• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.39-61
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• 1999

This thesis is attempted to ananlyze the relationship between the empowerment in the nursing work environment, the job-related personal charateristics and the nursing job performance according to the individual variables of hospital, age, experience, education, position, practice area, number of nurses in the practice area, number of beds. 'Opportunity', 'support', 'informantion', ,resource' are used as structural factors of empowerment suggested by Kanter's theory of structural power in organization, and 'self-efficacy', 'burnout', 'motivation', 'organizational commitment' are defined as four job-related personal charateristics. The ultimate goal of this study is to find out the work effectiveness of the structural factors of empowerment and the job-related personal charateristics. The basic data consists of two sets of questionaires. One is the self-reporting quetionaires for the staff nurses and the other one is questionaires answered by nursing managers. The latter is designed to objectively measure the job performance. A total of 523 items of data are collected randomly from nursing population of 7 different university teaching hospitals in Seoul metropolitan area. The data were analyzed mainly using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis. ANOVA, and Duncan test according to the various purposes of the analysis. The main results of this study are as follows : 1. The mean score of four structural empowerment factors are ranked by support, opportunity, resource, and information. And among the four job-related personal charateristics self-efficacy factor shows especially high score. 2. The results of the correlation analysis between the empowerment factors and the job-related personal charateristics are as follow: 1) The 'opportunity' factor is correlated with organizational commitment' (r=.37), 'motivation' (r=.36), 'burnout' (r=-.17), and (r=.09). 2) The 'information' factor is correlated with 'organizational commitment' (r=.44), 'motivation' (r=.39), 'burnout' (r=-.24), and 'self-efficacy' (r=.17), 3) The 'support' factor is correlated with 'organizational commitment' (r=.47). 'motivation' (r=.42), 'burnout' (r=-.24), and 'self-efficacy (r=.20), 4) The 'resource' factor is correlated with 'burnout' (r=-.28), 'organizational commitment' (r=.26), and 'motivation' (r=.26), 3. The job performance are correlated with 'motivation' (r=.24) , 'self-efficacy' (r=.16), 'burnout' (r=-.16) and 'organizational commitment' (r=.12), 4. The job performance are correlated with' support' (r=.17), 'information' (r=.12) 'opportunity' (r=.10), 5. The result of ANOVA for analysing the relationship between the structural factors of empowerment and individual variables shows that the level of empowerment are significantly different by the variables such as 'hospital' and 'the number of beds in the practice area'. In summary, there were several findings in this study, First, the structural factors of empowerment defined as opportunity, support, information are significantly correalted with the job-related personal charateristics that are supposed to relate to the level of job performance. These results support the basic hypothesis suggested by Kanter's theory and implies that for improving the job performance of nurses, hospital has to have more concern about the structural factors of nursing environment.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.46-53
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• 1991

