• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.79-89
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• 1988

This experiment was carried out to investigate the difference of compositions between petroleum ether extract and its tall oil in Pinus rigida Mill. xylem and to obtain the basic data on effective extraction and its utilization of by-product, resin and fatty acid, when pulp making. After both petroleum ether extract from wood meal and its tall oil in pitch pine were separated to the resin and fatty acid by using DEAE-Sephadex and aluminum oxide column, these were analyzed with gas chromatograph. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Fatty acids contained as ester form in living trees were varied by peroxide of organic solvent in petroleum ehter extraction and cooking chemicals in cooking. 2. Pimaric-type acid was eluted earlier than abietic-type acid in resin acids and the fewer the carbons, the earlier the elution in fatty acids. 3. The retention time of SE-30 column was even smaller than that of OV-101 column but the relative retention time obtained by using methyl pimarate and methyl stearate as internal standard was nearly identical. 4. Both petroleum ether extract and tall oil mainly consisted of resin acids, expecially abietic-type acid. 5. Tall oil had more fatty acid but less resin acid than petroleum ether extract. Also, the content of unidentified materials was increased owing to the isomerization and the shift of double bond position in unsaturated fatty acids by high temperature and cooking chemicals when cooking.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.315-320
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• 1997

Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer has been extensively used in the traditional oriental medicine as a restorative, tonic and prophylatic agent. This study was devised to develop a chemopreventive agent from panax ginseng to be able to suppress the genotoxicity and oxidative damage by ractive oxygen species, which are involved with cancer or aging. Ginseng petroleum ether extract (GPE) and one of its fraction, P2, showed an antioxidative effect on the lipid peroxidiphenyl-2-picryl hydrazil (DppH) radical generation. They also showed the suppressive effect of H2O2 or KO2 induced DNA damage by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). Results from our study indicate that GPE and P2 are capable of protecting lipid peroxidation, and oxidative DNA damage. Therefore, GPE and P2 may be useful chempreventive agents which are involved with cancer and aging.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.334-340
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• 1992

Ethanol, total saponin and petroleum ether extract of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer were tested for their anticlastogenic effects against induction of micronuclei by cyclophosphamide and benzo(a)pyrene in mice. Ginseng petroleum ether extract (GPEE) showed the highest suppressive effect among three extracts. GPEE was also tested to compare their anticlastogenic effect against several well-known carcinogens: such as mitomycin C, 7, 12-dimethyl benzo(a)anthracene, ethyl methane sulfonate, dimethylnitrosamine and busulfan. GPEE showed the anticlastogenic effect against most of carcinogens, although there were no significant effects against 7, 12-dimethyl benzo(a) anthracene, dimethyl nitrosoamine and busulfan-induced micronuclei.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 1998

To investigate the cytotoxic effect of Platycodon grandiflorum DC, petroleum ether extract of Platycodon grandiflorum DC was partially purified by a silica gel column chromatography. Among several fractions, fraction D which was obtained under the elution with a 7:3 mixture of petroleum ether and ethyl ether, showed patent cytotoxicity against mouse leukemia cell line (L1210), human rectum cancer cell line (HRT-18) and human colon cancer cell lint (HCT-48).

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2013

Dimethyl ether (DME) has a high cetane number that is suitable for diesel fuel. DME does not contain sulfur or nitrogen, and is an oxygenated fuel so it produces no particulate matter when combusted and is environmentally friendly. DME fuel for diesel engines show excellent material properties such as a lower volumetric heating value, lower boiling point, lower lubricity, and stronger solvent effect than light oil. This study experimentally examined a lubricity improver (LI) for dimethyl ether. A diesel LI based on biodiesel and fatty acid methyl ester was tested among DME LI candidates. The long-term storage stability and physical properties of the optimum LI for DME were determined.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 1986

The immunopotentiating effect of ethanol extract, butanol fraction and petroleum ether extract of Panax ginseng on the immunotoxicity of benzo(a)pyrene were investigated in mice. A single administration of benzo(a)pyrene induced an apparent but relatively transient reduction in HY titer, Arthus reaction, delayed type hypersensitivity, rosette forming cell and natural killer cell activity Ethanol extract very significantly restored HY titer, Arthus reaction. RFC and natural killer cell activity. Butanol fraction have no effect. But petroleum ether extract very significantly restored humoral and cellular immune response and especially natural killer cell activity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.799-808
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• 1998

To investigate the antitumor activity of mugwort (Artemisia princeps Pampan), petroleum ether extract of mugwork was partially purified by a silica gel chromatography. Among several fractions, the fraction which was obtained under the elution with acetone, showed potent cytotoxicity against mouse leukemia cell line(Ll210), human colon cancer cell line (HCT-48) and human hepatoma cell line (Hep G2) , but was less effective with normal cell line(mouse embryo cell). Acetone fraction appeared to be glycolipid by Benedict test and the major fatty acids of the lipid were C16 ; 0 , C 18: 3by GC/MS analysis.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.355-360
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• 1987

The immunopotenciating effects of ethanol extract, butanol fraction and petroleum ether extract of Korean Ginseng on the immunotoxicity of mitomycin C were investigated in mice. A single administration of mitomycin C induced an apparent but relatively transient reduction of spleen weight, hemagglutination titer, Arthus reaction, RFC and natural killer cell activity. Ethanol extract of Ginseng significantly restored spleen weight, HA titer, RFC and natural killer cell activity. Butanol fraction of Ginseng significantly restored HA titer, RFC and natural killer cell activity. Petroleum ether extract of Ginseng very significantly restored spleen weight, Arthus reaction, DTH, RFC and natural killer cell activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.18-21
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• 1998

Comparative cytotoxic activities of petroleum ether soluble fraction from various ginsengs of Panax species were evaluated using A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) and SK-OV-3(human ovary carcinoma) cancer cell lines. Korean red ginseng, Korean white ginseng, American ginseng and Canadian ginseng were found to show more potent cytotoxicitles on A549 and SK-OV-3 cell lines than Chinese red ginseng, Japanese red ginseng and Sanchi ginseng. It is noteworthy that especially, red ginseng prepared from the root of Panax ginseng cultivated in Korea shows relatively stronger cytotoxic activities than those cultivated in China and Japan.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.243-251
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• 1998

Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer has been extensively used in the traditional oriental medicine as a restorative, tonic and prophylatic agent. Petroleum ether extract of panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (GPE) and its several fractions (PI-P5) were tested for the evaluation of antigenotoxicity against N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P]-induced micronucleated reticulocytes in mouse peripheral blood. GPE and P2 showed more significant anticlastogenicity than other fractions did. To elucidate the anticlastogenic action mechanism of GPE and P2 against B(a)P, the alteration of B(a)P metabolism was studied. GPE and P2 inhibited B(a)P metabolism in the presence of 8-9 mix and decreased B(a)P-DNA binding in calf thymus DNA with 8-9 mix. They also decreased [$^3H$] MNU induced DNA binding and methylation to 7-methyl guanine and $O^{6}-methyl$ guanine adducts in calf thymus DNA by RPLC analysis. These results suggest that the anticlastogenicity of GPE and P2 on the B(a)P or MNU-induced clastogenicity is due to decrease of DNA binding with B(a)P or MNU, the inhibition of metabolism with B(a)P and the inhibition of methylation in DNA. Therefore, GPE and P2 may be useful chemopreventive agents of alkylating agent like MNU and secondary carcinogen like B(a)P.