• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.465-470
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• 2020

Complex materials are widely used in aviation industries where lightweighting is essential because they have lighter properties than metals. However, composite materials can cause defects such as internal void formation, poor adhesive mixing, and non-adhesive parts during the production process, and there is a risk of micro-cracking and interlayer separation due to low energy impact. Therefore, a structural damage test is essential. As a result, structural integrity monitoring using FBG is drawing attention. Compared to conventional electrical sensors, FBG has the advantage of being more corrosion-resistant and multiplexed without being affected by electrical noise. However, interloggers measuring FBG are expensive and have a large disadvantage because they are made on the premise of measuring large structures. In this paper, low-cost interloggers were designed for use in unmanned or small aircraft using optical switche, WDM filter, and LTFs, and compared to conventional high-priced interrogator.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.3694-3722
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• 2022

In today's globalized world, there is no transparency in exchanging data and information between producers and consumers. However, these tasks experience many challenges, such as administrative barriers, confidential data leakage, and extensive time delays. To overcome these challenges, we propose a decentralized, secured, and verified smart chain framework using Ethereum Smart Contract which employs Inter Planetary File Systems (IPFS) and MongoDB as storage systems to automate the process and exchange information into blocks using the Tendermint algorithm. The proposed work promotes complete traceability of the product, ensures data integrity and transparency in addition to providing security to their personal information using the Lelantos mode of shipping. The Tendermint algorithm helps to speed up the process of validating and authenticating the transaction quickly. More so in this time of pandemic, it is easier to meet the needs of customers through the Ethermint Smart Chain, which increases customer satisfaction, thus boosting their confidence. Moreover, Smart contracts help to exploit more international transaction services and provide an instant block time finality of around 5 sec using Ethermint. The paper concludes with a description of product storage and distribution adopting the Ethermint technique. The proposed system was executed based on the Ethereum-Tendermint Smart chain. Experiments were conducted on variable block sizes and the number of transactions. The experimental results indicate that the proposed system seems to perform better than existing blockchain-based systems. Two configuration files were used, the first one was to describe the storage part, including its topology. The second one was a modified file to include the test rounds that Caliper should execute, including the running time and the workload content. Our findings indicate this is a promising technology for food supply chain storage and distribution.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.156-163
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• 2023

Background: Interest in digital medical information has increased because it allows doctors to easily access a patient's medical records and provide appropriate medical care. Blockchain technology ensures data safety, reliability, integrity, and transparency by distributing medical data to all users over a peer-to-peer network. This study attempted to assess pediatricians' thoughts and attitudes toward introducing blockchain technology into the medical field. Methods: This study used a questionnaire survey to examine the thoughts and attitudes of 30- to 60-year-old pediatricians regarding the introduction of blockchain technology into the medical field. Responses to each item were recorded on a scale ranging from 1 (never agree) to 7 (completely agree). Results: The scores for the intentions and expectations of using blockchain technology were 4.0 to 4.6. Pediatricians from tertiary hospitals responded more positively (4.5-4.9) to the idea of using blockchain technology for hospital work relative to the general population (4.3-4.7). However, pediatricians working in primary and secondary hospitals had a slightly negative view of the application of blockchain technology to hospital work (p=0.018). Conclusion: When introducing the medical records of related pediatric and adolescent patients using blockchain technology in the future, it would be better to conduct a pilot project that prioritizes pediatricians in tertiary hospitals. The cost, policy, and market participants' perceptions are essential factors to consider when introducing technology in the medical field.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.59-67
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• 2023

Private blockchains can apply enhanced security policies that allow only authorized users to participate in the blockchain network. In addition, when used in a career management system where the validity of an individual's career is important, it has the suitable characteristics in terms of information integrity. However, due to the excessive performance requirements of blockchain technology, identifying performance characteristics through simulation can be helpful in stable operation of the system. This paper presents research results that utilized performance evaluation results while constructing a career management system based on the Ethereum blockchain. The service not only serves as a portfolio that records personal career development activities, certification acquisition, and award results, but also provides a community function for career planning to strengthen employment competitiveness. In addition, we present how a compensation policy can be executed to encourage users to participate in career development through community activities. In particular, an appropriate compensation policy was derived by reviewing changes in performance characteristics in accordance with the transaction volume on Geth nodes.

