• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.406-413
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• 1991

Ductile cast iron(DCI) with a multi-phase(ferrite-bainite-martensite) structures was produced by various special heat treatment. Intercritical heat treatment(I. C.), intermediate heat treatment(I. M.) and step quenching(S. Q.) were used to strengthen and toughen the fracture initiation sites such as graphite-marix interfaces and eutectic cell boundaries in DCI. The purpose of this study was to investigate of DCI by the special heat treatment. (I. C., I. M., and S. Q.) At a result, bainite nucleation rate at higher temperature was higher than that of at lower temperature, and shapes of bainite and martensite became bar /spheroidal type with increase of isothermal transformation time.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 1993

Calcia stabilized zirconia polycrystal (Ca-TZP) powders synthesized by hydrothermal treatment was sintered at a temperature range of $1200^{\circ}C~1400^{\circ}C$ and investigated the properties of sintered body and the behaviors of isothermal phase transformation. The sintered bodies of Ca-TZP were shown the density of about 97% and the average mean tetragonal grain size of about $0.1~0.25{\mu}m$. Also, Ca-TZP specimen was more stable during aging at $250^{\circ}C$ than that of Y-TZP ceramics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.99-100
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• 2023

In this study, an approach has been made to understand the effect of encapsulation thickness of the nanoencapsulated PCMs on the phase transition kinetics. Paraffin is encapsulated by silica via single pot polycondensation reaction. Different ratios of silica precursor are chosen to encapsulate paraffin. The obtained encapsulated PCMs are identified as nano sized, as well as with increasing silica precursor, thicker silica encapsulations have been manifested with shrinking core diameter. The synthesized PCMs are characterized using various characterization techniques. Isochronal kinetic studies are done in differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) to understand about their phase transformation behaviors. This study can appreciate the cognition of the large-scale applications of PCMs into the building constructions as well as the fundamental conception on the phase transition kinetics of PCMs can also be amended.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.540-544
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• 2002

Hydration treatments were performed on the pure aluminum substrate at $100^{\circ}C$ followed by anodizing and heat treatments on the layers. The transformation behaviors of the oxide layers according to the hydration treatment were studied using TEM, XRD, RBS etc. Above $90^{\circ}C$ the hydrous oxide film could be formed, which were turned out to be hydrous oxides(AlOOH $nH_2$O). The anodization on the hydrous oxide film was more effective for the transition of amorphous anodic oxides to the crystalline $\Upsilon-Al_2$ $O_3$ comparing with the case for anodizing on the aluminum substrate without hydration treatment And additional heat treatments were also helpful for the acceleration of the transformation of the hydrous oxide to $\Upsilon-Al_2$ $O_3$. During the heat treatment the interface between $\Upsilon-Al_2$ $O_3$and the hydrous oxide layers migrated to the outer side of hydrous layer.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.301-305
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• 2012

In this work the mechanical behaviors of GaN nanowires are analyzed during tension, compression, and unloading deformations. The thermal conductivity of the nanowires at each deformed state is evaluated using an equilibrium Green-Kubo approach. Under tensile loading, the [0001]-oriented nanowires with hexagonal cross-sections undergo a phase transformation from wurtzite to a tetragonal structure. The phase transformation is not observed under compressive loading. The thermal conductivity decreases on going from compressive strains to tensile strains. The strain dependence of the thermal conductivity results from the relaxation time of phonon. A reverse transformation from the tetragonal structure to the wurtzite structure is observed during unloading. The thermal conductivities in the intermediate states are lower than the conductivity in the wurtzite structure at same strain. Such differences in the thermal conductivity between different atomic structures are mainly due to changes in the group velocity of phonon.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-54
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• 2017

