• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1273-1279
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• 2013

방향족화합물들로 오염되어있는 토양 및 산업폐수를 포함한 각종 시료로부터 phenol에 분해활성이 높은 56균주를 순수분리 하였으며, 이들 분리 균주 중 균체생육과 phenol 분해활성이 가장 높은 균주인 GN13을 선별하였다. 분리균주 GN13은 형태학적, 생리학적 및 생화학적 특성을 조사한 결과 Neisseria 속 세균과 유사한 것으로 판명되어 최종적으로 Neisseria sp. GN13으로 명명하였다. 분리균주 Neisseria sp. GN13의 균체생육 및 phenol 분해를 위한 최적온도와 최적 pH는 각각 $32^{\circ}C$와 7.0였다. 유일 탄소원으로 phenol 1,000 mg/l를 포함하여 최적화된 배지를 사용한 jar-fermentor 배지에서 배양 30시간에 균체생육이 최대에 이르렀으며 배양 27시간째 거의 모든 phenol이 분해되었으며, catechol deoxygenase 활성측정에 의하여 Neisseria sp. GN13은 meta-와 ortho-pathway를 통하여 catechol 분해가 일어났다. Neisseria sp. GN13은 phenol 함유 인공폐수에서의 phenol 분해율은 배양 30시간 만에 97%의 phenol이 분해되는 것으로 나타났으며, 인공폐수에 대한 Neisseria sp. GN13과 활성슬러지 처리구에서의 TOC 제거효율은 각각 83%와 78%였다. 석유화학폐수에 대한 Neisseria sp. GN13의 COD 제거율은 활성슬러지만을 포함한 대조구보다 약 1.3배 높은 효율을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 분리균주 Neisseria sp. GN13은 phenol을 함유하고 있는 여러 폐수에 효과적으로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.83-96
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to characterize the local levels of VOCs (volatile organic compounds), to develop source profiles of VOCs, and to quantify the source contribution of VOCs using the CMB (chemical mass balance) model. The concentration of VOCs had been measured every 6-day duration in the SRO monitoring site in the Yeosu Petrochemical Industrial Complex from September 2000 to August 2002. The total of 35 target VOCs, which were included in the TO-14 designated from the U.S. EPA, was selected to be monitored in the study area. During a 24-h period, the ambient VOCs were sampled by using canisters placing about 10 ～ 15 m above the ground level. The collected canisters were then analyzed by a GC-MS in the laboratory. Aside from ambient sampling at the SRO site, the VOCs had been intensively and massively measured from 8 direct sources and 4 general sources in the study area. The results obtained in the study were as follows; first, the annual mean concentrations of the target VOCs were widely distributed regardless of monitoring sites in the Yeosu Petrochemical Industrial Complex. In particular, the concentrations of BTX (Benzene, Toluene, Xylene), vinyl chloride were higher than other target compounds. Second, based on these source sample data, source profiles for VOCs were developed to apply a receptor model, the CMB model. Third, the results of source apportionment study for the VOCs in the SRO Site were as follows; The source of petrochemical plant was apportioned by 31.3% in terms of VOCs mass. The site was also affected by 16.7% from wastewater treatment plant, 14.0% from iron mills, 8.4% from refineries, 4.4% from oil storage, 3.8% from automobiles, 2.3% from fertilizer, 2.3% from painting, 2.2% from waste incinerator, 0.6% from graphic art, and 0.4% from gasoline vapor sources.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2019

최근 지구 온난화 현상에 따라 낙뢰가 증가하고 있는 추세이며 산업시설과 인프라 설비에 사고 위험이 가중되고 있다. 특히 낙뢰가 정유 및 석유화학 공장의 시설물이나 저장탱크 등 인프라 설비에 떨어지는 경우 가동 중인 공장에 정전, 전자기기의 오동작이나 파손을 유발하거나 화재 폭발과 함께 동시 다발적이고 복합적인 재해를 초래하게 된다. 그러므로 낙뢰사고에 대한 체계적인 연구를 통하여 낙뢰에 대한 메커니즘의 이해 및 낙뢰에 의한 화재 폭발 발생 사례를 심층 분석하고, 조사 방법을 체계화하여 예방대책을 강구 할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 낙뢰에 의해 석유화학공장의 폐수저장탱크 내부의 유증기가 폭발한 사례에 대해 사고 원인을 분석하고 그 원인에 따른 사전 예방대책을 제시하여 낙뢰에 의한 사고 발생을 예방하고자 한다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.669-678
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• 2009

