• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 1999

The hypoglycemic effect of mulberry leaves using alloxan-induced diabetic mice was investigated. The hypoglycemic effect of mulberry leaves was significantly affected with anaerobic incubation up to for 6 hrs. The body weight of mice treated with 20% anaerobic conditioned mulberry leaves was higher than that in the control group. Mulberry leaves which were treated with anaerobic condition significantly decreased blood glucose level in alloxan-induced type I diabetes mice. Furthermore, glucose tolerance was significantly recovered by feeding mulberry leaves anaerobically treated. Pathological analysis revealed that the disappearance of insulin-secreting beta-cells in the islets of Langerhans from the alloxan induced diabetic mice was strongly inhibited in the mulberry leaves feeding group. The content of 1-deoxynojirimycin increased up to 5% in detached mulberry leaves incubated under nitrogen gas for 6 hrs. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether the synthesis of 1-deoxynojirimycin is increased or the degradation of it is decreased. Overall, results obtained from this study indicate that the hypoglycemic effect was increased by the mulberry leaves with anaerobic treatment.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.7-15
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the current status and use of Gyungrodang located in Heungeop-myeon, Wonju-si and to present improvement and implication for community care in rural area. Methods: The survey of the current status was conducted with interview and observations. The use status of Gyungrodang was surveyed for the elderly over 65 years old who live in Heungeop-myeon using questionnaire. A face-to-face interview was conducted to complete a questionnaire and 181 samples were collected for the study. Results: In the current status, some of the Gyungrodang did not operate during farming season. The external environment, in terms of accessibility, 74.2% of Gyungrodang were located more than 60 minutes on foot from community center, health post, and pharmacy. In addition, the interval between buses run minimum 15 minutes to 120 minutes on average. The internal structure, 35.7% was divided room and toilets. In the use status, the reason for non-use of the Gyungrodang was discomfort(29.0%), and the reason for using was because friends go to the Gyungrodang(44.6%). The most satisfying program was te health care program(65.6%). Implications: First, it is necessary to develop and operate customized health promotion program for target population and seasons. Second, it is necessary to make a plan focused on consumers' needs through satisfaction and demand survey. Third, it is necessary to divide the space of each Gyungrodang by gender when planning the expansion or new construction of Gyungrodang.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.822-827
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• 2007

The aroma characteristics and antioxidative activity of volatile compounds in heat-treated garlic (Allium sativum L.) were evaluated. The garlic was heated to various temperatures (100, 110, 120, and $130^{\circ}C$) for different lengths of time (1, 2, and 3 hr). The volatile compounds of heated garlic were extracted by simultaneous steam distillation extraction (SDE). Aroma compound profiles were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and antioxidative activity was measured by 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) cation decolorization assay. The major aroma compounds were sulfur compounds such as dimethyl disulfide, 2-propen-1-ol, methyl-2-propenyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, diallyl disulfide, methyl-2-propenyl trisulfide, and di-2-propenyl trisulfide. DPPH radical scavenging activity (EDA, %) and the ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant activity (AEAC) of volatile compounds in heated garlic increased significantly with the increase of temperature and time (p<0.001). The EDA (%) and AEAC of raw garlic were 26.8%/10 mg garlic and 39.05 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per g sample. After heat treatment, the highest values were 40.50%/10 mg garlic for EDA (%) and 46.43 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per g sample for ABTS.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.252-257
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resveratrol on the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine in rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters of nifedipine were measured after the oral administration of nifenipine (6 mg/kg) in the presence or absence of resveratrol (0.5, 2.5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively). The effect of resveratrol on the P-glycoprotein (Pgp), CYP 3A4 activity was also evaluated. Resveratrol inhibited CYP3A4 enzyme activity in a concentration-dependent manner with 50% inhibition concentration ($IC_{50}$) of 0.94 ${\mu}M$. In addition, resveratrol significantly enhanced the cellular accumulation of rhodamine 123 in MCF-7/ADR cells overexpressing P-gp. Compared to the control groups, the presence of 2.5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg of resveratrol significantly (p<0.05, p<0.01) increased the area under the plasma concentrationtime curve (AUC) of nifedipine by 49~75%, and the peak concentration ($C_{max}$) of nifedipine by 48~66%. The absolute bioavailability (AB%) of nifedipine was significantly (p<0.05) increased by 22.9-34.8% compared to the control (19.8%). The terminal half-life ($T_{1/2}$) of nifedipine was significantly (p<0.05) increased compared to the control. While there was no significant change in the time to reach the peak plasma concentration ($T_{max}$) of nifedipine in the presence of resveratrol. It might be suggested that resveratrol altered disposition of nifedipine by inhibition of both the CYP3A and P-glycoprotein efflux pump in the small intestine of rats. In conclusion, the presence of resveratrol significantly enhanced the oral bioavailability of nifedipine, suggesting that concurrent use of resveratrol or resveratrol-containing dietary supplenment with nifedipine should require close monitoring for potential drug interation.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.15-32
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• 2013