Shape-memory alloys (SMA) have interesting behaviors and important mechanical properties due to the solid-solid phase transformation. These phenomena are dominated by the evolution of microstructures. In recent years, the microstructures in SMAs have been studied extensively and modeled using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. However, it remains difficult to identify the crystal variants in the simulation results, which consist of large numbers of atoms. In the present work, a method is developed to identify the austenite phase and the monoclinic martensite crystal variants in MD results. The transformation matrix of each lattice is calculated to determine the corresponding crystal variant. Evolution of the volume fraction of the crystal variants and the microstructure in Ni-Ti SMAs under thermal and mechanical boundary conditions are examined. The method is validated by comparing MD-simulated interface normals with theoretical solutions. In addition, the results show that, in certain cases, the interatomic potential used in the current study leads to inconsistent monoclinic lattices compared with crystallographic theory. Thus, a specific modification is applied and the applicability of the potential is discussed.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.435-446
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• 2023

Corrosion behaviors of laser-welded super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) tubes after exposure to an actual power plant environment for one year and those of fin-tube welded SDSS were evaluated. Results showed that corrosion damage on the back side of the SDSS tube in the direction of hot air was higher than that on the front side regardless of weldment location. However, corrosion damage showed no difference between weldment and base metal due to recovery of phase fraction in the weldment through post weld heat treatment (PWHT). Nevertheless, the SDSS tube showed severe corrosion damage along grain boundary due to surface phase transformation (δ → γ) and Cr₂N precipitation caused by PWHT with a high N₂ atmosphere. Corrosion resistance of the SDSS tube was recovered when degraded surface was removed. Corrosion sensitivity of a fin-tube increased significantly due to pre-existing crevice, unbalanced phase fraction, and σ phase precipitation adjacent to the fusion line. Although corrosion resistance was improved by recovered phase fraction and sufficient dissolution of σ phase during PWHT, corrosion reaction was concentrated at the pre-existing crevice. These results suggest that welding conditions for fin-tube steel should be optimized to improve corrosion resistance by removing pre-existing crevice in the weldment.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 1994

Al2O3-ZrO2(ZTA) composites were fabricated by a surface-induced coating of the precursor for the ZrO2 phase on the kinetically stable colloid particles of Al2O3. The fabricated composites were characterized by a uniform spatial distribution of the dispersed ZrO2 phase and by the absence of large ZrO2 grains throughout the Al2O3 matrix. The fracture toughness (KIC) and the bending strength of ZTA composites sintered at 1$600^{\circ}C$, respectively, were 5.6 MPa.m1/2 (for 20 wt% ZrO2) and 600 MPa (for 15wt% ZrO2). The fraction of tetragonal ZrO2 phase decreases as the total content of ZrO2, suggesting that both the stress-induced tlongrightarrowm transformation and the microcrack nucleation contribute to the toughening of the ZTA composites fabricated by the surface-induced coating.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.320-329
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• 1992

In 2Y-TZP powders calcined at temperature range of 80$0^{\circ}C$0 to 150$0^{\circ}C$, the effect of stabilization and the transformability of tetragonal phase on the tetragonal to monoclinic transformation have been investigated. The transformability of tetragonal phase in calcined powders shows maximum at the calcination temperature of 130$0^{\circ}C$. This result is explained by a combined effect of the increase of particle size and of constrained force among the particles with increasing the calcination temperature. The amount of transformed monoclinic phase with calcination temperature after quenching in liquid nitrogen, stress induction and isothermal aging at 25$0^{\circ}C$is also explained by the transformability of tetragonal phase determined by the sum of particle size effect and constraint effect.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.73-78
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• 2020

To use a tailing obtained from coal beneficiation as a raw material for glass material, the behaviors of phase transformation of the tailing was investigated according to sintered temperature with the addition of Na2CO3. As a result of the experiment, mullite was formed at 700~1,100 ℃, and the mullite and the cristobalite just only existed at 1,450 ℃. The glassification ratio of the coal tailing was to be 97.9 wt.% at 1,450 ℃ with the addition of Na2CO3 to tailing weight ratios of 10 wt.%. However, in the case of sample of coal tailing with 20 wt.% Na2CO3 added, nepheline(Na2O·Al2O3·2SiO2) was produced during the re-sintering(2nd sintering) at 1,100 ℃. From the results, the suitable addition amount of Na2CO3 for glassification of coal tailing was found around 10 wt.%.