• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.103-120
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• 2020

This study reviewed the literature on the self-distancing method for emotion regulation. Self-distancing refers to taking a step back in dealing with one's own experiences and interpreting them in a relatively objective manner. Studies have indicated that self-distancing affects cognitive and emotional processes, which are particularly beneficial in regulating negative emotions. Therefore, this study focused on organizing previous results to summarize their meaning, assess means of measurement, and analyze possible effects. Above all, the related concepts of an observer's rational perspective and self-reflection were presented to clarify the definition of self-distancing, followed by a discussion of its measurement. Based on this, the effects of self-distancing were introduced according to their emotional, cognitive, physiological, developmental, and behavioral aspects. However, despite repeated verification of the positive effects of self-distancing, there are several inconsistencies that require consideration. Finally, we suggested the study's academic and practical implications and recommended directions for further research.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.143-166
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• 2006

It has been well known that women live longer but suffer more from degenerative diseases than men do, which, in turn, results in frequent utilization of medical care services among women. Previous studies, mostly based on Western society, have discussed that women, particularly married women, are more likely to utilize medical care services than men even after considerations of different health status and demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Social interests in women's health and socialization process of caring for health among women are known as causes. This study examines sex differentials in the medical care service utilization in Korean society, particularly focusing on marital status. Feministic perspectives in Korea have argued that sex division of labor within family puts women in a position that has to continuously provide physical and emotional services to other family members, which keeps them from taking care of their own health. This study empirically tests if this feministic perspective holds true in Korea. Results show that Korean women and those with spouse are more likely to utilize medical care services than their men and the spouse-less counterparts, net of other risk factors. However the effect of existence of spouse on the medical care utilization is much smaller among women than men. These results suggest that the feministic perspective is in part applicable to explain sex differentials on medical care service utilization in Korea.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.46-55
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• 2009

This research analyzes effects on women students' psychological characteristics participating in WIE Program (WIE, Women into Engineering) which develops and manages with gender perspective to inspire needed qualities for them to have a career in the field of engineering and improve the use of women resources. We surveyed 207 women students in WIE Program about psychological characteristics of finding ways in one's major field and recognition of developing one's ability through the program. The results show that women students have strong desire to have a carrier in the field of engineering, but seem to have low self-efficacy about it. Each characteristics are different from students to students due to their backgrounds. Next, each psychological characteristics have meaningful differences between groups that are taking WIE Program and groups that are not, and also between groups that have a lot of experiences and groups that have not. Last, women students think that they will be able to gain positiveness, self-efficacy, challenging mind by participating in WIE Program.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.411-420
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• 2012

In Korea, the traces of Mongolian history and culture are often found in Korean life and customs. Under these perceptions, this study has attempted to develop the learning contents using the Mongolian historical and cultural heritages in Korea. For this, the perspective on Mongolia in Korean History and Social Studies textbooks and the exhibition of Mongolian cultural materials in a museum have been analyzed. In addition, this study has researched a plan to develop learning contents for exhibition and education using the Mongolian historical & cultural heritage and folklore materials in Korea and people's perspective on Mongolia in the ancient western maps as a way of understanding the historical and cultural heritage between Korea and Mongolia. In addition, a way of taking advantage of the Mongolian historical and cultural heritage in Korea from the view of world history has been proposed to share historical views and promote cultural exchanges between the two countries. Furthermore, the development of learning contents of the museum using the historical and cultural heritage between Korea and Mongolia could be grounds for humanistic studies from the view of understanding multiculture and characteristics of international culture.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.7-17
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to empirically explore micro and macroeconomic factors affecting the Pakistani sugar industries and searching the energy potential of this industry, through the survey of literature. The empirical part has been explored by employing Vector Autoregression (VAR), Granger Causality tests and simultaneous equation models through quarterly data for the period of 1991q2-2008q4. The study also aims to devise policies for the development of sugar industries and identify its growing importance for the energy sector of Pakistan. Empirical tests applied on the domestic prices of sugar, domestic interest rates, and exchange rate, productive capacities of sugar mills, per capita income, world sugar prices on cultivable area and sugar production reveal very useful results. Results reveal an improvement of productive capacity of the sugar mills of Pakistan on account of increasing crushing capacity of this sector. Negative effect of rising wholesale prices on the harvesting area was also observed. Profit earnings of the sugar mills significantly increase with the rise of sugar prices but the system does not exist for the farming community to share the rising prices of sugar. The models indicate positive and significant effect of local prices of sugar on its volume of import. Another of the findings of this study positively relates the local sugar markets with the international prices of sugar. Additionally, the causality tests results reveal exchange rate, harvesting area and overall output of sugarcane to have significant effects on the local prices of sugar. Similarly, import of sugar, interest rate, per capita consumption of sugar, per capita national income and the international prices of sugar also significantly affect currency exchange rate of Pakistani rupee in terms of US$. The study also finds sugar as an essential and basic necessity of the Pakistani consumers. That is why there are no significant income and price effects on the per capita consumption of sugar in Pakistan. All the empirical methods reiterate the relationship of variables. Economic policy makers are recommended to improve governance and management in the production, stock taking, internal and external trading and distribution of sugar in Pakistan using bumper crop policies. Macroeconomic variables such as interest rate, exchange rate per capita income and consumption are closely connected with the production and distribution of sugar in Pakistan. The cartelized role of the sugar industries should also be examined by further studies. There is need to further explore sugar sector of Pakistan with the perspective of energy generation through this sector; cartelized sugar markets in Pakistan and many more other dimensions of this sector. Exact appraisal of sugar industries for energy generation can be done appropriately by the experts from applied sciences.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.78-91
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• 2017

