• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.156-172
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• 2007

The high-tech industry is the economic lifeline for Taiwan. Its characteristics are short product life cycle, rapid changes in the market, and a high obsolescence rate for new products. Under globalization, the high-tech industry has adopted Information Technology (IT) to shorten the manufacturing process, reduce costs and conduct product research and development (R&D) to increase the core competence of enterprises and achieve the goal of sustainable operations. Enterprises should actively strengthen their integration with internal and external resources and lead in R&D management to increase industrial operating performance. Effectively managing operations and R&D management evaluation in Taiwan's High-tech Industry has become a critical subject. This study adopted 4 major Balanced Scorecard (BSC) perspectives to establish the Total Performance Evaluation Indicators for the R&D management department in Taiwan's High-tech Industry. The Analytic Network Process (ANP) was applied to evaluate the overall performance of the R&D management department. The research framework is divided into 2 phases. The first phase is combined with the 4 major perspectives, Financial, Customer, Internal Business Process and Learning and Growth, as the related indicators for each measurement perspective. The Key Performance Indicators (KPI) were selected using Factor Analysis to identify the key factor from the complicated indicators. The relationship between the characteristics of each BSC's evaluation perspective is dependence and feedback. This study applied ANP to conduct the calculation and adjustment of correlation between each KPI, and determine on their relative weights for the objective KPI. The "Financial Perspective" for R&D management department in Taiwan's High-tech Industry focused on the budget achievement rate of R&D management. The weight indicator value is (0.05863). The "Customer Perspective" focused on problem-solving satisfaction. The weight value of this indicator is (0.17549). The "Internal Business Process Perspective" focused on the quantity and quality of R&D. The weight value of this indicator is (0.13506). The "Learning and Growth Perspective" focused on improving competence in the research personnel's professional techniques. The weight value of this indicator is (0.02789). From the total weighting indicators, the order of the Performance Indicators for the R&D management department in Taiwan's High-tech Industry is: (1) Customer Perspective; (2) Internal Business Process Perspective; (3) Financial Perspective; and (4) Learning and Growth Perspective.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.225-237
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• 2018

The difficulties of satellite vibration testing are due to the commonly expressed qualification requirements being incompatible with the limited performance of the entire controlled system (satellite + interface + shaker + controller). Two features cause the problem: firstly, the main satellite modes (i.e., the first structural mode and the high and low tank modes) are very weakly damped; secondly, the controller is just too basic to achieve the expected performance in such cases. The combination of these two issues results in oscillations around the notching levels and high amplitude beating immediately after the mode. The beating overshoots are a major risk source because they can result in the test being aborted if the qualification upper limit is exceeded. Although the abort is, in itself, a safety measure protecting the tested satellite, it increases the risk of structural fatigue, firstly because the abort threshold has been already reached, and secondly, because the test must restart at the same close-resonance frequency and remain there until the qualification level is reached and the sweep frequency can continue. The beat minimum relates only to small successive frequency ranges in which the qualification level is not reached. Although they are less problematic because they do not cause an inadvertent test shutdown, such situations inevitably result in waiver requests from the client. A controlled-system analysis indicates an operating principle that cannot provide sufficient stability: the drive calculation (which controls the process) simply multiplies the frequency reference (usually called cola) and a function of the following setpoint, the ratio between the amplitude already reached and the previous setpoint, and the compression factor. This function value changes at each cola interval, but it never takes into account the sensor signal phase. Because of these limitations, we firstly examined whether it was possible to empirically determine, using a series of tests with a very simple dummy, a controller setting process that significantly improves the results. As the attempt failed, we have performed simulations seeking an optimum adjustment by finding the Least Mean Square of the difference between the reference and response signal. The simulations showed a significant improvement during the notch beat and a small reduction in the beat amplitude. However, the small improvement in this process was not useful because it highlighted the need to change the reference at each cola interval, sometimes with instructions almost twice the qualification level. Another uncertainty regarding the consequences of such an approach involves the impact of differences between the estimated model (used in the simulation) and the actual system. As limitations in the current controller were identified in different approaches, we considered the feasibility of a new controller that takes into account an estimated single-input multi-output (SIMO) model. Its parameters were estimated from a very low-level throughput. Against this backdrop, we analyzed the feasibility of an LQG control in cancelling beating, and this article highlights the relevance of such an approach.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.733-753
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• 1994

Monthly mean sea levels from 103 tidal stations in Korea, Japan, and Russia are analyzed to study long-period sea level variations. Barometric adjustment are done for all the sea level data, using monthly air pressures at sea levels from meteorological stations near tidal stations. Seasonal variation is dominant in most of study area. It is the largest in the coasts along the Tsushima Current, and the smallest in the Russian coasts. The cross-correlations of seasonal variations are very high between the coasts along the Tsushima Current. In these marginal seas, seasonal variations seem to be related with the Tsushima Current. The phase of seasonal variations is generally getting late from south to north, and also from west to east. On the other hand, longer-period variations(longer than seasonal variation) have the largest amplitudes and the earliest phases in the coasts along the Pacific Ocean, which shows that they propagate from the Pacific Ocean. Shorter-period variations (shorter than seasonal variation) have generally lower cross correlations. Their values do not show any dictinct difference between areas, and show a common tendency that they are inversely proportional to distance. It implies that the shorter period waves are generated all over the study areas, and propagate in all the directions with faster dissipations. The trends of sea levels in the study area are generally negative in the coasts along the Pacific Ocean and positive in the other areas during the period of 1965 to 1985. By the trends, the mean volume transport between Cheju and Sasebo can be reduced by about 1 Sv during the period. The seasonal variation of volume transport obtained by sea level difference is about 2 Sv in the Korea Strait. The values are comparable to previous reports.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.223-228
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• 2006

