• BMB Reports
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.299-304
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• 2001

The 3-Deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase is the first enzyme of aromatic amino acid-, folic acid-, and phenazine-1-carboxylic acid biosynthetic pathways. DAHP synthase of Bacillus sp. B-6 that produces phenazine-1-carboxylic acid was feedback inhibited by two intermediary metabolites of aromatic amino acid biosynthetic pathways, prephenate and chorismate, but not by other metabolites, such as anthranilic acid, shikimic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. DAHP synthase of Bacillus sp. B-6 was not inhibited by end products, such as aromatic amino acids, folic acid, and phenazine-1-carboxylic acid. The inhibition of DAHP synthase by prephenate and chorismate was non-competitive with respect to erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate. Prephenate and chorismate inhibited 50% of the DAHP synthase activity at concentrations of $2{\times}10^{-5}\;M$ and $1.2{\times}10^{-4}\;M$, respectively The synthesis of DAHP synthase of Bacillus sp. B-6 was not repressed by exogenous aromatic amino acids, folic acid, and phenazine 1-carboxylic acid, single or in combinations.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.86-90
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• 2005

Strain M-18 was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of sweet melon, using 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) as a sole nitrogen source. Its phenotypic characteristics, metabolic tests, and 16S rDNA sequence were analyzed. The antibiotics secreted by strain M-18 were determined to be phenazine 1-carboxylic acid and pyoluteorin. These data showed that strain M-18 was a new fluorescent Pseudomonas strain that produced both phenazine 1-carboxylic acid and pyoluteorin, some features being similar to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Therefore, the strain M-18 appears to be the first pseudomonad described to date that is capable of producing both phenazine 1-carboxylic acid and pyoluteorin.

• BMB Reports
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.332-336
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• 2000

Phenazine 1-carboxylic acid (PCA) is an antifungal antibiotic isolated from a culture filtrate of Bacillus sp. B-6 producing an acyl CoA synthetase inhibitor. This antibiotic is reported as an inhibitor of an acyl CoA synthetase from Pseudomonas sp.. Bacillus sp. B-6 was resistant to PCA up to 350 ${\mu}g/ml$. We investigated the mechanism of the resistance of Bacillus sp. B-6 to PCA. The rate of growth in a medium containing up to 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ was as rapid as the PCA-free medium. At a PCA concentration of 300 ${\mu}g/ml$, the growth rate was more than half that of the control. In this work, we purified acyl CoA synthetase from Bacillus sp. B-6 and found that this acyl CoA synthetase was much less sensitive to PCA than the acyl CoA synthetase from other source. These findings suggested that the insensitivity of Bacillus sp. B-6 acyl CoA synthetase plays an important role in the PCA resistance of this bacterium.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2000년도 춘계총회 및 학술대회
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• pp.156.1-156.1
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• 2000

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.109.1-109
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• 2003

From the PMMV (pepper mild mottle virus)-inducible ESTs differentially expressed in Capsicum chinense PI257284, we isolated a full-length cDNA (CcPHZF： Capsicum chinense phenazine), encoding a phenazine biosynthesis protein which catalyzes the hydroxylation of phenozine-1-carboxylic acid to 2-hydroxyphenazine-1-carboxylic acid. Phenazine compound has been known to exhibit broad-spectrum of antibiotic activity against various species of bacteria and fungus. The entire region of CcPHZF is 879 bp in length and the open reading frame predicted a polypeptide of 292 amino acids. The homolog of CcPHZF is not Present in database except clones of AC004044 and NM100203 from Arabidopsis with 58 and 59％, respectively. Genomic Southern analysis indicated that the pepper genome contains a single copy of CcPHZF. The CcPHZF was strongly induced in the pepper leaves 3 days after PMMV treatment, when HR occurs on the leaf surface. Characterization of CcPHZF is underway to investigate if the CcPHZF is related to disease resistance against pathogens.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.342-347
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• 2004