Few public health researchers have paid research attention to the location of medical institutions in Korea. Previous studies were published in geography journals, and relied on limited data in terms of geographic regions and the type of medical institutions. This study utilized nationwide data covering 8 types of medical institutions. We obtained data from Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service and National Population and Housing Census. The correlation coefficients of resident, daytime, university-graduate population, and the population of different age groups (fewer than 15, 15~64, 65 or more) were compared to understand their relative association with the location of medical institutions. Medical clinic, dental clinic, oriental medical clinic, and pharmacy, all of which are almost completely operated by private sector, showed strong positive correlation with population. Hospital-level medical institutions, which are operated by both public and private sector, had moderate positive correlation. Daytime population and university-graduate population, rather than resident population, were more correlated with the location of medical clinics. The correlation coefficients of the population of 15~64 age group and the location of medical institutions were greater than that of other age groups. The results showed that daytime and university-graduate population are more important than resident population to explain the location of medicalrelated facilities. The results also suggests that the population of age groups (especially, 15~64) might be one of important influence factors in the location of medical institutions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.335-339
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• 2016

Background: The aim of this work was to investigate if serum and salivary auto-antibodies, isotypes IgG and IgM, against HER2 and MUC1 tandem repeat fragments could play a role in breast cancer screening. Materials and Methods: Our case-control study was conducted in breast cancer patients, in early stages (n=29), at the gynecology service, Maternity Souissi Hospital, Rabat, Morocco and healthy woman (n=31). Salivary and serum auto-antibodies against HER2 and MUC1 (tandem repeat) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared between patients and healthy women using the Mann-Whitney U test. A P-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Our data showed higher expression of all serum and salivary autoantibodies in patients as compared to healthy women p<0.05. However, serum IgM anti-MUC1 expression did not show a significant difference between cases and controls (p=0.79). Similarly, salivary IgG anti-HER2 expression did not differ (p=0.15). The correlation between the different isotypes of antibodies revealed that the highest correlation was between salivary IgG anti-HER2 and salivary IgG anti-MUC1(r=0.65). In fact, we have found in saliva the correlation between autoantibodies anti-MUC1 and anti-HER2 more important than in serum (r=0.59 and r=0. 55). However, the correlation between serum and saliva values for all antibodies was weak. Conclusions: Autoantibodies against HER2 and MUC1 may provide a useful approach in breast cancer screening when using both serum and saliva values.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.605-614
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• 2012

Nowadays u-healthcare which is very sensitive to the character of user's information among other ubiquitous computing field is popular in medical field. u-healthcare deals extremely personal information including personal health/medical information so it is exposed to various weaknees and threats in the part of security and privacy. In this paper, RFID based patient's information protecting protocol that prevents to damage the information using his or her mobile unit illegally by others is proposed. The protocol separates the authority of hospital(doctor, nurse, pharmacy) to access to patient's information by level of access authority of hospital which is registered to management server and makes the hospital do the minimum task. Specially, the management server which plays the role of gateway makes access permission key periodically not to be accessed by others about unauthorized information except authorized information and improves patient's certification and management.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.261-267
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• 2010