In the past, management had been done over nurses rather than nursing and this brought the existence of general manager and as a result, nurse-manager's position and role are being threatend. For the up-bringing of nursing to firm professional recognition in the 21st century, it is firmly believed that nursing managers are to be in the position to play the role of general manager with professional qualifications; personal qualities and exact understandings on the role and function of each tier group under her/his management. 124 top(3 nursing superintendents), middle-range(23 supervisors) and unit managers(98 head-nurses) from 3 university hospitals in Seoul were interviewed in order to investigate their belief in the role, professional qualifications, personal qualities as well as the strategy for the development of their leadership qualities. The frame of reference for the interview were developed by the researcher in reference to relevant literatures. It was the common belief that qualifications o[ top-managers and mid-managers require an educational background of master's preparation or higher and clinical career for at least 15 years for top-managers and 5 -10 years for mid-managers. The personal qualities required by nurse managers include; leadership, initiative, judgement, self-confidence, flexibility, open-mindedness and strong motivation. Achievment-orientedness would greatly help them become excellent managers. On the other hand, [or more effective management, managers of each teir group are to fully understand their role and perform "their job responsibilities ie. Top managers are supposed to study with emphasis on organization, function and conceptual s~ill while mid-managers concentrate their effort on the development of skills for direction, guidance and human relationship. Unit managers also supposed to have abilities to manage their function with emphasis on development of clinical performance skill, for direction on operative aspects. The strategies for the development of leadership qualities include program-planning at individual instutional level as well as local, national and international level. Nurse-managers are to be motivated and encouraged to participate in the programs in order to effectively communicate within tier groups.oups.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was to investigate the relationship between the level of emotional labor and occupational job stress of hospital nursing staff. Methods: The survey was conducted from Mar. to Oct. 2009 to collect data from clinical nurses (N=496). Results: The study showed that nurses without religion and those working in big-sized hospitals had higher scores in emotional labor, and those of 26~30 years old felt the highest stress in the occupational role. The same applied to the married, more work experienced, atheist and those working in big-sized hospitals. Unmarried, under educated nurses with less work experience working in the big-sized hospitals showed higher scores in personal strain. The scores of the personal resources depended on religion, work experience, marital status and position of their jobs. Emotional labor was positively correlated with an occupational role and personal strain, respectively, but the emotional labor, occupational role and personal strain were negatively correlated with personal resources respectively. Conclusion: Intervention program is required to reduce overload of nurse's role and to relieve physical and psychological strains of the under-30-age-group. Also, social support and rational/cognitive coping must be reinforced.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.86-94
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• 1983

The purpose of this study were to find out the perceived importance of psychological care, to investigate the nurses perception on the quantity of psychological care activities, and the correlation between the structual variables. 206 registered nurses from general wards of 3 university hospitals in Seoul were randommly sampled. Data were gathered by check-list on the perceived importance and perceived quantity and were analysed by the frequency, percentile scores, ANOVA and Correlation-coefficient. Results are as follows 1. Majority of subjects(96.6%) responded to the psychological care for hospitalized patients being very, and most important nursing care activity Two-third(66%) revealed to be give more or less satisfactory amount of psychological care-to the hospitalized patients. 2. Heavy work-load(79%), personal factors of(33.0%) nurses and the health team and factors of nurse-patient relationship (20.9%) revealed to be the major causes hindering psychological care. 3. To improve quality and the quantity of psychological care, personal and professional development of nurses and the health team(56.8%), improvement of nurse-patient relationships (49.03) and improvement of nurse patient ratio(45%) were suggested. 4. The perceived quantity of psychological care and the educational status revealed significant correlation(p<.005). The perceived quantity and position in nursing revealed significant correlation (p<.01). 5. No significant correlation was revealed between the perceived importance and the perceived quantity of the psychological care.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.129-147
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• 2000

The main purpose of this study was to define the Fashion Coordination through chanel style. The methods of research were review precedent theses. the document rotated to fashion, and fashion Magazine. Also, information on the Internet was used. In sense of the fashion coordination, Designer Chanel understands fashion. Chanel is created that has Chanel Style through garcon style in 1920 by coordination with accessory and so on that means modern fashion. From than, even though Chanel Style has changed over and over according time, that become ideal image model what modern women is running after be. 1. Tubular style has easy to represent personal identity each people, by coordination with accessories and so on. The relationship tubular style and accessory is help to produce image bast. 2. Chanel' Hat was coordination with the same color clothes, contributed to finish wearing clothes and increase position. 3. Necklace has representative accessory in Chanel style. 4. Carmellia made use of point accessories on clothes. 5. Chanel N$^{\circ}$ 5 was produced crystallization that is necessary to make image. 6. Chanel was created Modern style based on the garcon style. 7. That became ideal image what women want to be in 20th century 8. Through cackle kennedy, that has best style symbolized rich and position.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.18 no.3 s.47
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• pp.71-84
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze the structure of maternal experiences. This study applies ethnographic case study, interview data were collected through in-depth interviews of 10 key interviewees. Findings were as follows: (1) Experiences of the body were about creating a new being through the pain of giving a birth and differed according to woman's self-evaluation of identity. (2) Child-rearing experiences marked a shift of position from a child to a parent. Interviewees experienced the hardhsip of life as a mother, its meanings differed according to the social context of interviewees. Child-rearing experiences meant a process of personal maturity. (3) Mother-child relationship shaped by child-rearing experiences, is a process of building meanings. It led to empathy and reinterpretation of her mother's life.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.502-523
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between selected components of conceptual ecology that are reflected in high school science students' statements, when answering questions. This study follows from a position that there is reason to believe that, in the process of answering questions, many aspects of conceptual ecology are likely to play a role. Data were gathered through six audio-taped interviews, the science teacher's profiles of each student, the students' personal journals, their assignments, and their examinations and participation in class. Kay and KY were selected as the focus of this study because theirs were both dramatic as well as representative cases. As the findings suggest, learning styles differ according to distinctions within individuals' conceptual ecologies. Thus the way in which a person learns science varies according to the construction of her/his conceptual ecology. This suggests that different forms of pedagogy may be effective with different types of learners. This also suggests that science educators may have a role in assisting students to develop into constructed, rather than received, learners.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.301-305
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• 2021

