• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.548-553
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• 2009

Qualitative properties- polyphenol compounds(total phenolics, anthocyanin, flavonoids, tannins), color parameters and antioxidant activities- of wild grape wine having different aging periods were studied. The contents of total phenolics and anthocyanin decreased significantly in accordance with aging terms(p<0.05). The total phenolics and anthocyanin of the oldest wine(WG3) represented only 43% and 45% of it's related compound in the wine aged for one year(WG1), respectively. The contents and the degree of polymerization of tannins, including condensed tannins, also decreased but not showed statistically significant. However, The contents of flavonoids of the 2 year old wine(WG2) decreased significantly related to that of WG1, remaining, then, almost constant at that levels during aging. The L* values, b(yellow) values and the hue (hab) values were increased in long aged wines(WG2, WG3), while the intensity of color(CI) and, the a(red) parameter value decreased. The antiradical activity of wild grape wines was shown to be high(87 EDA%) in WG1. The corresponding coefficient of tannin concentrations with antiradical activity($r^2$=0.9189) suggests that the tannin content may be strongly related to the antioxidant properties of wild grape wines.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2008

Pepper plants (Capsicum annuum, cv. Manitta) were subjected to different intensities of UV-B radiation to understand alterations of primary- and secondary-metabolism such as carbohydrates, phenolic compounds and polyamines. UV-B doses with a UV-B lamp ($1.2W\;m^{-2}$) were adjusted between 0 to 9 hr. The soluble sugars and starch contents in pepper leaves were highly influenced by UV-B treatment. The soluble sugars altered from $6.7mg\;g^{-1}\;fw$ to $5.2mg\;g^{-1}\;fw$ after 9 hrs of UV-B exposure. The starch contents after 3 hrs of UV-B exposure changed from $17.7mg\;g^{-1}\;fw$ to $12.3mg\;g^{-1}\;fw$ and then remained unchanged. The absorbance of UV-absorbing compounds reached initially maximum at all wavelengths read. On the basis of this result, we analyzed total phenolics, anthocyanin and simple free phenolic acids. Anthocyanin and free phenolic acids responded sensitively with a steady increase during UV-B treatment, although anthocyanin contents declined highly after 3 hrs of treatment. Whereas, there is no alteration of total phenolics (as gallic acid equivalent) caused by UV-B. Free polyamine levels in leaves increased rapidly and highly when UV-B was treated. The most prominent changes in polyamine induction were putrescine and spermidine (+ 70 %) after 3 hrs and spermine (+ 150 %) after 6 hrs.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.380-384
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• 2002

This study has been carried out to investigate the composition of fatty Acids, organic acids, minerals, vitamin C, total phenolics and saponin in 30$\^{C}$ hot air dried powder of main and lateral root of Acorus calamus L. Major saturated fatty acids were identified caprylic acid, pentadecanoic acid, stearic acid and heneicosanoic acid, etc.. Content of caprylic acid in main and lateral root were 28.35% and 31.44%. Unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, palmitoeic acid and linoleic acid was highly contented, linoleic acid was highest contented 25.55% in main root and 23.43% in lateral root. Succinic acid was the most abundant organic acid of root content of main and lateral root were 2,790 mg% and 2,630 mg%. Potassium was found to be the mon predominant mineral in root, followed by calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, in a order. Contents of potassium in main and lateral root account for 194 mg% and 454 mg%, respectively. Contents of these minerals in lateral root were higher value than that in main root. Contents of ascorbic acid and total phenolics were 113.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g and 463 mg％ in main root, 125.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g and 474 mg% in lateral root, respectively. Crude saponin content of main and lateral mot were high level amount, 2.51 ％ and 3.39 %.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.665-671
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• 2012

The effects of pretreatment by pulsed electric fields (PEFs) on the juice expression characteristics of the Malus pumila fruit were investigated. Fresh fruits were divided into quarters, were produced on a laboratory scale (100 g apples per lot) by pretreatment with electric fields at two different field intensities (1, 2 kV/cm; n=50, 100, 200, and 400 pulses), and were then pressed at room temperature. Relative to the control samples, the juice yield increased with increasing field intensities. The total phenolics and antioxidant activity were higher in the juice from the PEF-treated fruit than in the juice from the untreated fruit. There was no significant difference in soluble-solid and reducing sugar contents between the PEF-treated and untreated fruits. These results suggest that PEF pretreatment may be useful for increasing the juice yield, total phenolics, and antioxidant activity of the Malus pumila fruit.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2014

