• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.797-806
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• 2000

본 연구는 탄소원으로서 페놀과 공동기질로서 글루코스를 합유한 인공합성폐수를 만들어 실험실 규모의 UASB(Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) - PBR(Packed Bed Reactor) 공정을 운전하면서 페놀의 유일한 탄소원으로서의 이용특성과 공동기질로서 글루코스를 주입한 경우의 이용특성, 미생물의 활성도 및 질소의 동시제거 가능성에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 실험결과 페놀올 유일한 탄소원으로 주입한 경우 페놀유입농도 600 mg/L에서도 페놀제거율 99% 이상, SCOD 2100 mg/L 농도에서 제거율 93% 이상을 보였다. 조내 미생물의 량은(VSS) 약 20 g이었고 이때 미생물의 활성도는 $0.112g\;phenol/g\;VSS{\cdot}d$이었고 SCOD 제거율은 $0.351g\;SCOD/g\;VSS{\cdot}d$이며 가스발생율은 $0.115L/g\;VSS{\cdot}d$, 메탄가스의 함유율은 70%로 나타났다. 공동기질로 페놀파 글루코스를 주입한 경우 페놀유입농도 760 mg/L하에서 페놀제거율 98% 이상, SCOD 4300 mg/L 농도에서 제거율 90% 이상을 보였다. 조내 미생물의 량은(VSS) 약 20 g이었고 이때 미생물의 활성도는 $0.135g\;phenol/g\;VSS{\cdot}d$이었고 SCOD 제거율은 $0.696g\;SCOD/g\;VSS{\cdot}d$이며 가스발생율은 $0.257L/g\;VSS{\cdot}d$. 메탄가스의 함유율은 70%로 나타났다. 회분실험결과 페놀농도 1600 mg/L 이상의 농도에서 활성의 저해를 받았으며 메탄화반응과 탈질반응이 동시에 일어나는 것으로 관찰되었다. 질산화는 수리학적 체류시간 24시간으로 하여 암모니아성 질소 $0.038kg\;NH_4-N/m^3-media{\cdot}d$ 부하조건과 유입수내 페놀농도 10~12 mg/L, SCOD 200~500 mg/L 조건하에서 저해를 받지 않고 90% 이상의 질산화율을 보였고 페놀의 제거효율은 98% 이상을 보였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2009

Oxidation of phenol in aqueous media by electro-Fenton process using Ru-Sn-Sb/graphite electrode has been studied. Hydrogen peroxide was electrically generated by reaction of dissolved oxygen in acidic solutions containing supporting electrolyte and $Fe^{2+}$ was added in aqueous media. Phenol degradation experiments were performed in the presence of electrolyte media at pH 3. Effect of operating parameters such as current, electrolyte type (NaCl, KCl and $Na_2SO_4$) and concentration, $Fe^{2+}$ concentration, air flow rate and phenol concentration were investigated to find the best experimental conditions for achieving overall phenol removal. Results showed that current of 2 A, NaCl electrolyte concentration of 2g/l, 0.5M concentration of $Fe^{2+}$, air flow rate of 1l/min were the best conditions for mineralization of the phenol by electro-Fenton.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2000

본 연구는 인위적인 공기공급이 토양내에 존재하는 페놀화합물들의 분해효과에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 실시하였다. 페놀화합물들로는 페놀, 2,4-DCP, 그리고 PCP를 선정하였다. 실험에 사용된 토양은 sandy loam이었으며 모든 실험은 $25^{\circ}C$ 항온에서 실시하였다. 수분함량은 토양미생물 활성에 적합하도록 15%로 하였다. 공기공급에 의하여 휘발되는 페놀화합물들은 메틸렌클로라이드 용매를 통과시킨 후 배출하였다. 페놀화합물들은 개별화합물로 토양에 오염시켰으며 시너지효과 등은 고려하지 않았다. 공기공급은 페놀의 제거속도를 향상시켰으나 2,4-DCP, 그리고 PCP의 경우에는 뚜렷한 제거효율 증가를 볼 수 없었다. 약 30일간 공기공급시 페놀의 휘발량은 초기 토양에 오염시킨 페놀량의 약 0.3%로 무시할 정도로 작았다. 각 화합물의 반응속도를 0차반응과 1차반응에 적용시킨 결과 1차반응 모델이 더 적합하였다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2000