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and fluorescence derivatization were applied for a trace-level N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) analysis of water samples. Fluorescence intensity was optimized with the excitation wavelength of 340 nm and the emission wavelength of 530 nm. pH adjustment after denitrosation was necessary to get a maximum intensity at pH between 9 and 12. Maximum intensity was found with a dansyl chloride concentration of 330 to 500 mg/L. Percentile error in the water sample analyses through solid phase extraction was 12-162% and 6-23% for the lower concentration level(10-200 ng/L NDMA) and the higher level(100-1000 ng/L NDMA), respectively, showing more discrepancy in lower level. However, the average ratios of estimated NDMA to the standard NDMA were close to 1 for both concentration ranges, presenting this HPLC method could detect from tens to hundreds nanograms NDMA per liter. Accurate determination of NDMA, which was injected to a wastewater effluent, revealed the selectivity of fluorescence derivatization for the target compound(NDMA) in the presence of complex interfering compounds. The HPLC with fluorescence derivatization may be applicable for determining NDMA of water and wastewater samples fur various research purposes.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2016

Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) has officially announced 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) derivatization - high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods for analysis of formaldehyde. This study was conducted to develop a convenient derivatization method for cosmetics by improving complex pre-treatment procedures included in KFDA method. To simplify pre-treatment procedures of KFDA method, reaction conditions including pH, time and temperature were optimized. This pre-treatment method does not require complicate pre-treatment steps of KFDA method such as pH adjustment of test solution with acetate buffer (pH 5.0), solvent-solvent partitioning with dichloromethane and concentrating procedure with vacuum evaporator. Formaldehyde-dinitrophenylhydrazone (formaldehyde-DNP) product produced by derivatization reaction was separated and quantified with a reversed-phase HPLC, which was slightly modified with KFDA method. The linearity test showed good results with 0.9999 of correlation coefficient ($r^2$) in the range of 2 ~ 40 ppm of standard solutions. In this method, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) values for formaldehyde were 0.2 ppm and 0.5 ppm, respectively. In addition, recovery test demonstrated that the method was also accurate and reproducible. Therefore, the proposed method can be applicable to rapid analysis of formaldehyde in cosmetics.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.940-947
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• 2017

Goat milk has a protein composition similar to that of breast milk and contains abundant nutrients, but its use in functional foods is rather limited in comparison to milk from other sources. The aim of this study was to prepare a goat A2 ${\beta}$-casein fraction with improved digestibility and hypoallergenic properties. We investigated the optimal conditions for the separation of A2 ${\beta}$-casein fraction from goat milk by pH adjustment to pH 4.4 and treating the casein suspension with calcium chloride (0.05 M for 1 h at $25^{\circ}C$). Selective reduction of ${\beta}$- lactoglobulin and ${\alpha}_s$-casein was confirmed using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The hypoallergenic property of A2 ${\beta}$-casein fraction was examined by measuring the release of histamine and tumor necrosis factor alpha from HMC-1 human mast cells exposed to different proteins, including A2 ${\beta}$-casein fraction. There was no significant difference in levels of both indicators between A2 ${\beta}$-casein treatment and the control (no protein treatment). The A2 ${\beta}$-casein fraction is abundant in essential amino acids, especially, branched-chain amino acids (leucine, valine, and isoleucine). The physicochemical properties of A2 ${\beta}$-casein fraction, including protein solubility and viscosity, are similar to those of bovine whole casein which is widely used as a protein source in various foods. Therefore, the goat A2 ${\beta}$-casein fraction may be useful as a food material with good digestibility and hypoallergenic properties for infants, the elderly, and people with metabolic disorders.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.10C
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• pp.1032-1041
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• 2007

The global navigation satellite system (GNSS), which is the core technique for the location based service, adopts the direct sequence/spread spectrum (DS/SS) as its modulation method. The success of a DS/SS system depends on the synchronization between the received and locally generated pseudo noise (PN) signals. As a step in the synchronization process, the tacking scheme performs fine adjustment to bring the phase difference between the two PN signals to zero. The most widely used tracking scheme is the delay locked loop with early minus late discriminator (EL-DLL). In the ideal case, the EL-DLL is the best estimator among various DLL. However, in the band-limited multipath environment, the EL-DLL has tracking bias. In this paper, the timing offset range of correlation function is divided into advanced offset range (AOR) and delayed offset range (DOR) centering around the correct synchronization time point. The tracking bias results from the following two reasons: symmetry distortion between correlation values in AOR and DOR, and mismatch between the time point corresponding to the maximum correlation value and the synchronization time point. The former and latter are named as the type I and type II tracking bias, respectively. In this paper, when the receiver has finite bandwidth in the presence of multipath signals, it is shown that the type II tracking bias becomes a more dominant error factor than the type I tracking bias, and the correlation values in AOR are not almost changed. Exploiting these characteristics, we propose a novel tracking bias mitigation scheme and demonstrate that the tracking accuracy of the proposed scheme is higher than that of the conventional scheme, both in the presence and absence of noise.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.171-185
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• 2000