The reduction of excess activated sludge from petrochemical plant was investigated by the electro fenton (E-Fenton) process using electrogenerated hydroxyl radicals which lead to mineralization of activated sludge to $CO_2$, water and inorganic ions. Factors affecting the disintegration efficiency of excess activated sludge in E-Fenton process were examined in terms of five criteria: pH, $H_2O_2/Fe^{2+}$ molar ratio, current density, initial MLSS (mixed liquid suspended solids) concentration, $H_2O_2$ feeding mode. TSS total suspended solid and $TCOD_{cr}$ reduction rate increased with the increasing $H_2O_2/Fe^{2+}$ molar ratio and current density until 42 and $6.7 mA/cm^2$, respectively but further increase of $H_2O_2/Fe^{2+}$ molar ratio and current density would reduce the reduction rate. On the other hand, as expected, increasing pH and initial MLSS concentration of activated sludge decreas TSS and $TCOD_{cr}$ reduction rate. The E-Fenton process was gradually increased during first 30 minutes and then linearly proceed till 120 minutes. The optimal E-Fenton condition showed TSS reduction rate of 62~63% and $TCOD_{cr}$ (total chemical oxygen demand) reduction rate of 55~56%. Molar ratio $H_2O_2/Fe^{2+} = 42$ was determined as optimal E-Fenton condition with initial $Fe^{2+}$ dose of 5.4 mM and current density of $6.7{\sim}13.3 mA/cm^2$, initial MLSS of 7,600 mg/L and pH 2 were chosen as the most efficient E-Fenton condition.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1119-1127
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• 2010

The behavior of copper throughout the whole process of wastewater treatment plant that uses the activated sludge process to treat the wastewater of petrochemical industry that contains low concentration of copper was investigated. Total inflow rate of wastewater that flows into the aeration tank was $697\;m^3$/day with 0.369 mg/L of copper concentration, that is, total copper influx was 257.2 g/day. The ranges of copper concentrations of the influent to the aeration tank and effluent from the one were 0.315 ~ 0.398 mg/L and 0.159 ~ 0.192 mg/L, respectively. The average removal rate of copper in the aeration tank was 50.8 %. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of copper by microbes in the aeration tank was 3,320. The accumulated removal rate of copper throughout the activated sludge process was 71.3%, showing a high removal ratio by physical and chemical reactions in addition to biosorption by microbes. The concentration of copper in the solid dehydrated by filter press ranged from 74.8 mg/kg to 77.2 mg/kg and the concentration of copper by elution test of waste was 2.690 ~ 2.920 mg/L. It was judged that the copper concentration in dehydrated solid by bioconcentration could be managed with the control of that in the influent.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.837-847
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• 2000

고농도의 유기물과 질소성분을 포함하는 맥주공장과 석유화학 산업폐수를 처리하기 위하여 실험실 규모의 혐기/호기 순산소-생물막 공정 (POB)이 이용되었다. 그리고 A/O POB process와 장기폭기법의 경제성분석도 수행되었다. TOC 농도기준으로 70에서 150 mg TOC/L 범위의 맥주공장폐수가 유입되었을 때 TOC 제거율은 각각 92% 이상으로 좋은 효율을 보였다. 석유화학폐수의 경우 초기 TOC제거율은 52%로 매우 낮았지만 32일 이후에는 86%의 TOC 제거율을 나타내었으며, TKN의 제거율은 유입부하가 증가함에도 불구하고 27일 이후에 71%의 제거율로 유지되었다. 순산소 생물막공법은 초기 건설비인 순산소 발생장치 (PSA)와 메디아 설치비가 소요되기 때문에 장기폭기법에 비하여 약 2.9배 정도 높았다. 이에 반해서 순산소 생물막공법은 극히 적은 잉여슬러지 발생량과 슬러지의 재순환의 불필요, 낮은 에너지 소요량 등의 많은 장점들로 인하여 운전비와 유지비가 약 2.5배 정도 장기폭기법 보다 적었다. 그러므로 장기적인 측면에서 보면 순산소 생물막공법이 높은 처리효율을 가지면서도 장기폭기법보다 경제적인 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.561-570
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• 2004

