• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.2E
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• pp.55-63
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• 2010

High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is a noninvasive surgical method mainly targeting deeply located cancer tissue. Ultrasound is generated from an extemally located transducer and the beam is focused at the target volume, so that selective damage can be achieved without harm to overlying or surrounding tissues. The mechanism for cell killing can be combination of thermal and cavitational damage. Although cavitation can be an effective means of tissue destruction, the possibility of massive hemorrhage and the unpredictable nature of cavitational events prevent clinical application of cavitation. Hence, thermal damage has been a main focus related to HIFU research. 2D phased array transducer systems allow electronic scanning of focus, multi-foci, and anti-focus with multi-foci, so that HIFU becomes more applicable in clinical use. Currently, lack of noninvasive monitoring means of HIFU is the main factor to limit clinical applications, but development in MRI and Ultrasound Imaging techniques may be able to provide solutions to overcome this problem. With the development of advanced focusing algorithm and monitoring means, complete noninvasive surgery is expected to be implemented in the near future.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.93-96
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• 2011

Single-phased $CaZrO_3:Dy^{3+}$, $Tm^{3+}$ series have been successfully synthesized by solid-state reaction, and their luminescence properties were investigated. Under 355 nm excitation, $CaZrO_3:Dy^{3+}$ series showed characteristic emission of $Dy^{3+}$, which exhibited yellowish white color. By introducing $Tm^{3+}$ into the matrix, the emitted hue of the $Dy^{3+}$-doped sample could be easily tailored to white, and simultaneously, energy transfer from $Tm^{3+}$ to $Dy^{3+}$ was observed. The color coordinates of the optimum white-emitting sample were (0.321, 0.323), which were very close to the data of the National Television Standard Committee (0.33, 0.33). The co-activated phosphors presented good match to ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which revealed that they could be novel promising phosphors utilized in white LED application.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.265-276
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• 2019

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) whose phenotype belongs to a craniofacial vulnerability are referred from sleep doctors to orthodontists. In adults, for osseo-pharyngeal reconstruction (OPR) treatment, permanent maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) surgery and use of a temporary mandibular advancement device (MAD) are applied. This case report demonstrates successful treatment of OSA through application of phased MAD and MMA in a 16-year-old male with craniofacial deformity and residual growth potential. This patient showed skeletal and dentoalveolar changes after 7-year MAD use throughout post-adolescence, which affected the design and timing of subsequent MMA surgery, as well as post-surgical orthodontic strategy. This case report suggests that OPR treatment can be useful for treatment of OSA in post-adolescent patients, from an orthodontic point of view, in close collaboration with sleep doctors for interdisciplinary diagnosis and treatment.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.153-158
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• 2022

This study aimed to identify the phytochemical constituents of Lactuca serriola leaves and perform quantitative analysis of the methanol (MeOH) extract of L. serriola, L. indica, L. raddeana, L. sativa, and L. triangulata. Six compounds were isolated from the MeOH extracts of L. serriola using open column chromatography and identified as protocatechuic acid (1), caffeic acid (2), cynaroside (3), apigenin 7-glucuronide (4), luteolin (5), and apigenin (6) using ¹H-, ¹³C-nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry. Quantitative analysis of the six compounds was performed on the MeOH extract of Lactuca species using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and an ultraviolet (UV). A reverse-phased column was used, and the UV absorbance was set to 280 nm. The contents of compounds 2 and 3 were the highest (1.58 and 2.64 mg/g ext., respectively) in L. serriola extracts. However, compounds 4 and 6 were higher (1.46 and 0.40 mg/g ext., respectively) in L. triangulata. These results provide quantitative data for the application of Lactuca species in the pharmaceutical and functional food industries.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.294-298
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• 2003

Recently, Design-build project as delivery system public construction sector tends to be increased according to the Masterplan for promotion of construction technologies, and construction projects are increasing their complexity, variety and scale. And owner's requirements become various. Preliminary design for design eligibility judging of design-build has been designed excessively to get a good point and this tendency includes the elements which is capable of wasting the budget. Because of excessive design, owners require to apply VE study into the design development phase but in the Design-build system, VE application has not been of no effect that owners expect, owing to the characters of lum-sum contracts. The purpose of this study is to propose the plan for effective application of VE in the design development phase in order to solve the problems such as excessive design of preliminary design in the design-build project. This study established plans for VE application through investigating and analyzing VE application case and then proposed the applications in the aspect of regulations and contracts, parties participated in project, VE operation through research for verification of usefulness.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.55 no.8
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• pp.392-398
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• 2006

The properties of tunable dielectric materials on RF frequency band are important high tunability and low loss for RF variable devices, variable capacitor, phased array antenna and other components application. Various composite of BST(barium strontium titanate) ratio combined with other non-electrical active oxide ceramics have been formulated for such uses. We present the tunable properties and Curie temperature on BST thick films. The grain growth of the weight ratio of $BaTiO_3$ increased. This can be explained by the substitute $Sr^{2+}$ ion for $Ba^{2+}$ ion in the $BaTiO_3$ system. The Curie temperature was shifted to lower temperature with increasing $SrTiO_3$in the $BaTiO_3-SrTiO_3$ system, because of decreasing the lattice constant. Also, the dielectric constant, tunability and K-factor of $(Ba_xSr_{1-x})TiO_3$ at over the Curie temperature decreased, at over the $60^{\circ}C$ fixation, maximum dielectric constant at Curie temperature and hence sharper phase transformation occurred at Curie temperature. The result were interpreted as a process of internal stress relaxation resulting form the increase of $90^{\circ}$ domains induced the BST. As a result, It is concluded that over the Curie temperature, frequency response and DC field effect for the tunable properties of BST thick film are suppressed by the transition broadening. For the application of tunable devices, that the curie temperature was investigated to be increased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.115-115
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• 1997