경남 지역의 근권 토양 및 식물뿌리 에서 다양한 길항세균을 분리하여 오이 탄저병원균 Colletotrichum orbiculare에 대한 길항효과를 조사하였다. 그중 국화과에 속하는 털진득찰 (Siegesbeckia pubescens Makino)뿌리에서 분리된 YC4963 균주가 병원균의 균사 생장에 대한 억제 능력이 가장 우수하였으며, 배양 상등액을 이용한 in vitro 실험에서도 C. orbiculare의 발아관 형성과 균사 생장을 억제하였다. 이 균은 Gram음성과 양성세균에 대 해서도 억제 능력이 있었으며, Botrytis cinerea, Fusalium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani 등의 다양한 식물병원균에 대해서도 억제 능력이 좋았다. 이 균주의 형태, 생리$\cdot$화학적 특성과 분자생물학적 특성을 조사한 결과 Pseudomonas aurantiaca로 동정되었다. 이 길항 세균이 분비하는 항생물질의 구조결정을 위하여 대량 배양 후 물질 분리와 여러 종류의 크로마토그래피를 수행하였다. 분리 정제하여 얻은 순수 물질은 노란색 바늘 모양의 결정체이었고, 질량 분석, FT-IR spectrum분석 및 NMP spectrum 분석을 바탕으로 구조를 추정한 결과 phenazine-1-carboxylic acid로 확인되었다. 이 항생물질의 활성을 조사하기 위하여 농도를 달리하여 C. orbiculare의 발아관 및 부착기 형성을 조사한 결과, 처리 18시간 후 발아관 생장은 103 ${\mu}m$로 대조구의 798 ${\mu}m$보다 8배 정도 억제되었으나 발아관과 부착기 형성비율은 큰 차이가 없었다. P. aurantiaca에 의한 phenazine-1-carboxylic acid의 생산과 이 항생물질에 의한 탄저병군의 억제효과는 본 연구에서 처음 보고되는 것이다.$생산 유전자가 전달되는 것을 확인하였다. Random amplified polymorphic DNA와 pulsed field gel electrophoresis분석을 사용하여 genomic DNA에 대한 유전형을 분석한 결과 균주간의 유전적 연관성은 매우 낮은 것으로 나타나 한 병원에서 발견되는 균주는 clonal spread에 의한 것이라는 일반적인 보고와 다른 결과를 얻었다., 체외순환을 시작한 이후부터는 2군에서 지속적으로 더 높은 경향이 있었으며(1군 $48.5\~64$ mL/min100 g, 2군 $65.8\~88.3$ mL/min/100 g), 특히 30분에서의 측정값은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(1군$47.5{\pm}18.3\;mL/min100\;g,$ 2군$83.4{\pm}28.5\;mL/min100\;g,\;p=0.026$). 혈액 뇨질산, 크레아티닌, 그리고 혈장 용혈헤모글로빈의 변화는 두 군간에 차이가 없었다. 결론: 일정한 펌프 혈류 조건에서 박동성 혈류의 평균 혈압이 더 높다는 것은, 비박동성 혈류보다 조직관류압(Tissue Perfusion Pressure) 측면에서 우수하여 말초장기의 조직관류 효과에 유리한 요인이라고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구를 토대로 장시간의 체외순환에서는 신장기능을 대표하는 수치들에도 영향을 미칠 수 있으리라 예상되며, 신장 이외에 다른 주요 장기에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구를 더 진행할 필요가 있을 것으로 생각한다.예측 인자가 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.있을 것으로 판단된다.%$의 무기물질(Zeolite)이 첨가되어진 Modified California putting green system이 최적의 putting green 조건과 우수한 Bentgrass 잔디품질을 4년 동안 유지하였음을 이 실험을 통해 조사되어졌다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.44-58
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• 2018