• Advanced Industrial SCIence
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2024

Recently, the Internet of Things (IoT), which has been applied to various industrial fields, is constantly evolving in the process of automation and digitization. However, in the network where IoT devices are built, research on IoT critical information-related data sharing, personal information protection, and data integrity among intermediate nodes is still being actively studied. In this study, we propose a blockchain-based IoT critical information management technique that is easy to implement without burdening the intermediate node in the network environment where IoT is built. The proposed technique allocates a random value of a random size to the IoT critical information arriving at the intermediate node and manages it to become a decentralized P2P blockchain. In addition, the proposed technique makes it easier to manage IoT critical data by creating licenses such as time limit and device limitation according to the weight condition of IoT critical information. Performance evaluation and proposed techniques have improved delay time and processing time by 7.6% and 10.1% on average compared to existing techniques.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.185-211
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• 2016

This study examined the impact of learning organization activities on burnout and the moderating effect of supervisor trust in a learning organization. The results of the study shows that among the activities of a learning organization, independent variables in this study, promoting inquiry and dialogue as well as encouraging collaboration and team learning affect burnout. In other words, the dedication of an organization to creating a culture in which various learning approaches are experimented through questioning and giving feedback as well as collaborative learning that can reinforce the effective use of team resources have an impact on reducing emotional exhaustion, which is considered to be at the core of burnout. Plus, these factors reduce impersonalization, which is activated to prevent further emotional exhaustion by dealing with customers, colleagues and jobs in a cold, negative and perfunctory way. In this study, the dimensions of promoting inquiry and dialogue as well as encouraging collaboration and team learning were found to reduce the decline in personal sense of achievement of an employee with a negative assessment of himself or herself derived from a lack of achievement in his or her job. Supervisor trust (integrity, benevolence and ability) had a moderating effect on the relationship between strategic learning leadership and impersonalization/emotional exhaustion. This suggests that the trust of supervisor helps mediate and moderate the emotional exhaustion and impersonalization of organizational members by encouraging leaders to drive change and take the organization to a new direction. The study has provided implications that communication plays an important role in reducing burnout in the learning context such as positive, appreciative inquiry and feedback analysis to identify strength, and that supervisor trust is critical in order to ensure strategic learning leadership exerts greater influence on the organization.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.18
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• pp.91-138
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• 2008

A fast foot of information communication technology is appearing as expansion of prompt administrative service desire and national participation desire regarding administration. This is following again by government innovation and demand of customer-oriented governmental implementation with information technology. The Ministries of Education and Human Resources Development proceeded with National Education Information System(NEIS) for the aim of educational informatization at a highest global level. NEIS that was operated from 2003 established a system in Educational Offices in 16 cities/province and the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development, and connected all educational administration organizations and primary and middle schools with Internet. Thus, NEIS processes electronically the general administration affairs in educational administration organizations each unit school. The NEIS school affairs business system that is newly enforced is producing an important documentation (of semi-permanent level) such as personal information and grade of students including School Human Document with electronic methods. However, we need to guarantee authenticity, integrity, reliability and usability of documentation because school affairs business system is producing important documentation under poor circumstances. According to this necessity, school affairs business system analyzed how many a record management function includes by the ISO 15489 that was an international record managerial standard. On the basis of these analyses, I will present a plan for management of a school documentation in this study. These researches are meaningful in electronically analyzing a record management function of the National Education Information System(NEIS) and in documentarily approaching management plan. I expect theses researches to be able to used as useful data for documental management plan preparations regarding a productive documentation of all kinds of business systems using in public institutions as well as National Education Information System(NEIS).

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.59
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• pp.57-92
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• 2015

This study looked into the process by which Haseo(河西) Kim In-hoo(金麟厚:1510~1560), a neo-confucian scholar of mid Joseon Dynasty, was recognized and adored as an inheritor of traditional academic genealogy of neo-confucianism of Joseon Dynasty. I intended to examine the process of personal embodiment affected or excluded in certain manners by various materials covering the lifetime of bygone persons based on the process of such embodiment. The part related to childhood of Haseo was arranged newly to highlight solid relationship between Kim In-hoo and King Injong(仁宗). That was because Kim In-hoo raised the issue of loyalty and fidelity, one of the most important and most contentious issues at that time, in connection with reinstatement of GimyoSarim(己卯士林, progressive political faction with young officials), and King Injong was the king who reinstated Gimyo Sarim. That played a decisive role in establishing the image of Haseo, a classical scholar with unwavering integrity and loyalty. During the Late Joseon Dynasty, canonization of Haseo was made under the leadership of King Jeongjo(正祖) and Seoin(西人) in royal court. In the 17th century, Seoin scholars revised the materials related to lifetime of Kim In-hoo in various way and proofread and published the collection of literary works by Kim In-hoo. That aimed to establish scholastic system associated with Seoin and legitimacy of study as pursued by Seoin. This made progress with adoration towards scholars affiliated with Seoin, including Yulgok(栗谷) Lee Yi(李珥). Finally, King Jeongjo showed strong intention to take the lead as sovereign in the process while Haseo was canonized into national academy in the 18th century. That came from the desire to solidify his status as a teacher who took pride in taking responsibility for the dynasty's authentic study, as well as the king heading the dynasty politically.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.65-88
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• 2008