A new capsaicin analog modified with 4-hydroxyl and alkyl chain of capsaicin was a very potent antiinflammatory analgesic drug and may be clinically useful for those who have rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic neuropathy and cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate histopathology after short and long term application of poloxamer-based gels, and percutaneous absorption of various topical formulations. Poloxamer-based gel was prepared by cold method using poloxamer 407. The poloxamer gels was applied to dorsal sites of hairless mouse skin during one week or one month for the evaluation of skin irritation. The applied site was then sectioned for histopathologic examination. The topical formulations were also prepared using CMC, HPMC, MC, carbopol and glycerylmono stearate. Skin variation of poloxamer gels was studied using excised hairless mouse, rat, hamster and human penis skin. Franz-type diffusion cells were used far skin penetration of drug against receptor phase filled with about 10$m\ell$ of 0.9% saline solution kept at 32$^{\circ}C$. The concentration of drug was determined by the reverse phased C18, Symmetry HPLC with fluorometeric detector. No skin erythema was observed after dorsal application of poloxamer-based gels for one week or one month. No histopathologic changes was also examined, suggesting no skin toxicity of poloxamer-based gels. The order of flux rate was HPMC > MC ( CMC > poloxamer >> glycerylmono stearate ( carbopol. There was a skin variation of poloxamer gels. The flux rate of poloxamer gels was highest in case of hairless mouse followed by rat, human and hamster skin. The Partial support-Ministry of Science and Engineering (HAN project).

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.699-727
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• 2012

Conditions of farm crop switching are affected by several important external factors such as agricultural products import opening, policy support, and climate change. Farming environment is always changing; barriers to imports are becoming lower and lower because of FTA and others, and climate change affects a boundary line of cultivation. Those situations give farmers motivation to change crops in order to cope with them. In addition, crop switching has been done in response to the local government measures about purchase of local agricultural products according to the local food and the expansion of organic agricultural products in school meal. Even though the favorable environment toward crop switching has been created, there are not many researches or outcomes regarding crop switching. Only few studies focus on the list of decision-making in crop switching, and locally suitable crop selection is not treated. In order to utilize crop switching as a farm management strategy, the proper frame should be studied and practical researches on application possibility also need. Therefore, study on crop switching is in a timely, proactive manner because farms catch the chance of expansion of school meal by changing crops. This paper applies HERO model used for venture foundation process to crop switching process. Success factors of HERO model are comprised of Habitate, Entrepreneurship, Resource, and Opportunity, and these phased application factors are applied to crop switching process. By doing so, each phase success factor of crop switching can be uncovered. Three farm organizations supplying organic agricultural products to schools are studied in Gyeonggi province. As a result, the stabilization stage cannot be achieved because of the habitate conditions and social conditions with low risk bearing of crop switching and current school meal systems are the main problems to block the diversification of risks. In order to succeed in crop switching, constructing the habitate in local districts or in systems of school meal is more effective than supporting each farm.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.13-20
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• 2012

The recent advances in digital technology allow the use of BIM for integratively managing various information pertaining to an architectural structure. This can be the suitable tool for effectively utilizing the various requests of both the users and the administrators from the planning phase. In particular, planning and constructing a school facility can be challenging because it is an important learning facility where the students are required follow a set schedule. Accommodating to the various needs and requests of the users and the other related parties in the progress can be very difficult. Therefore, in order to use the BIM with the basis of data to manage the lifetime of the school facility, it is necessary to develop the specialized BIM process customized to the school facilities. Using this as the base, the BIM process specifically for school facilities should be phased in, applied, and expanded. The objective of this study is to define the scope of application and to plan for the efficient utilization of the BIM process specialized for school facilities, when conducting the project from planning phase to design development phase through the series of processes. Unlike the presently used enhancement of the visible minute details of the models, the methods to enhance the quality of information contained inside the model will be proposed. Also, the user will participate in the school facility construction. The realistic BIM application is aimed through the research for the processes for building models that will be utilized for construction and management.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2012

SQL Injection techniques disclosed web hacking years passed, but these are classified the most dangerous attac ks. Recent web programming data for efficient storage and retrieval using a DBMS is essential. Mainly PHP, JSP, A SP, and scripting language used to interact with the DBMS. In this web environments application does not validate the client's invalid entry may cause abnormal SQL query. These unusual queries to bypass user authentication or da ta that is stored in the database can be exposed. SQL Injection vulnerability environment, an attacker can pass the web-based authentication using username and password and data stored in the database. Measures against SQL Inj ection on has been announced as a number of methods. But if you rely on any one method of many security hole ca n occur. The proposal of four levels leverage is composed with the source code, operational phases, database, server management side and the user input validation. This is a way to apply the measures in terms of why the accident preventive steps for creating a phased step-by-step response nodel, through the process of management measures, if applied, there is the possibility of SQL Injection attacks can be.