) in order to accurately describe pertinent phenomena. The study has found four categories including ecological environmental problems, insufficient services for local community & harmful environmental problems, worsening economic conditions and insufficient health care management in terms of health behavior.

• The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.679-704
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to have a phenomenological understanding of the experiences in the marital relationship after the first baby is born. For this purpose, thirteen couples (marriage duration of less than five years; within three years of the child birth) were recruited and semi-structured interviews were conducted. The interview data were analyzed through the open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. In the next step, we derived the marital relationship paradigm after the first baby arrived. The causal/situational conditions that caused changes in the marital relationship were the parenting burden and the marital adjustment level. The central phenomena were parenting and housework burden, which were moderated by the husbands' support. The action/interaction strategies were couple's high awareness and acceptance for their new role and pursuit of the shared meaning of the family. When the strategies were successful, a deeply satisfying feeling and shared values could be obtained. Finally, we identified the core category to integrate of other categories into a conceptual framework, and that is 'the awareness and acceptance for their new role and the pursuit of a sense of We-ness'.

• Korean Association for Visual Culture
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• v.35
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• pp.5-33
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• 2019

This paper examines the problems of the concept of 'analogon' which occupies an important place in Jean-Paul Sartre's theory of imagination and his 'aesthetic of the unreal', focusing on Michel Dufrenne's objection to the concept. In the Imaginary (1940), Sartre offers a phenomenological account of the imaginative experience and his theory of imagination provides the basis for his account of experience of art. Sartre distinguishes the imagining consciousness from the realizing consciousness of perception. The work of art, for Sartre, is transformed into an irreal thing ("The work of art is irreality."), i.e. it appears only as aesthetic object, and only under the condition that the spectator's consciousness changes into an imagining consciousness. Some claim that Sartre underemphasizes the function of materiality in artworks. Mikel Dufrenne, in his The Phenomenology of Aesthetic Experience (1953), criticizes Sartre's thesis of irreality. Dufrenne argues that the aesthetic object is the work of art accomplished by aesthetic perception, the meaning of the aesthetic object is given as a whole in the sensuous and does not refer to something that lies outside the object as with imagination or irreality. An affective a priori is the condition of possibility for the occurrence of aesthetic experience.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.19-44
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• 2013

The present study aimed at investigating how Korean housekeeper in midlife revaluate their lives. For this purpose, 14 housekeepers whose youngest child was at least older than high school students were interviewed in a semi-structured retrospective method. The interview was focused on relational, psychological, and economical aspects of the participants before and after marriage each. The interview usually continued one and a half to two hours. The phenomenological method describing personal meaning of experiences was referred to for data analyses by transforming retrospective life story of participants into key meaningful units. According to main retrospective contents of each stage of development, the participants' childhood and adolescence was characterized by familial circumstances, formation of personality and value, and career choice. Main themes of their early adulthood were spouse selection and marriage, marital adaptation, and family relationships. Their midlife focused on children, economic and emotional stability, family relationships, acceptance of their spouse and themselves, and health and religion. Life styles of the participants were analyzed in terms of turning events, meanings of current life, and cumulative effects of life events. These findings were discussed in terms of developmental pattern in relation to the established theory of development.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.221-250
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to find out the causes of turnover, the causes of stay, and the effects of turnover of college graduates with early careers, based on the concept of job embeddedness and their stances. For this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 college graduates with early careers and the interviews were analyzed with phenomenological analytic research. The result of the study shows that the cause of turnover intention includes fit and link which are components of job embeddedness. More specifically, turnover intention of the interviewee is affected by fit which includes whether their ability and talent are used properly and whether their vision and culture fit well those of their organization, also affected by link which includes the formal or informal mutual relationship with coworkers and superiors. Stay intention, on the other hand, includes fit which contains satisfaction about work and organization, long-term career management. Stay intention also includes sacrifice which are anxiety about uncertain future and satisfaction about being employed. As an aspect of the effect of turnover, the satisfaction and fulfillment about work which are experienced after turnover by the interviewees and the satisfaction about coworkers and the team in which the interviewees are included offset the negative effect of turnover. The result also shows that organization should consider their workers' satisfaction about the first work, their amicable relationship, and turnover cost, to improve working and living standard of colleges graduates with early careers and to prevent them from turnover.