Scientific space, one can observe the differentiation of the definition of the terms "value", "value orientations" because it does not yet have a clear standard definition. Many researchers have dealt with this topic, researched, analyzed, observed, and made conclusions. However, there is still a rich scope for research of such phenomena of personal structure as value orientations. Psychologists-researchers who, in their scientific, practical, and theoretical works, dealt with the topic of values and value orientations and came to the general conclusion that values are a structural component of a personality, with the help of which a person achieves a goal, sets this goal, and characterizes position in life. Saw the relationship between values and the basic structures of the personality, including value orientations-considered in values a system of orientation and personality attitudes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.426-436
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify factors that affect nursing performance; Those factors are personal characteristics, sub-categories of empowerment and job satisfaction of clinical nurses. Methods: Data were collected from November 24, 2012 to March 11, 2013, and participants were 451 hospital nurses in 6 hospitals. Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression were used for data analysis. Results: Nurses who were older, married, highly educated, in the position of charge nurse, and with longer clinical careers showed relatively higher empowerment, higher job satisfaction, and higher nursing performance than others. Also, there were strong correlations between nursing performance and empowerment (r=.576)/job satisfaction (r=.617). Factors predicted nursing performance were relationship with coworkers (${\beta}=.398$), duty (${\beta}=.181$), promotion system (${\beta}=.134$), and turnover intention (${\beta}=-.109$). Factors predicting job satisfaction were competency of empowerment (${\beta}=.249$), and clinical career (${\beta}=.151$). These 6 factors explained 55.2% of the variance in nursing performance (F=93.37, <.001). Conclusion: Regarding human resource management, relationship with co-workers is a changeable factor. Therefore nursing organizations should apply these factors in human resource management to enhance nursing performance and achieve organizational goals.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to find some kinetic variable's relationships between personal records and low records in female high jump. Methods : Collected data of the subjects(N=8, ages: $25.5{\pm}1.85$, height: $173{\pm}5.83$, mass: $54.75{\pm}6.36$ personal record: $1.71{\pm}0.04$, low record: $1.62{\pm}0.03$) were used for the last three strides and take-off phase. Five video cameras set in 30frames/s were used for recording. After digitizing motion, the Direct Linear Transformation(DLT) technique was employed to obtain 3-D position coordinates. The kinematic and kinetic factors of distance, velocity, angle, impulse, jerk variables were calculated. A paired t-test was applied for the difference of variables between personal records and lower records and for correlation with performances and variables. The significance level was accepted at p<.05. Results : There was no relationship between pattern of stride and performance. However, rate of change of velocity was related with cental of mass height(CMH) at peak point(PP). Knee, hip, backward lean, foot plant, approach and take off angle showed no difference between best record and low record. Vertical impulse momentum also showed no difference between performances. Conclusion : According to a t-test result, there were significant differences in CMH at PP and jerk at touch down between best record and low record.