• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 1984

Agricultural soil samples collected from 121 sites (plastic film house 59, up-land 30 and orchard 32 sites) were evaluated by steam distillation and GLC-ECD analysis for organochlorine pesticides (${\gamma}-BHC$, heptachlor, p,p'-DDE, dieldrin, p,p'-DDD, and p,p'-DDT) in Jeollanam-Do area. Total residues of organochlorine pesticide in orchard, plastic film house and up-land were 0.415, 0.234 and 0.156ppm, respectively. Ninety-four percent of total residue was p,p'-DDT and its homologues (p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDD). ${\gamma}-BHC$ was detected in all soil samples at $trace{\sim}0.050ppm$ range. Residue levels of organochlorine pesticide increased in the order of p,p'-DDE, ${\gamma}-BHC$, heptachlor, dieldrin, p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDD.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2005

For the removal of residual pesticides in ginseng extracts, we estabilished the removal process using pilot plant system, the characteristic components of ginseng maintains only. According to the agricultural chemical removal process, we monitored residual pesticides of 155 species, compraing the characteristic components of ginseng. The process of 4 types of agricultural chemical removal process compared to the control test was appeared that the residual pesticides were eliminated. As results above, the most efficient method of the possibility of raising the removal ratio of the agricultural chemical construction process was dried process of hexane after dipping and also remaining quality of the hexane appeared lowly. Besides, the removal process had an effected on the ginsenocide os ginseng, only the residual pesticides will be able to remove.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 2011

Bentazone is benzothiadiazole group herbicide, and used to foliage treatment. This herbicide have already been widely used for cereals and vegetables planting in worldwide. This experiment was conducted to establish a determination method for bentazone residue in crops using HPLC-UVD/MS. Bentazone residue was extracted with acetone (adjusted pH 1 with phosphoric acid) from representative samples of five raw products which comprised hulled rice, soybean, apple, green pepper, and Chinese cabbage. The extract was diluted with saline water, and dichloromethane partition was followed to recover bentazone from the aqueous phase. Florisil column chromatography was additionally employed for final clean up of the extract. The bentazone was quantitated by HPLC with UVD, using a YMC ODS AM 303 ($4.6{\times}250$ mm) column. The crops were fortified with bentazone at 3 levels per crop. Mean recovery ratio were ranged from 82.0% for a 0.2 mg/kg in apple to 97.9% for a 0.02 mg/kg in Chinese cabbage. The coefficients of variation were ranged from 0.5% for a 0.02 mg/kg in soybean to 9.7% for a 0.02 mg/kg in Chinese cabbage. Quantitative limit of bentazone was 0.02 mg/kg in representative five crop samples. A LC/MS with selected-ion monitoring was also provided to confirm the suspected residue. Therefore, this analytical method was reproducible and sensitive enough to determine the residue of bentazone in agricultural commodities.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.79-84
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• 1998

Tandem HPLC and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization(APcI) LC/MS method was used for the determination and confirmation of carbendazim residues in soybean sprout. Fluorescence(FL) detector was connected in tandem with the ultraviolet(UV) detector for dual detection of the carbendazim residue at the excitation and emission wavelength of 280 nm and 310 nm, respectively. The limit of detection for carbendazim was $0.1{\mu}g/kg$ sample. Recoveries of carbendazim from fortified soybean sprout at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 ppm were averaged 89.1%. Mass spectrometry using a APcI source confirmed the carbendazim residue in the soybean sprout sample. Fragmentation pattern on the APcI LC/MS spectrum of carbendazim was simpler than that from electron impact(EI) mass spectrum. Carbendazim produced 3 major ions including m/z 133, m/z 159 and m/z 191($M^{+}$). This method was sensitive enough to provide reliable and reproducible results for practical applications.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.112-116
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• 2004

Two experiments were carried out in greenhouse under hydrophilic culture facilities and simulation model to provide residual characteristics of ethoprophos treated in sweet pepper's growth. To identify the pattern of absorption-translocation through the plant roots, ethoph 5 % GR were diluted in hydrophilic culture solution and drenched at a time per day for three days. The residue in fruit came closed to 0.02 ppm of MRL at 10 days after treatment(DAT) and reached peaked 0.06 ppm at 30 DAT and remained excess MRL level until around 40 DAT. To confirm the pattern of contamination by volatilization of ethoprophos, ethoph 5%GR was scattered 2 g per cubic meter. At 72 hours after treatment, the residue in sweet pepper fruit was exceed the MRL and the maximum residual amount were 0.62 ppm by volatilization. Consequently the use of ethoprophos during the growth of sweet pepper would be strong possibility to exceed the MRL.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 1998

In order to minimize harmful side effects, extend weed control performance, and control the releasing rate of the active ingredient, dicamba controlled release granular formulations were prepared with starch as matrix. Leaching, soil residue, and volatilization of the granules were compared with dicamba soluble concentrate formulation (SL). Leaching of dicamba through the soil applied with the granules could be reduced more than 50% as compared with that of dicamba SL. The half life of dicamba in loamy soil treated with the granules was 50 to 51 days, while that in sand loamy soil was 50 to 58 days. Whereas, the half life of dicamba in loamy and sand loamy soil applied with dicamba SL was 24 and 22 days, respectively. Volatilization of dicamba from the granules was 10 times less than that of dicamba SL.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.373-381
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• 1997

