• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.311-322
• /
• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the 106 kinds of pesticide residues in agricultural products (n=3,614) by GC, for the northern area of Seoul from March (1999) to December (2000). The detection rate of pesticide residues in samples was 5.0% (mean =2.86$\pm$7.22 mg/kg, n=180). The order of the agricultural products in which pesticide residues were detected was korean lettuce > perilla leaf, pepper > chinese cabbage > leek > spinach. The percentage of the agricultural products in excess of MRL was 2.0% (n=73). The agricultural products in excess of MRL were korean lettuce (n=15), perilla leaf(n=13), leek (n=6), spinach (n=6), pepper (n=5), chwinamul (n=5), etc. The order of the pesticide residues which were detected in agricultural products was procymidone endosulfan chlorpyrifos vinclozolin chlorothalonil and diazinon. The average residual values of procymidone, endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, vinclozolin, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon were 4.07, 1.24, 1.27, 2.83, 17.71 and 1.48 respectively. The pesticide residues in excess of MRL were chlorpyrifos (n=19), endosulfan (n=12), procymidone(n=), vinclozolin (n=6), etc, and the measured concentration ranges of chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, procymidone, vinclozolin, pyrazophos, diazinon and EPN were 0.03-6.72, 0.18-5.8, 2.0-60.8, 1.70-20.33, 0.26-1.21. 0.59-4.3 and 0.28-4.19 respectively.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제42권6호
• /
• pp.664-675
• /
• 2010

국내 유통 농산물 16품목을 대상으로 LC/MS/MS로 분석 가능한 다종다성분 농약 60종을 검사하여 식품의 잔류농약 안전성을 조사하였다. 조사대상 농산물 510건 중 대부분의 농산물인 490건(96.1%)의 농산물은 농약이 검출되지 않았으며, 18건(3.5%)의 농산물에서 농약이 검출되었으나, 대부분 잔류허용기준 미만으로 검출되었다. 들깻잎, 부추 등 엽채류의 검출빈도가 높은 편이었으나 대부분 잔류허용기준 미만으로 검출되었고, 시금치, 부추에서 각각 ethaboxam, fluquinconazole이 잔류허용기준 이상으로 검출되었다. 검출 농약은 9종이었으며, azoxystrbin과 dimethomorph가 가장 많이 검출되었다. 쌀 등 16품목의 다소비 농산물을 대상으로한 모니터링 결과 농약의 잔류량은 대부분 잔류허용기준 미만으로 비교적 안전한 수준으로 농산물에 대한 농약 관리가 이루어지고 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제51권3호
• /
• pp.207-216
• /
• 2020

The analysis method for qualitative analysis of the screening method that can be performed prior to the quantitative analysis of individual pesticide was reviewed in order to meet the safety standards that are being strengthened in the field of pesticide residue testing of herbal medicines. Among the residual pesticides presented in the Korean Pharmacopoeia, 56 pesticides, excluding 15 pesticides that need to be individually analyzed, were selected for analysis using QuEChERS preprocessing and GC-MS/MS, which are used in the existing agricultural products field. For each pesticide, the detection limit level of 0.001-0.005 mg/kg and the quantitative limit level of 0.002-0.017 mg/kg were confirmed. In the recovery test in which the standard was treated at a concentration of 0.02 mg/kg, it was confirmed that the proportion of pesticides satisfying the recovery of 70-120% was 85.7-96.4% for each herbal medicine, so it was confirmed that it was a level that could be reviewed by the screening method.

• 농약과학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.308-314
• /
• 2012

국내 유통 중인 친환경농산물 중 과채류와 과실류의 잔류농약 모니터링을 통해 친환경인증 농산물의 잔류농약 실태조사 및 안전성을 평가하기 위하여 서울을 포함한 전국 8개 도시 9개 지점의 대형마트와 친환경농산물 전문판매점에서 25종의 과채류와 과실류를 555점 채취한 후 acetamiprid를 포함한 245종 농약을 대상으로 GC-ECD/NPD와 HPLC-DAD/FLD를 이용한 다성분동시분석법으로 잔류농약을 분석하였으며, 분석결과 농약으로 추정되는 peak는 GC-MSD를 이용하여 재확인하였다. 잔류농약 분석결과 555점의 시료 중 사과를 포함한 4점의 시료에서 bifenthrin, EPN 및 chlorpyrifos가 검출되었으며, 검출율은 0.72%이었다. 농약이 검출된 4점의 시료 중 잔류량은 모두 잔류허용기준(maximum residue limit, MRL) 이내였으나 EPN이 검출된 배는 잔류량이 허용수준인 MRL의 1/20을 초과하였다. 일일최대섭취허용량(maximum permissible intake, MPI) 대비 일일섭취추정량(estimated daily intake, EDI)은 0.76% 미만이었다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제30권6호통권113호
• /
• pp.333-339
• /
• 2005