Recently, our circumstances are threatened by an accident that leakage of under ground storage tank and illegal dumping of synthetic organic compounds at chemical plants and many treatment methods, Activated carbon adsorption, Ozonization, Membrane filtration and Photocatalystic oxidation, are developed to remove such a synthetic organic compounds. And it has reported that Activated carbon adsorption have a great removal efficiency to nondegradable matters and organic compounds which have a high molecular weight. Comparing with other adsorbents, Activated carbon adsorption have a worse efficiency when ad desorption speed is low. Thus improved type of adsorbents was invented and one of those is Activated Carbon Filter. The purpose of this study was getting information about adsorption characteristic phenol which can be applied Activated Carbon Fiber and Granular Activated Carbon. In detail, With comparing removal characteristics of phenol in the presence Humic Acid using Activated Carbon Fiber(ACF) and Granular Activated. Carbon(GAC), it is to certify an effective application of Activated Carbon Fiber. At the range of this study, Batch test, Isotherm adsorption test and Factorial analysis, following conclusion were obtained from the results of this study. Batch test was carried to know time of adsorption equilibrium. In this study about time of adsorption equilibrium by ACF was faster than GAC's, for developed micropore of ACF. From the result of phenol adsorption test, High removal rate of adsorption is shown at pH 5. The result of lsotherm adsorption test, it has represented that the Freundlich's isotherm is most suitable one in others, that a ACF's adsorption capacity is more excellent than GAC's. Adsorption of phenol exiting humic acid is decreased getting raised humic acid concentration. Since ACF's micropore is developed at this time, an effect of high molecular humic acid is lower. Factorial analysis was carried to know about Main effect which was injection dosage of adsorbent in the range of this study.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.12-19
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• 1995

The objectives of this research prograln were to study the ozonation characteristics of phenol contaminated wastewater in the continuous packed column reactor (PCR) and the bubble column reactor (BCR) using ozone that has a strong oxidizing potential, and to provide the fundamentals of ozonizing the phenol contaminated wastewater. Among various influencing factors on phenol decomposition through the oxidation by ozone, phenol/ozone mde ratio was chosen as reaction parameters. Concerning the phenol/ozone mde ratio, as the influent phenol concentration increased from 30 mg/l to 150 mg/l, the phenol removal efficiency decreased from 99% for 30 mg/l to 83.7% for 150 mg/l, in PCR. PCR also showed higher treatment efficiency than BCR by 1% for 30 mg/l and 2.2% for 150 mg/l, respectively. The ozone utilization efficiency of PCR for the phenol concentration 30 mg/l was higher than that of BCR while the efficiency of both reactors was 99.9% for the phenol concentration of 150 mg/l.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.59-63
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• 1996

To treat certain wastewater that has alcohol and phenol, we performed the ozone electrolysis by using the titanium electrode. In this experiment, we examined decomposition voltage of organics, time for electrolysis, and removal efficiency of organics. In addition we compared the ozone oxidation electrolysis. The followings are results; 1. When it comes to the alcohol treatment in wastewater, ozone electrolysis showed higher removal efficiency than ozone oxidation or electrolysis. 2. After comparing the decomposition rate of methylalcohol, ethylalcohol, and prophylalcohol in ozone electrolysis, we knew the fact that increasing carbon number made the decomposition rate slow. 3. According to the treatment of alcohol by ozone electrolysis, decomposition voltage was 50V, time for electrolysis was three hours, and treatment acidity was neutral (pH 6.5 - 8.1). 4. Ozone electrolysis was effective to the phenol treatment. When we treated phenol by using ozone electrolysis for three hours, TOC treatment efficiency was 95%. However, ozone oxidation just showed 45% treatment efficiency.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.15-18
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• 2001