In order to investigate the drift of pesticides sprayed on Chinese cabbage, 7 pesticides chlorpyrifos, EPN, pirimiphos-methyl, phenthoate, tetradifon, dicofol and bifenthrin were applied in two sets of field tests. The pesticide residues were quantified bar multiple-residue analysis, in which the recovery rate was 78${\sim}$92% and standard deviation was ${\pm}0.683{\sim}52%$. It was found that most of the tested pesticides were spread by drift to neighbouring area and brought about the contamination of the unsprayed crops. The extent of drift varied depending upon the pesticide, distance and wind direction. The mean residue levels on unsprayed crops were 0.66% at 3 meter distance, 0.10% at 6 m distance and 0.05% at 9 m distance from the applied area and the maximum level was 1.83% of the residue on sprayed crops.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.547-556
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• 2013

Recently, golf courses have increased over the years because golf became popular leisure sport. Various environmental problems have been then issued by a golf course during constructing and running them. A problem of pesticide, which is serious among various environmental problems, from golf course has harmful effect on surrounding area and makes human suffer from acute and chronic diseases. Pesticides are used for the cost-effective managing of golf course and the amount of pesticides also increases as the number of golf course increase. Since the assessment of pesticides on near-by surrounding has been focused on water and soil media, studies related to atmospheric dispersion have been hardly attempted. The method to assess an impact of pesticide nearby agricultural production by the atmospheric dispersion using AGDISP(AGricultural DISPersal) model was developed and applied to the actual planned golf course located in Hongcheon, Gangwon. For implementing AGDISP, parameters were investigated from the golf course's land use planning map, pesticide spray device, Hong-Cheon weather station and etc. First of all, a kind of pesticide, a form of spraying pesticide, geographical features, weather data, and distance(golf course to plantation) were investigated to understand how to work these parameters in AGDISP. Restricted data(slope angle, droplet size distribution and solar insolation) sensitivity analysis of these parameters to estimate effect of pesticide nearby a plantation and a high relative contribution data of analyzed data was selected for input data. Ethoprophos was chosen as the pesticide used in the golf course and the amounts of pesticide deposition per annual agricultural productions were predicted. The results show that maximum amount of pesticide deposition through atmospheric dispersion was predicted $2.32{\mu}/m^2$ at 96 m where the nearest organic plantation exists. The residues of pesticide were also estimated based on the annul production of the organic and the deposition amount of the pesticide. Consequently, buckwheat, wheat and millet were likely to exceed maximum residue limits for pesticides in foods(MRL) and sorghum, corn and peanut were likely to exceed MRL by organic farming as well.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.237-245
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• 2007

We tested for residual pesticide levels in agricultural products purchased from 5 provinces within the middle region of Korea during 2006. A Total of 488 samples of 23 different types of agricultural products were analyzed by GC/MS, GC-NPD, and LC/MS/MS. We used multi-analysis methods to analyze for 231 different pesticide types; a single residual pesticides were detected in 92 samples (18.9%), of which 9 samples (1.9%) exceeded the Korea Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs). we detected pesticide residue in more than 50% of the pepper leaf and welsh onion samples. For the welsh onions, 16 among the 30 analyzed samples contained pesticide residue, and 4 samples exceeded the Korea MRLs. Among the 234 kinds of pesticides we tested for, 42 were detected, and 21 of them were detected more than twice. Six pesticide residue types, including cypermethrin, iprodione, fludioxonil, ethoprophos, flutolanil, and lufenuron, exceeded the MRLs. No residual pesticides were detected in 396 of the samples (81.1%), and the residual pesticide levels in 83 samples (17.0%) were lower than the Korea MRLs, indicating that 98.1% of the samples were relatively safe.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.211-220
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• 2016

This study was to develop the analytical reference material of green-pepper for multi-residue analysis of pesticides. According to the ISO Guide 35, ISO Guide 13528 and EURL-PT protocol, the homogeneity, stability, assigned value and uncertainty were calculated to assess if it was suitable to be used as the proficiency test or quality control. The values of the within-bottle standard variation ($s_{wb}$) and the between-bottle standard variation ($s_{bb}$) were 1.7~3.7% of assigned value according to the requirement of the ISO guide 35. And, the uncertainty ($u^*{_{bb}}$) due to inhomogeneity was 0.8~1.1% for all pesticides. The storage stabilities of ten-pesticides at various conditions were assessed. For all target pesticides, the slop ($b_1$) values were smaller than the corresponding values of $[t_{0.95,n-2}{\times}s(b_1)]$ specified by the ISO guide 35, indicating that there were no statistically significant decreases in the concentration of the target pesticides when the analytical reference material was stored at room temperature ($20{\sim}30^{\circ}C$) for 7 days, freezing ($-20^{\circ}C$) for 30 days and deep freezer ($-80^{\circ}C$. except for bifenthrin, fenpropathrin) for 245 days. For proficiency test by using it developed by Korea Institute of Toxicology, inter-lab test was performed with eight organization performing the residual pesticide analysis. We found that there were some different results among them. Some were assessed as questionable or unacceptable for two pesticides and one organization didn't analyze the six pesticides. From these results, this green-pepper analytical reference material containing ten-pesticides could be used as a tool for the proficiency test to improve the reliability or consistency for pesticide residue's results.