Since the implementation of economic reforms in 1978, the Chinese economy grows rapidly at an average annul growth rate of 9% over the post two decades. Franchising has been widely recognized as an important source of entrepreneurial activity. Trust is important in that it facilitates relational exchanges by permits partners to transcend short-run inequities or risks to concentrate on long-term profits or gains. In the relationship between the franchisors and franchisees, trust has been described as an important source of competitive advantage. However, little research has been done on the factors affecting trust in Chinese franchisor-franchisee relationships. The purpose of this study is to investigate what factors affect the trust in the franchise system in China, and to provide guidelines and insights to franchisors which enter Chinese market. In this study, according to Morgan and Hunt (1994), trust is defined as the extending when one party has confidence in an exchange partner's reliability and integrity. We offered a conceptual model of the empirical study. The model shows that the factors affecting the trust include franchisor's supports, communication, satisfaction with previous outcome and conflict. We also suggested the franchisor's supports and communication like to enhance the franchisee's satisfaction with previous outcome, and the franchisor's supports, communication and he franchisee's satisfaction with previous outcome tend to decrease conflict. Before the formal study, a pretest involving exploratory interviews with owners from three franchisees was conducted to make sure the questionnaire was relevant and clear to the respondents. The data were collected using trained interviewers to carry out personal interviews with the aid of an unidentified, muti-page, structured questionnaire. The respondents comprised of owners, managers, and owner managers of franchisee-owned food service franchises located in Beijing, China. Even though a total of 256 potential franchises were initially contacted, the finally usable sample consisted of 125 respondents. As expected, the sampling method was successful in soliciting respondents with waried personal and firm characteristics. Self-administrated questionnaires were used for all measures. And established scales were used to measure the latent constructs in this study. The measures tapped the franchisees' perceptions of the relationship with the referent franchisor. Five-point Likert-type scales ranging from "strongly disagree" (=1) to "strongly agree" (=7) were used throughout the constructs (trust, eight items; support, five items; communication, four items; satisfaction, six items; conflict, three items). The reliability measurements traditionally employed, such as the Cronbach's alpha, were used. All the reliabilities were greater than.80. The proposed measurement model was estimated using SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 5.0 analysis package. We conducted A series of exploratory factor analyses and confirmatory factor analyses to assess the convergent validity, discriminant validity, and reliability. The results indicate reasonable overall fits between the model and the observed data. The overall fit of measurement model were $X^2$= 159.699, p=0.004, d.f. = 116, GFI =.879, NFI =.898, CFI =.969, IFI =.970, TLI =.959, RMR =.058. The results demonstrated that the data reasonably fitted the model. We also examined construct reliability and reliability and average variance extracted (AVE). The construct reliability of each construct was greater than.80 and the AVE of each construct was greater than.50. According to the analysis of Structure Equation Modeling (SEM), the results of path model indicated an adequate fit of the model: $X^2$= 142.126, p = 0.044, d.f. = 115, GFI =.892, NFI =.909, CFI =.981, IFI =.981, TLI =.974, RMR =.057. As hypothesized, the results showed that it is strategically important to establish trust in a franchise system, and the franchisor's supports, communication and satisfaction with previous outcome tend to reinforce franchisee's trust. The results also showed trust seems to decrease as the experience of conflict episodes increases. And we also noticed that franchisor's supports and communication tend to enhance the franchisee's satisfaction with previous outcome, and communication tend to decrease conflict. If the trust between the franchisor and franchisee can be established in a franchise system, franchising offers many benefits and reduces many costs. To manage a mutual trust of relationship with their franchisees, franchisor's should provide support effectively to their franchisees. Effective assistant services have direct effect on franchisees' satisfaction with previous outcome and trust in franchisor. Especially, franchise sales process, orientation, and training in the start-up period are key elements for success of the franchise system. Franchisor's support is an accumulated separate satisfaction evaluation with different kind of service provided by the franchisor. And providing support definitely can improve the trustworthy image of the franchisor. In the franchise system, conflicts of interests and exertions of different power sources are very common. The experience of conflict episodes seems to negatively relate to trust. Therefore, it is important to reduce the negative side of the relationship conflicts. Communication actually plays a broader role in reducing conflict and establish mutual trust in franchisor-franchisee relationship. And effective communication between franchisors and franchisees can improve franchisees' satisfaction toward the franchise system. As the diversification of Chinese markets, both franchisors and franchisees must keep the relevant, timely, and reliable communication. And it is very important to improve the quality of communication. Satisfaction with precious outcomes seems to positively relate to trust. Franchisors and franchisees that are highly satisfied with the previous outcomes that flow from their relationship will perceive their partner as advancing their goal achievement. Therefore, it is necessary for both franchisor and their franchisees to make the welfare of partner with effort. Little literature has focused on what factors affect the trust between franchisors and their franchisees in China. This study developed the hypotheses regarding the factors affecting trust in the transaction relationship. The results of data analysis supported the hypotheses strongly. There are certain limitations in this study. First, we may point out that some other factors missed in this study could be significantly important. Second, the context of this study, food service industry, limits its potential generalizability for all franchise systems. More studies in different categories of franchise system are needed to broaden its generalizability. Third, the model was tested empirically in a sample in Beijing, more empirical tests of the proposed model in other Chinese areas are needed. Finally, the analysis in this study was solely based on the perception of franchisees and the opinions of franchisors were not included.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.36
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• pp.417-442
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• 2013