Pseudomonas chlororaphis 30-84 is a biological control agent selected for its ability to suppress diseases caused by fungal pathogens. P. chlororaphis 30-84 produces three phenazines: phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), 2-hydroxy-phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (2OHPCA) and a small amount of 2-hydroxy-phenazine (2OHPHZ), and these are required for fungal pathogen inhibition and wheat rhizosphere competence. The two, 2-hydroxy derivatives are produced from PCA via the activity of a phenazine-modifying enzyme encoded by phzO. In addition to the seven biosynthetic genes responsible for the production of PCA, many other Pseudomonas strains possess one or more modifying genes, which encode enzymes that act independently or together to convert PCA into other phenazine derivatives. In order to understand the fitness effects of producing different phenazines, we constructed isogenic derivatives of P. chlororaphis 30-84 that differed only in the type of phenazines produced. Altering the type of phenazines produced by P. chlororaphis 30-84 enhanced the spectrum of fungal pathogens inhibited and altered the degree of take-all disease suppression. These strains also differed in their ability to promote extracellular DNA release, which may contribute to the observed differences in the amount of biofilm produced. All derivatives were equally important for survival over repeated plant/harvest cycles, indicating that the type of phenazines produced is less important for persistence in the wheat rhizosphere than whether or not cells produce phenazines. These findings provide a better understanding of the effects of different phenazines on functions important for biological control activity with implications for applications that rely on introduced or native phenazine producing populations.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.98-103
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• 1995

During the screening of antifungal antibiotics from microbial metabolites, we selected Pseudomonas aeruginosa KGM-100 showing powerful antagonistic activity against various phytopathogenic fungi. Antibiotics KGM-100A and KGM-100B were purified from the culture broth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa KGM-100 by diaion HP-20 column chromatography, ethyl acetate extraction, silica gel column chromatography, preparative TLC and recrystallization. KGM-100A which was recrystallized in MeOH showed antimicrobial activities against a broad spectrum of fungi and bacteria. Physico-chemical properties of KGM-100A were determined and identified to be phenazine-l-carboxylic acid by UV, IR, $^{1}$H-NMR, $^{13}$C-NMR, mass spectrum, and elemental analyses.

• 약학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.552-557
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• 1998

Acyl CoA synthetase inhibitor, was purified from the culture broth of a Bacillus sp. B-6, which had been isolated from soil, by chloroform extract, silica gel column chro matography and preparative TLC. The purified acyl CoA synthetase inhibitor showed higher Antifungal activity against C. al-bicans (MIC: 8${\mu}$g/ml). Though the analysis of UV spectrum, melting point, IR spectrum, Mass-spectrum, $^1H$-NMR and $^{13}C$-NMR spectrum, the inhibitor could be identified as phenazine-l-carboxylic acid.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.351-361
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• 2019

In our previous study, pyrrolnitrin produced in Pseudomonas chlororaphis G05 plays more critical role in suppression of mycelial growth of some fungal pathogens that cause plant diseases in agriculture. Although some regulators for pyrrolnitrin biosynthesis were identified, the pyrrolnitrin regulation pathway was not fully constructed. During our screening novel regulator candidates, we obtained a white conjugant G05W02 while transposon mutagenesis was carried out between a fusion mutant $G05{\Delta}phz{\Delta}prn::lacZ$ and E. coli S17-1 (pUT/mini-Tn5Kan). By cloning and sequencing of the transposon-flanking DNA fragment, we found that a vfr gene in the conjugant G05W02 was disrupted with mini-Tn5Kan. In one other previous study on P. fluorescens, however, it was reported that the deletion of the vfr caused increased production of pyrrolnitrin and other antifungal metabolites. To confirm its regulatory function, we constructed the vfr-knockout mutant $G05{\Delta}vfr$ and $G05{\Delta}phz{\Delta}prn::lacZ{\Delta}vfr$. By quantifying ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activities, we found that deletion of the vfr decreased the prn operon expression dramatically. Meanwhile, by quantifying pyrrolnitrin production in the mutant $G05{\Delta}vfr$, we found that deficiency of the Vfr caused decreased pyrrolnitrin production. However, production of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid was same to that in the wild-type strain G05. Taken together, Vfr is required for pyrrolnitrin but not for phenazine-1-carboxylic acid biosynthesis in P. chlororaphis G05.