The pesticide is raising public interest in the world, because it causes damage to an environmental pollution and the human health remaining agricultural products and an ecosystem, in spite of the advantages. Particularly, each country restricts the residual pesticide and induces observance about the safety and usage standard so that they can control the amount of pesticide used and defend the safety of agricultural products. The habitual practice for the analysis of the residual pesticide depends on GC (gas chromatography), HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) and GC/MS (gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy), which triturate the fixed quantity of samples, abstract and purify as a suitable organic solvent. These methods have the highly efficient in aspects of sensitivity and accuracy. On the other hand, they need the high cost, time consuming, much effort, expensive equipment and the skillful management. Carbofuran is highly toxic by inhalation and ingestion and moderately toxic by dermal absorption. As with other carbamate compounds, it is metabolized in the liver and eventually excreted in the urine. The half-life of carbofuran on crops is about 4 days when applied to roots, and longer than 4 days if applied to the leaves. This research was conducted to develop immunoassay for detecting carbofuran residue quickly on the basis of surface plasmon resonance and to evaluate the measurement sensitivity. Gold chip used was CM5 spreaded dextran on the surface. An applied antibody to Immunoassay was GST (glutathione-s-transferase). The association and the dissociation time were 176 second and 215 second between GST and carbofuran. The total analysis time using surface plasmon resonance was 13 minutes including regeneration time, on the other hand HPLC and GC/MS was 2 hours usually. The minimum detection limit of a permissible amount for carbofuran in the country is 0.1 ppm. The immunoassay method using surface plasmon resonance was 0.002 ppm.

• 농약과학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.23-29
• /
• 2016

국내산 유통 수삼 중 농약의 잔류특성을 구명하기 위하여 전국 15개 지역의 45개 재래시장 상점에서 45점의 시료를 채취한 후 GC-MS/MS와 LC-MS/MS를 이용한 다성분동시분석법을 이용하여 잔류농약을 분석하였으며, 검출된 농약은 GC-ECD/NPD를 이용한 개별분석으로 수삼 중 잔류농약을 정량하였다. 잔류농약 분석 결과 총 45점의 시료에서 cypermethrin, fenitrothion, fludioxonil, thifluzamide, tolclofos-methyl이 검출되었으며, 검출율은 35.6%이었다. Tolclofos-methyl이 가장 높은 검출빈도를 보였으며, 인삼에 대한 안전사용기준과 잔류허용기준이 설정되어 있지 않은 fenitrothion이 검출되었다. 수삼에서 검출된 농약은 모두 잔류허용기준 미만이었다. 수삼 중 검출된 농약의 일일섭취허용량 대비 일일섭취추정량은 0.03-16.67%이었다.