This study was carried out to survey the pollution of nonylphenol (NP) in surface sediments around Gwangyang bay and Yeosu sound. NP was suspected chemicals as endocrine disruption. Gwangyang bay is located on the mid south coast of Korea. It is a semi-closed bay which Yeosu petrochemical industrial complex, POSCO (Pohang Steel Company) and Gwangyang container harbor are there. The surface sediments were collected at 15 stations with gravity corer at October, 1999, February, May and August, 2000. Also, the stream and intertidal sediment were collected at 5 sites at August, 2000. Concentrations of NP in surface sediments were in the range of 6.89 to 202.70 ng/g dry wt.. Seasonal range (mean value) of NP is 13.98 to 30.48 (23.46) ng/g dry wt. at October, 10.35 to 54.91 (28.10) ng/g dry wt. at February, 29.05 to 202.70 (82.32) ng/g dry wt. at May and 6.98 to 83.40 (25.37) ng/g dry wt. at August. NP was seasonally fluctuated, and the highest mean value and range was detected at May, 2000. NP was highly distributed in the inner part of Gwangyang bay than Yeosu sound. Concentrations of NP in stream and intertidal sediments showed the highest value in downstream near Yeosu petrochemical industrial complex and Yondung stream. It suggests that the source of NP is industrial wastewater and municipal sewage.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.391-396
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• 2014

Ultrapure water (UPW) is water containing nothing but water molecule ($H_2O$). The use of UPW is increasing in many industries such as the thermal and nuclear power plants, petrochemical plants, and semiconductor manufacturers. In order to produce UPW, several unit processes such as ion exchange, reverse osmosis (RO), ultraviolet (UV) oxidation should be efficiently arranged. In particular, RO process should remove not only ions but also low molecular weight (LMW) organic matters in UPW production system. But, the LMW organic matter removal data of RO membranes provided by manufacturers does not seem to be reasonable because they tested the removal in high concentration conditions like 1,000 ppm of isopropyl alcohol (IPA, MW=60.1). In this study, bench-scale experiments were carried out using 4-inches RO modules. IPA was used as a model LMW organic matter with low concentration conditions less than 1 ppm as total organic carbon (TOC). As a result, the IPA removal data by manufacturers turned out to be trustable because the effect of feed concentration on the IPA removal was negligble while the IPA removal efficiency became higher at higher permeate flux.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.147-161
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• 2016

To start with, finding a sustainable method to produce sweet water and electricity by using renewable energies is one of the most important issues at this time. So, experimental and theoretical analysis of the performance of a closed solar powered still, which is jointed to photovoltaic cells and vacuum pump and equipped by nano plate, as the principle stage of zero discharge desalination process is investigated in this project. Major goal of this work is to reuse the concentrated brine of the Mobin petrochemical complex in order to produce potable, sweet water from effluent saline wastewater and generating electricity in the same time by using solar energy instead of discharging them to the environment. It is observed the increase in brackish water temperature increases the average daily production of solar desalination still considerably. Therefore, the nano plate and vacuum pump are added to augment the evaporation rate. The insolation rate, evaporation rate, the average brackish temperature, ambient temperature, density are investigated during a year 2013. In addition to obtain the capacity of solar powered still, the highest and lowest amount of water and electricity generation are reported during a twelvemonth (2013). Results indicate the average daily production is increased 16%, which represents 7.78 kW.h energy saving comparing with traditional solar still.

• 청정기술
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.154-164
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• 2009

2007년을 기준으로 울산에 위치한 사업장으로부터 발생된 유기성 폐수슬러지의 94%가 해양처분되었다. 유기성 슬러지의 해양처분은 2012년에는 완전 금지될 예정이다. 그러나 아직까지 울산에 위치한 사업장으로 부터의 유기성 슬러지는 소각 이외에 다른 대안이 없는 실정이며, 현재 울산석유화학산업단지의 사업장들은 슬러지의 육상처리 및 처분기술의 확보가 매우 중요한 과제이다. 본 연구에서는 울산의 석유화학사업장 슬러지와 하수처리 슬러지를 연료로 활용하기 위해 건조슬러지와 탄화슬러지의 재료적 측면에 대한 평가를 실시하였다. 연구결과 저위발열량 3,000 kcal/kg이상을 초과하는 테레프탈산, BTX, 프로필렌, 화학섬유 등을 생산하는 사업장으로부터의 건조슬러지와 탄화슬러지는 연료로서의 가능성이 높지만 건조할 경우 2,100 kcal/kg 이하, 탄화할 경우 1,100 kcal/kg 이하인 좀 더 무기성분이 많은 펄프, 제지, 메틸아민, 아마이드 등을 생산하는 사업장의 폐수슬러지는 연료로서의 가치가 적은 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과 대부분의 슬러지들이 에너지 측면에 있어서 탄화보다는 건조가 더 좋은 결과를 보여주었다.