In this study, we conducted a comparative study on user's perception and behavior on public system service (PSS) using institutionalism theory and MGA (multi-group analysis) methodology. In particular, this study focuses on how institutional isomorphism is applied to public system services and how MGA can be implemented correctly in a variance based SEM (structural equation model) such as PLS (partial least square). A data set of 496 effective responses was collected from pubic system users and an empirical research was conducted using three segmented models categorized by public proximity theory (public firms = 113, government contractors = 210, private contractors = 173). For rigorous group comparisons, each model was estimated by the same indicators and approaches. PLS-SEM was used in testing research hypotheses, followed by parametric and non-parametric PLS-MGA procedures in testing categorical moderation effects. This study applied novel procedures for testing composite measurement invariance prior to multi-group comparisons. The following main results and implications are drawn : 1) Partial measurement invariance was established. Multi-group analysis can be done by decomposed models although data can not be pooled for one integrated model. 2) Multi-group analysis using various approaches showed that proximity to public sphere moderated some hypothesized paths from quality dimensions to user satisfaction, which means that categorical moderating effects were partially supported. 3) Careful attention should be given to the selection of statistical test methods and the interpretation of the results of multi-group analysis, taking into account the different outcomes of the PLS-MGA test methods and the low statistical power of the moderating effect. It is necessary to use various methods such as comparing the difference in the path coefficient significance and the significance of the path coefficient difference between the groups. 4) Substantial differences in the perceptions and behaviors of PSS users existed according to proximity to public sphere, including the significance of path coefficients, mediation and categorical moderation effects. 5) The paper also provides detailed analysis and implication from a new institutional perspective. This study using a novel and appropriate methodology for performing group comparisons would be useful for researchers interested in comparative studies employing institutionalism theory and PLS-SEM multi-group analysis technique.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.8
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• pp.89-119
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• 2009

Kim, Jun-Geun(Gisan) was a late 19th century Chosen dynasty painter who created numerous genre paintings for West European clients in the newly opened treaty ports of Wonsan, Busan and Inchon. The treaty ports in the late 19th century Chosen represented of the crossroads the economy, values, and the institutions of the West European powers. In particular, the agriculture-based economy, Confucianism, and land-owner noble class started being eroded by a commerce-based economy, the values of Christianity, West European institution, and a new class of people who amassed wealth from commerce. As Kim, Jun-Geun's paintings were created for sale to West European clients, they exhibit characteristics that are distinct from the traditional genre paintings in terms of presentation style and the selection of the subject matters. The export genre painting originated in the 18th century around Guangdong, China. Broadly, there are two styles of genre paintings: the Guangzhou style and Ningbo style. Kim, Jun-Geun's paintings resemble the Ningbo style. The Ningbo style tends to highlight the main subjects, form an album of small paintings, and provide a simple treatment of the scenes without the background. Kim, Jun-Geun's paintings cover most aspects of life of common people of his time, ranging well beyond the subjects matters of the traditional genre paintings. His subject matters include the scenes of funeral, folk games, Buddhist and ancestor worship, prison and punishment, shaman custom, debauchees, government officials' formal trips, beggars and handicapped, etc. Many of the subjects are the neglected and the oppressed of the society. And he presents in detail the dress and its ornament that the subjects wear, and all the utensils and things around them. Besides, his subjects' faces are generally expressionless, and their postures are stiff; as such, the feeling of liveliness or movement is lacking. It may be the results of Kim, Jun-Geun's taking the other perspective, namely of his West European clients, rather than his own. The adoption of the other perspective may in turn be a product of the Social Darwinism and the new sense of values that accompanied the infusion of Christianity and West European institutions. Kim, Jun-Geun's portrayals of his subjects appear to reflect the attributes with which the West European Orientalists' of the period characterized the people of the Far East, namely, backwardness, barbarity, irrationality, violence, and mysticism.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.29-37
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• 2020

