• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.3 no.3_4
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• pp.29-37
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• 1988

Experiments were performed on mice to investigate the effect of panax ginseng extracts on the immunotoxicity of ethanol. Immune response were evaluated by antibody production, Arthus reaction, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), Rosette froming cell (RFC) and macrophage activity in mice, sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells. The weight of liver, spleen and thymus were measured. Following results obtained in this experiment. The exposure of ethanol decreased humoral and cellular immune response, the body weight and macrophage activity. Ginseng extracts such as ethanol extract, petroleum ether extract and n-butanol fraction were significantly increased the body weight. The administration of ginseng ethanol extract and ginseng petroleum ether extract were restored or increased humoral and cellular immune response. Macrophage activity was decreased by ethanol, but restored by the ginseng extracts.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.6 no.1_2
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• pp.25-38
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• 1991

The immunopotenciating effects of petroleum ether extract, ethanol extract and butanol fraction of panax ginseng on the immunotoxicity of Cimetidine were investigated in ICR mice. Immune responses were evaluated by antibody production, Arthus reaction, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), and rosette forming cell (RFC) in mice, sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells. To investigate the change of the non-specific immune responses, phagocyte activity and number of leukocytes in peripheral blood were measured also. The results of this study are summarized as followings; 1. Cimetidine treated group as compared with normal group generally decreased HA, 2-MER, RFC, number of circulating leukocytes and phagocyte activity whereas in-creased Arthus reaction and DTH. 2. The panax ginseng petroleum ether extract combined administration group as compared with the control group remarkably increased HA, 2-MER, number of circulating leukocytes and phagocyte activity. 3. The panax ginseng ethanol extract combined administration group as compared with the control group remarkably increased Arthus reaction, DTH, HA, RFC, number of circulating leukocytes and phagocyte activity. 4. The panax ginseng butanol fraction combined administration group as compared with the control group remarkably increased Arthus reaction, HA, 2-MER, RFC, number of circulating leukocytes and phagocyte activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 1989

Field experiment was conducted to find out the chemical characteristics of 12 Korean local varities, Local varities were compared with oriental, flue-cured and burley tobacco. Among tested varities, Hyangcho and Matskawa were desirable in respect of flavor, leaf color and texture. Hyangcho and Matskawa were higher in the content of nicotine and petroleum ether extract. Gajacho, Byeolcho and Kukjuo were higher in the content of reducing sugar, but lower nicotine, total nitrogen and petroleum ether extract. The nicotine and total nitrogen content of Kwangcho, Daruma and Catterton were lower than that of Br. 21. In the content of volatile organic acid which were major characteristic component of oriental tobacco, the Korean local varities were lower in the content of 3-methyl butanoic and 3-methyl pentanoic acid, but hirities, Hyangcho, Matskawa and Daruma were higher in the content of volatile organic acid. Korean local varities, especially small leaf group, were higher in the content of benzyl alcohol and furfural than any other type tobacco.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.139-144
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• 1978

Total methanol extract of Plantago asiatica seeds showed significant hepatotonic activities against animal model of hepatitis. The methanol extract was further fractionated with petroleum ether, chloroform, n-butanol and water. Among these fractions, methanol extract and water and chloroform fractions exhibited hepatonic activities, whereas petroleum ether and n-butanol fractions appeared to give rise a rather toxicity. Measurements of serum GOT, GPT and duration of sleeping time induced by hexobarbital after $CCl_4$ intoxication indicated that water fraction showed most potent activities.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.180-182
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• 2003

In the present study the whole plant of Ammania baccifera Linn was extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol. The extracts were vacuum dried to yield the respective petroleum ether (PEE), chloroform (CE), ethyl acetate (EAE) and ethanol extracts (EE). PEE, CE, EAE and EE were evaluated for their antipyretic and diuretic activity at 200 mg/kg dose level. Significant antipyretic activity was associated with PEE, CE, EAE and EE. CE was found to exhibit higher antipyretic activity as paracetamol at 100 mg/kg dose level. Significant diuretic activity was exhibited by EAE, EE and PEE. The present study supports the claims of Ammania baccifera mentioned in the Indian system of medicine.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.56-61
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• 2008

Bioactivity guided phytochemical study of the petroleum ether and butanol extracts of Clematis hirsuta resulted in the isolation of 12 compounds. Rat paw edema as a model of acute inflammation was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts and the chromatographic fractions. Five known sterols and triterpenes namely: ${\beta}-amyrin$ (1), lupeol (2), ${\beta}-sitosterol$ (3), oleanolic acid (4) and stigmasterol glycoside (5) were isolated from the petroleum ether extract. The n-butanol extract afforded two compounds reported for the first time from natural source: (S)-(+)-dihydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2(3H)-furanone (7) and (s)-(-)-5-hydroxymethyl-2(5H)-furanone (8). In addition, anemonin (6), dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2(3H)-furanone (2-deoxy-D-ribono-1,4-lactone) (9), biophenol (cimidahurin) (10), glucose (11) and sucrose (12) were also identified. The structures were determined from spectroscopic data including 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.397-401
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• 1994

Bioreduction with active dried baker's yeast proceeded smoothly in n-hexane, pentane or petroleum ether as an organic solvent system. Ethyl(1) and octyl 3-oxohexanoate(2) were reduced to $({\underline{R}})-ethyl(3)$ and $({\underline{S}})-octyl$ 3-hyroxy-hexanoate(4) with high enantiomeric excess, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 1999

In our continuing search for new antineoplastic agents from natural products, one hundred and thirty-five herbal drugs were extracted with petroleum ether/ether (1:1), ethyl acetate and methyl alcohol, successively and their cytotoxicities were evaluated against A549 (human lung carcinoma) and SK-OV-3(human ovary adenocarcinoma) cell lines. Among them, fifteen kinds of ether extracts, eighteen kinds of ethyl acetate extracts and seven kinds of methanol extracts showed significant cytotoxic activities (above 70% inhibition) against A549 cell lines at a concentration of $40\;{\mu}g/ml,$ while ten kinds of ether extracts, thirteen kinds of ethyl acetate extracts and six kinds of methanol extracts demonstrated significant cytotoxic activities against SK-OV-3 cell lines at the above same concentration.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.323-330
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• 1998

For the search of new antineoplastic agents from natural resources, two hudred and one kinds of oriental medicinal drugs were extracted with petroleum ether/ether(1:1), ethyl acetate and methyl alcohol, successively and their cytotoxicities were evaluated against A549 (human lung carcinoma) and SK-OV-3 (human ovary adenocarcinoma) cell lines. Among them, thirty kinds of ether extracts, forty-one kinds of ethyl acetate extracts and nine kinds of methanol extracts showed significant cytotoxic activities (above 70% inhibition) against A549 cell lines at a concentration of $40\;{\mu}g/ml$. And also, twenty-four kinds of ether extracts, thirty-one kinds of ethyl acetate extracts and six kinds of methanol extracts showed significant cytotoxic activities against SK-OV-3 cell lines at the same concentration.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.253-256
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• 2002

For the antimicrobial activity test, Akebia quinata DECAISNE stem were extract water and fractionate it with four solvents which had a different polarity, antimicribial activity were increased in oder of petroleum ether fraction = diethyl ether fraction ${\leq}$ n-buthanol fraction < ethyl acetate fraction < aqueous fraction. Water extracts of stems and fruits were showed inhibitory two species bacteria](Bacillus subtills KCTC 1021, Bacillus cereus KCTC 1012) from developing.