We established a high throughput screening system of African yam tuber lines which contain high contents of total carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds using ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in combination with multivariate analysis. The total carotenoids contents from 62 African yam tubers varied from 0.01 to $0.91{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$ dry weight (wt). The total flavonoids and phenolic compounds also varied from 12.9 to $229{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$ and from 0.29 to $5.2mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$dry wt. FT-IR spectra confirmed typical spectral differences between the frequency regions of 1,700-1,500, 1,500-1,300 and $1,100-950cm^{-1}$, respectively. These spectral regions were reflecting the quantitative and qualitative variations of amide I, II from amino acids and proteins ($1,700-1,500cm^{-1}$), phosphodiester groups from nucleic acid and phospholipid ($1,500-1,300cm^{-1}$) and carbohydrate compounds ($1,100-950cm^{-1}$). Principal component analysis (PCA) and subsequent partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were able to discriminate the 62 African yam tuber lines into three separate clusters corresponding to their taxonomic relationship. The quantitative prediction modeling of total carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds from African yam tuber lines were established using partial least square regression algorithm from FT-IR spectra. The regression coefficients ($R^2$) between predicted values and estimated values of total carotenoids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds were 0.83, 0.86, and 0.72, respectively. These results showed that quantitative predictions of total carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds were possible from FT-IR spectra of African yam tuber lines with higher accuracy. Therefore we suggested that quantitative prediction system established in this study could be applied as a rapid selection tool for high yielding African yam lines.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 한국작물학회 2018년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.188-188
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• 2018

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.608-612
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• 2008

In Korea and China, cherry elaeagnus (Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb.) has been used traditionally to treat cough, diarrhea, itching, and foul sores. Therefore, in this study, the ethanol and water extracts of cherry elaeagnus leaves were examined for their antioxidant activities. The ethanol extract of the cherry elaeagnus leaves contained more phenolics than the water extract. All the cherry elaeagnus leaf extracts had higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability than ascorbic acid at concentrations of $250-1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$. The ethanol extract also showed higher superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity compared to the water extract. Furthermore, the SOD-like activity of the ethanol extract amounted to 89% of that of ascorbic acid at a concentration of $500\;{\mu}g/mL$. The nitrite scavenging ability and xanthine oxidase inhibitory (XOI) activity of the ethanol extract were higher than those of the water extract. In particular, the ethanol extract had higher XOI activity than ascorbic acid at a concentration of $1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.342-346
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• 2001

The physiological changes in sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) leaves infected with Drechslera sorghicola were investigated through five recognizable stages of disease development. Water-soaked yellowish brown spots developed two days after inoculation, turned brown with yellow halo, enlarged and coalesced at later stages of disease development. Healthy and infected leaves were analyzed for different biochemical constituents. The chlorophyll contents were decreased significantly with the progress of infection. The levels of reducing and total sugars increased while non-reducing sugars decreased to a significant extent with the progress of disease. The concentration of total phenolics, orthodihydroxy phenols, free and glycosidic phenols showed significant changes due to infection, whereas basic and acid phenols showed little or no change with disease development. Levels of phenolic compounds increased four days after inoculation and decrease thereafter, but the concentration was higher at every stage of disease development relative to healthy tissues. Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase enzyme activities increased to varying degrees at different stages of infection. Analysis of protein fractions showed a significant increase with the progress of disease.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.769-775
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• 2012

Among the phenolic compounds that is generally present in strawberry fruits, five simple phenolics, three flavonoids, and a stilbene were tested for their antimicrobial activity against seven fungi and one oomycete. trans-Cinnamic acid showed strong antimicrobial activity, and the antimicrobial effect of the simple phenolics decreased with an increase in the number of hydroxyl groups. Phytophthora capsici was the most susceptible to the phenolic compounds tested in this study. trans-Cinnamic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and kaempferol were mainly detected in 'Seolhyang' strawberry fruits, and the total phenolic contents of the fruits decreased during their development. Extracts of the green (1-10% red color) and red (above 90% red color) strawberry fruits reduced the mycelial growth and zoospore germination rate of P. capsici, and the extract of red strawberry fruit showed strong antimicrobial activity against the zoospore germination of P. capsici. These results indicate that strawberry fruits contain antimicrobial phenolic compounds and that strawberry fruit extract can be used as a natural fungistat.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.112-119
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• 2007

Effects of Oplopanax elatus have known to various pharmaceutical therapies. However, chemical prosperities in the plant are rarely investigated. In order to detect biological activity, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of five fractions from methanolic extracts in each part of O. elatus. Also, contents of polyphenols and polysaccharides were measured. Five fractions were of sub-fractions using n-hexane, ethyl-acetate, n-butanol, and water from methanolic extracts. Ethylacetate and n-butanol fractions from stem and root exhibited strong antioxidant activity and high total phenolics content. On the HPLC analysis, ten free phenolics, including p-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-cou maric acid, ferulic acid, naringin, hesperidin, quercetin and trans-cinnamic acid, were identified from the fractions and were shown to different quantitative proportions. Furthermore, ethylacetate and n-butanol fraction had the highest amount of chlorogenic acids, one of the cinnamic acid derivatives possessing pharmacological properties. These results indicated that the fractions of O. elatus, as well as methanolic extracts, could be used as natural antioxidative ingredients.