The treatment objectives of the complete oral rehabilitation are : (1) comfortably functioning temporomandibular joints and stomatognathic musculature, (2) adherence to the basic principle of occlusion advocated by Schuyler, (3) anterior guidance that is in harmony with the envelope of function, (4) restorations that will not violate the patient's neutral zone. There may be many roads to achieving these objectives, but they all convey varing degrees of stress and strain on the dentist and patient. There are no "easy" cases of oral rehabilitation. Time must be taken to think, time must be taken to plan, and time must be taken to perform, since time is the critical element in both success and failure. Moreover, a systematized and integrated approach will lead to a prognosis that is favorable and predictable. This approach facilitates development of optimum oral function, comfort, and esthetics, resulting in a satisfied patient. Such a systematized approach consists of four logical phase : (1) patient evaluation, (2) comprehensive analysis and treatment planning, (3) integrated and systematic reconstruction, and (4) postoperative maintenance. Firstly, we must evaluate the mandibular position. The results of a repetitive, unstrained, nondeflective, nonmanipulated mandibular closure into complete maxillomandibular intercuspation is not so much a "centric" occlusion as it is a stable occlusion. Accordingly, we ought to concern ourselves less with mandibular centricity and more with mandibular stability, which actually is the relationship we are trying to establish. The key to this stability is intercuspal precision. Once neuromuscular passivity has been achieved during an appropriate period of occlusal adjustment and provisionalization, subsequent intercuspal precision becomes the controlling factors in maintaining a stable mandibular position. Secondly, we must evaluate the planned vertical dimension of occlusion in relationship to what may now be an altered(generally diminished), and avoid the hazard of using such an abnormal position to indicate ultimate occlusal contacting points. There are no hard and fast rules to follow, no formulas, and no precise ratios between the vertical dimension of occlusion. Like centric relation, it is an area, not a point.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.79-90
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• 2021

In domestic public construction, disputes are increasing due to differences among stakeholders regarding contract price adjustment. In particular, the actual cost-plus fee for overhead costs due to the schedule extension cannot be agreed upon at the administrative phase, and most of them seek judicial judgment. Thus, this study aims to propose a 'sufficiently satisfactory' alternative to reach an agreement before disputes in order to minimize disputes related to the calculation of additional overhead costs. To this end, this study proposes three alternatives based on the rate method. Firstly, when calculating additional overhead costs, it is not calculated as an actual cost-plus-fee method, but as a rate compared to direct labor costs among net direct costs. Secondly, the calculated indirect labor costs are compensated for up to the legal maximum of legal limit costs such as general management costs, profits and so on. Thirdly, it reflects overhead costs increased or decreased due to change orders. Risks were analyzed by collecting expert opinions on the proposed methods and applying actual cases. Finally, as a result of investigating the level of consensus for each stakeholder, it was confirmed that all stakeholders could agree regardless of the size of the company. The result of this study is expected to as a useful tool among stakeholders in the construction fields that can be able to easily agreed upon.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2021

Breast cancer is the most prevalent oncological disease among women. Various psychosocial distress is common at the diagnosis, treatment, and posttreatment phase of breast cancer. For the treatment of breast cancer, not only medical treatment but also psychosomatic integrative care will be needed. Patients with breast cancer may lead to increased vulnerability to stress, adjustment disorder, anxiety disorder, and depressive disorder, and these psychiatric diseases and conditions are associated with recurrence or exacerbation of breast cancer. Psychosocial treatment of anxiety and depression could increase the quality of life of patients and decrease the recurrence and progression of breast cancer. In this article, we reviewed 5 clinical breast cancer survivorship guidelines focused on psychosomatic integrative care including psychosocial treatment and alternative treatment for psychosocial distress. Because 5 treatment guidelines were using various definitions of evidence, we confirmed evidence of various psychosocial treatments for patients with breast cancer based on the definition of evidence by the US Preventive Service Task Force (USPSTF) guideline. We also reviewed the effect size of psychosocial treatment for anxiety, depression, mood, and quality of life in patients with breast cancer. This article discusses the barrier to the delivery of psychosomatic integrative care and suggests integrative care planning for breast cancer. Multi-disciplinary teams, patient's needs assessment, information technology support, patient and caregiver engagement, planned periodic monitoring of psychosocial distress by a psychosomatic specialist or consultation-liaison psychiatrist are recommended as key features of a psychosomatic integrated care plan.