This study analyzed the importance of factors according to the investor's perspective through a survey of residential real estate experts using AHP and fuzzy theory. Analysis results showed that rent, profitability, traffic accessibility, commercial and infrastructure, and financial regulation are important in common. By expert group, financial and credit groups cited profitability, rent, traffic accessibility, supply and tax benefits, construction and development groups cited traffic accessibility, rent, direct access, profitability, commercial area and infrastructure, and appraisal and evaluation groups cited rent, profitability, transportation accessibility, financial regulation and supply as the most important factors. This showed that it had a preference characteristic that was associated with work. In other words, it focuses most on the financial perspective in investment characteristics, and it values convenience such as accessibility to transportation and commercial districts and infrastructure as its location characteristics. In addition, it was found that easing financial regulations in the market is important to expand investment in real estate. This study aims to help the business feasibility analysis of residential property developers and rational decision-making of general investors who are consumers, taking into account the various perspectives of the expert group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.56
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• pp.69-99
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• 2016

Taking the perspective of children's welfare, this study aimed at critically analyzing the system of notification disposition which institutionalized children have experienced. Notification disposition is a juvenile justice process that, when a child (10 th 18 years old ) has been delinquent or is at risk for delinquency, is initiated without investigation or prosecution procedures by direct notification to a judge from the caregivers, school principals, chief probation officers, or directors of child care institutions. The data used in the analysis included case records of probation offices, and court sentencing documents of juvenile protective dispositions. Results showed that notification cases were initiated by directors of child shelters/care institutions. The most common reasons of notification were theft, runaway, physical violence, drinking, and smoking. Furthermore, there were more controversial reasons, such as "bad influence on another institutionalized children", "showing no remorse", "no sense of guilt"and "challenge of rearing in institutions" Based on the results, we discussed three problematic aspects of the direct notification system by directors of childcare institutions : (1) too much reliance on the judicature judgment of juvenile court; (2) less stability of the judicial status of notified children, and (3) inadequacies of the notifying eligibility for directors of child care institutions.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.48
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• pp.1-30
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to review two books on the history of Korean literature written in Japanese, taking special interest in ancient Korean literature, examining transcultural patterns between the history of North and South Korean literature and that of Japanese literature, and thereby identifying perceptions and description patterns of the history of Korean literature from the perspective of comparative literature. This study analyzes two books with the same title The History of Joseon Literature written in Japanese by Kim Dongwook and Byeon Jaesoo. The two books are not translations of Korean books but were written in Japanese for Japanese and ethnic Korean readers in Japan. The History of Joseon Literature (1974) by Kim Dongwook mainly compares Joseon literature with Japanese literature. The History of Joseon Literature (1985) by Byeon Jaesoo, an ethnic North Korean in Japan, was written from socialistic perspectives. The two books have different standards for evaluating value of the history of Joseon literature and different perceptions about it. Due to the division between North and South Korea, the history of literature is unfolding in different ways in the two Koreas, and the two books reflect such differences. However, they have several common features. For example, they highly regard the value of literature written in Chinese characters and originality of hangga (a folk song of Silla), Hangeul (the Korean alphabet), and pansori (a form of Korean folk music in which a singer accompanied by a supportive drummer sings and chants an epic story). In addition, they both demonstrated that literature written in Hangeul and that written in Chinese characters interacted with each other as the same Korean literature. When the two books were written, the history of Korean literature had been considered a subunit of the history of East Asian or Chinese literature. However, as this study found, Kim and Byeon wrote the two books from a perspective of departing from this view based on nationalism, re-establishing the value of Korean literature, promoting Japanese people's understanding of the high quality of Korean literature, and imbuing ethnic Koreans in Japan with nationalistic pride.