This study considers the characteristics of the separation of public and private security service during Koryo dynasty, and compares it with the modern security service. Modern day security service's definition of private and public security service was used to distinguish them. Given the different historical settings, it's difficult to argue that the distinction between public and private service during Koryo dynasty was clear, but it can be said that public security service was centered around palace guard and concerns the activities of protest, and military made for the relationship, and private security service was centered around power of DoBang and includes the activities of malingering, and Byolchogun. During the early days of Koryo, protest, district military and soldiers who stay in the palace were all parts of a palace revolt and this institutional improvement of soldiers who stay in the palace was accomplished during King Seongjong's rule. The tradition of a palace revolt can find its roots in the middle military, and after the unification, a palace revolt was reformed into the king's palace revolt of second and the 6th along the course of establishing the nation's system. All of the changes stem from the reformation for consolidating the royal authority. Gyung Dae Seoung wanted to protect himself and he slept with his army night and days and because of that, group of soldiers was created and it was called DOBANG. Some members were from dobang gyeonryong, The forced were powerful because it was gathered with a warriors with extraordinaire martial arts and competent management. Most of the soldiers followed gyeong dae seung because they believed that he has a strong leadership and loves his people, and had a strong faith in him. However, the general gyeong jang had a belief that politics must be reverted to the previous so the relationships between jungbang wasn't smooth. Because of the economic operational problems, due to fraud committed by the mens under his command failed to maintain integrity and was criticised.The misconception also fed up with the emperor and the deepening relationships between the soldiers, his dobang was dismantled. After he took over the dobang, for his personal safety and to strengthen his position he compensated gyeon dae seong's dobang and developed the organization. In the process of extending the dobang Choi chung heon recruited many talented people to strengthen the military base, and also accepted the advice and expanded the power of Dobang. Choi Chung Heon thus consolidated his political gains by weakening the power of the king's army and adjusting the myth, which could've threatened his regime, and this was called Dobang number 6th. Dobang number six got even more powerful by his son named Choi woo, and after ruling, he expanded into a room, and a substantial reorganization of Dobang was developed. And then the creation of yabyeolcho also showed the effect to prevent the crisis. Although the palace guards who were public security service of Koryo Dynasty was still maintained during the military rule era when the royal authority was incapacitated, it was only maintained to have a symbolic meaning as the actual authority including military power was with Choi, the master of Dobang, private security service group. Likewise, during the rule of Choi, private securty service could reign over public security service, and the noteworthy characteristic of Dobang is that it assisted the private soldier groups to seize the military power by reorganizing and modifying military system. Although both differences and similarities can be found when comparing the guards of Koryo Dynasty with those of contemporary society, they have a similarity in terms of the essence of guards that they guarantee the safety of their clients. As for differences, the royalty of Koryo Dynasty and the pursuit of profit of contemporary society are in contrast, and contemporary guards can be seen as the fulfillment of responsibility and duty by free will, whereas guards of Koryo Dynasty were ruled with military coercion.