Sorption/desorption studies were conducted to determine sorption/desorption characteristics of phenolic compounds (phenol and 4-chlorophenol) in organically modified natural bentonite. The cationic exchange capacity (CEC) of bentonite was exchanged with a cationic surfactant, hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA), to enhance the removal capacity of organic phenol contaminants dissolved in aqueous solution. This modification produces a change of the surface property of bentonite from hydrophilic to organophilic. The single-solute and bi-solute competitive adsorptions were performed In batch mode to investigate the removal of two toxic organic Phenols, chlorophenol and 4-chlorophenol on the HDTMA-bentonite. The adsorption affinity of the 4-chlorophenol was higher than phenol due to higher octanol:water partition coefficient (Kow). The single-solute and bi-solute competitive desorptions were also performed investigate the competitive desorption of the phenolic compounds from HDTMA-bentonite. Freundlich model was used to analyze the single-solute adsorption/desorption results, while the IAST model predicted the hi-solute adsorption/desorption equilibria. The IAST model well predicted hi-solute competitive adsorption/desorption behaviors.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.185-185
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• 2009

Polypropylene beads (PP) coated with $TiO_2$ thin films were prepared by a rotating cylindrical plasma chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) reactor and were used to remove phenol in aqueous solution. The $TiO_2$ thin films of 416 nm thickness were coated on the PP particles uniformly. As the number of $TiO_2$-coated PP beads increases, the phenol is degraded faster, because of larger total surface area of photocatalysts for photodegradation. This study shows that a rotating cylindrical PCVD reactor can be a good method to prepare the particles coated with high-quality $TiO_2$ thin films, which can be applied to the pollutant removal by a photodegradation reaction of $TiO_2$ with high efficiency.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2014

오존-활성탄 복합공정에 의한 페놀제거 특성과 그에 미치는 운전변수의 영향에 관해 회분식 실험을 통하여 동력학적 연구를 수행하였다. 활성탄은 오존의 자가분해를 촉진시켜 $OH{\cdot}$ 발생시키므로 페놀분해 속도를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 활성탄의 투입량이 증가함에 따라 페놀분해 반응의 유사 일차반응 속도상수가 증가하고 페놀제거의 반감기가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 수용액의 pH 증가는 수산화이온이 개시하는 오존분해의 연쇄반응에 의해 $OH{\cdot}$를 생성시키므로 페놀분해 속도를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 페놀의 완전산화 지표인 총유기탄소(TOC) 제거효율은 활성탄을 투입할 때 투입하지 않은 조건보다 약 3.2배 높은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.490-495
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• 2012

오존/활성탄 공정을 이용하여 페놀을 처리 할 경우, 활성탄에 의해 나타나는 촉매효과에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 오존 단독공정에 활성탄을 추가할 경우, 활성탄 투입량이 증가할수록 용존 오존 및 페놀의 분해효율이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 활성탄에 의해서 용존 오존이 분해되어 생성된 수산화 라디칼이 페놀 제거에 영향을 미쳤으며, 본 연구에서는 활성탄의 촉매효과([$\Delta$phenol] / $[{\Delta}O_{3}]_{AC}$)로 나타내었다. 활성탄 10~40 g/L 투입 시, 모든 활성탄의 최대 촉매효과 값은 $2.0\;{\pm}\;0.1$로 나타났지만, 10 g/L와 20 g/L를 투입한 경우, 40 min 경과 후 최대 촉매효과에 근접한 반면, 활성탄 30 g/L와 40 g/L를 투입한 경우, 반응 20 min 경과 후 최대 촉매효과에 도달하였다. 또한 Total Organic Carbon (TOC, 총유기탄소)의 제거율은 오존 단독공정에서 0.23으로 나타났으며, 오존/활성탄 공정에서는 0.63으로 나타났다.