• 농약과학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.5-13
• /
• 2015

농산물 중 잔류농약의 안전관리를 위해 2014년 신규 기준설정 농약인 imazapyr의 분석법을 개발하였고 분석법의 정확성, 재현성, 정밀성, 선택성, 직선성에 대한 검증을 통하여 잔류농약 분석을 위한 공정분석법으로서의 유효성을 검증하였다. Imazapyr는 imidazolinone계 화합물로 아미노산의 생성을 억제하여 잡초의 생장을 방제하는 제초제이다. Imazapyr는 CODEX를 포함한 미국, 일본 등에서 잔류허용기준(MRL)이 설정되어 있으며, 우리나라에서도 대두에 대해 잔류허용기준을 설정할 예정이다. 비록 기준은 대두에 우선 설정되지만 농산물 전반에 대한 안전관리를 위해 곡류, 콩류, 채소류, 과일류, 서류에 대한 분석법를 개발하였고, 각 농산물군의 대표작물인 대두, 고추, 감귤, 현미, 감자 시료에 대해 분석법을 개발하였다. 시료 중 imazapyr를 methanol을 이용해 추출하고 dichloromethane으로 액-액 분배하여 극성 간섭물질을 제거하였으며, 현미 및 대두 등 유지시료의 경우 n-hexane/acetonitrile 분배법을 적용하여 유지성분을 추가로 제거하였다. 분석기기로는 Imazapyr의 낮은 증기압과 UV 파장의 빛에 대한 흡광성을 감안하여 HPLC-UVD를 사용하였다. 확립된 분석법에서 검량선의 상관계수($r^2$)는 0.99% 이상으로 우수한 직선성을 보였으며, 5개 대표 농산물에 imazapyr를 3개 농도에서 5회 반복하여 수행한 결과 회수율은 72.1-108.0%이었고 분석오차는 10% 미만으로 잔류농약 분석을 위한 CODEX 가이드라인(CAC/GL 40, 2003)에 적합하였다. 본 연구에서 확립된 분석법은 식품 중 imazapyr의 안전관리를 위한 공정분석법으로 사용될 것이다.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제10권5호
• /
• pp.343-349
• /
• 1997

역상 이온쌍 고성능액체크로마토그래피(RP-IPC)에 의한 살균제 농약 kasugamycin(5-amino-2-methy-6-(2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxy cyclohexyloxy) tetrahydropyran-3-yl-amino-${\alpha}$-iminoacetic acid)의 정량분석법을 확립하였다. Ksugamycin의 정량분석법을 확립하기 위해 RP-IPC에서 organic modifier의 농도, 용리액의 pH 및 상대이온(counter ion)의 종류와 농도에 의한 시료의 머무름 거동에 대한 영향을 조사 검토하였다. 확립된 최적 변수를 바탕으로 개발된 이 분석법은 kasugamycin의 품질관리에 활용할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.2821-2823
• /
• 2014

Background: Esophageal and gastric cancer generally have a poor prognosis and may share common risk factors. It has been demonstrated that the pesticide usage may contribute to development of many cancer types. In this study, the relation between amount of pesticides used in agriculture and esophageal and gastric cancer incidence was researched. Materials and Methods: Findings from the data bank of the Ministry of Health Provincial Health Directorate Cancer Records Center between the years of 1998-2010 were used. All patients who were diagnosed with gastric and esophageal cancer histopathologically were included. Data for annual pesticide usage were obtained from Provincial Agriculture Directorate for the same time period. Statistical analysis was performed using the Spearman test. Results: One thousand eight hundred and ninety-six patients were involved in the study, 1,233 males (65%) and 663 females (35%), 230 with esophageal cancer (12.1%) and 1,666 with gastric cancer (87.9%). No statistically significant relation was apparent between pesticide amount used and esophageal cancer (p: 0.87). Conclusions: In our study, there was no relationship between pesticide usage and esophageal or gastric cancer. However, the time between pesticide usage and cancer development was not known, qualifying the comparison.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제32권12호
• /
• pp.4265-4269
• /
• 2011

A method based on ethyl acetate extraction and gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was developed for determining tetraconazole residues in fruits and vegetables. A 10 g homogenized sample was mixed with 10 mL ethyl acetate, shaken vigorously for 3 min, stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 15 min, and then vortexed vigorously for 1 min; 1 g NaCl and 4 g anhydrous $MgSO_4$ were added. The clean-up was carried out by applying dispersive solid-phase with 150 mg $MgSO_4$and 50 mg primary secondary amine. Three precursor product ion transitions for tetraconazole were measured and evaluated to provide the maximum degree of confidence. Average recoveries in fruits and vegetables at three levels (0.005, 0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg) ranged from 85.53% to 110.66% with relative standard deviations ($RSD_r$) from 1.3% to 17.5%. The LODs ranged from 0.002 to 0.004 ${\mu}g$/kg, and LOQs ranged from 0.006 to 0.012 ${\mu}g$/kg. This method was also applied to determine tetraconazole residue in cucumber dissipation experiment under field conditions. The half-lives of tetraconazole in cucumber were in the range of 2.1-3.1 days.