We describe culture conditions for a high-efficiency in vitro regeneration system of Papaver nudicaule through somatic embryogenesis and secondary somatic embryogenesis. The embryogenic callus induction rate was highest when petiole explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1.0 mg $1^{-1}$ ${\alpha}$-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.1 mg $1^{-1}$ 6-benzyladenine (BA) (36.7%). When transferred to plant growth regulator (PGR)-free medium, 430 somatic embryos formed asynchronously from 90 mg of embryogenic callus in each 100-ml flask. Early-stage somatic embryos were transferred to MS medium containing 1.0 mg $1^{-1}$ BA and 1.0 mg $1^{-1}$ NAA to germinate at high frequency (97.6%). One-third-strength MS medium with 1.0% sucrose and 1.0 mg $1^{-1}$ $GA_3$ had the highest frequency of plantlet conversion from somatic embryos (91.2%). Over 90% of regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimated in the greenhouse. Secondary somatic embryos were frequently induced directly when the excised hypocotyls of the primary somatic embryos were cultured on MS medium without PGRs. Sucrose concentration significantly affected the induction of secondary embryos. The highest induction rate (89.5) and number of secondary somatic embryos per explant (9.3) were obtained by 1% sucrose. Most secondary embryos (87.2-94.3%) developed into the cotyledonary stage on induction medium. All cotyledonary secondary embryos were converted into plantlets both in liquid and on semisolid 1/3-strength MS medium with 1.0% sucrose.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.864-872
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• 2005

Various types of functional foods for health (FFH) are popularly used among adolescents. We surveyed 858 students, $15.0 \pm$ 1.6 (14-18) years of age, attending general junior or senior high schools in Korea for FFH use and significant variables for their FFH use including demographic characteristics, food consumption frequency and nutritional beliefs. The use prevalence of FFH was $47.8\%$, and among all types of FFH, nutritional supplements were taken most frequently, followed by red ginseng products > enzyme containing products > plant extract-fermented products. FFH use was higher in older aged-group, subjects lived in small or middle city, and those from families with a high socioeconomic status in comparison to each corresponding group. Health concern on offsprings by parents and usage ratio of FFH by family was higher in users than in nonusers of FFH. Total score of dietary assessment was higher in users than in nonusers of FFH, and users had a more positive view concerning the potential health benefit of FFH than did nonusers. Most users of FFH took FFH when they were healthy ($50.7\%$) , and they did not feel special effects through the FFH use ($57.1\%$) . Most users of FFH got the information on FFH through family and relatives ($61.5\%$) , and most of them purchased FFH at pharmacy or oriental medicine clinics ($55.1\%$) . FFH users preferred vitamin C-and Ca-supplements most among the vitamin mineral supplements belonged to FFH. Given the widespread use of FFH by adolescents, the reasonable use of these products for the contribution to their overall health and well-being is a subject that is emphasized in nutrition education for them. (Korean J Nutrition 38(10) : 864$\sim$872,2005)

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2018

Objective: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a condition that is characterized by patellar discomfort or pain that is aggravated during certain activities such as ascending/descending stairs. The Patellofemoral Disability Index (PDI) was developed to assess the effect of pain on functional activities in individuals with PFPS. The objectives of the current study were to determine the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and validity of this index. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Forty-one subjects who had PFPS with a mean age of $28.8{\pm}5.0years$ and a mean body mass index of $25.6{\pm}4.7kg/m^2$ participated in the study. All subjects were concurrently enrolled in a clinical trial for which they were instructed to complete hamstring-resistance exercises for 4 weeks. Over the course of the intervention, they completed both the PDI and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) at baseline after two weeks, and after four weeks. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the criterion validity. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was used to examine the internal consistency. Intraclass correlation coefficients with 95% confidence interval were computed to examine test-retest reliability. Results: Subjects' responses within both the PDI and the ODI yielded Pearson correlation coefficient values that were positive and highly significant (range, 0.73-0.97; p<0.001). There was a high level of internal consistency (Cronbach's ${\alpha}{\geq}0.8$), with the exception of stair climbing (Cronbach's ${\alpha}=0.65$). Intraclass correlation ranged from 0.87 to 0.92, indicating high levels of test-retest reliability. Conclusions: The PDI is a valid, reliable, and feasible method of assessing pain and functional ability in patients with PFPS.