• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.35 no.10
• /
• pp.616-626
• /
• 2008

The face shape extracted by the depth values has different appearance as the most important facial feature information and the face images decomposed into frequency subband are signified personal features in detail. In this paper, we develop a method for recognizing the range face images by combining the multiple frequency domains for each depth image and depth fusion using fuzzy integral. For the proposed approach, the first step tries to find the nose tip that has a protrusion shape on the face from the extracted face area. It is used as the reference point to normalize for orientated facial pose and extract multiple areas by the depth threshold values. In the second step, we adopt as features for the authentication problem the wavelet coefficient extracted from some wavelet subband to use feature information. The third step of approach concerns the application of eigenface and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) method to reduce the dimension and classify. In the last step, the aggregation of the individual classifiers using the fuzzy integral is explained for extracted coefficient at each resolution level. In the experimental results, using the depth threshold value 60 (DT60) show the highest recognition rate among the regions, and the depth fusion method achieves 98.6% recognition rate, incase of fuzzy integral.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.513-522
• /
• 2010

Objectives : This study aimed to determine self-esteem and oral health impact profile (OHIP) of orthodontic patients to get data necessary for the process of consultation, education, and treatment for those patients who hoped to get orthodontic therapy in order to see effects of orthodontic therapy on personal life in consideration of general characteristics of those patients under orthodontic therapy. methods : A self-administered questionnaire was used among 232 outpatients under orthodontic therapy from October to November 2009, obtaining the following results. Results : 1. As for general characteristics of respondents, those under 19 years of age constituted 46.6%; the unmarried comprised 85.8%; and students constituted 53.4%. 2. Most respondents were getting orthodontic therapy for beauty (41.8%) and dental health (40.5%). Family (54.3%) contributed to their decision to get orthodontic therapy; parents or siblings (62.5%) were bearing the treatment expenses. 3. Females were getting orthodontic therapy for an aesthetic purpose (50.3%), and male for the purpose of dental health (44.6%) (P<0.01). 4. OHIP was slightly higher among males ($4.10{\pm}0.61$) than among female ($4.00{\pm}0.78$), and was highest among those 19 years old and under ($4.17{\pm}0.67$); the older they were, the lower it was significantly (P<0.05). Most of them were earning 3 to 4 million won ($4.22{\pm}0.72$); the married ($4.05{\pm}0.74$) constituted higher percentage. As for occupation, students ($4.13{\pm}0.66$) comprised the highest percentage. 5. Self-esteem was higher among males ($3.83{\pm}0.47$) than among females ($3.80{\pm}0.50$), and was highest among those 25 to 29 years old ($3.92{\pm}0.46$). Most of them were earning more than 5 million won ($3.91{\pm}0.42$), which was statistically significant (P<0.01). The married ($3.91{\pm}0.54$) constituted higher percentage than the unmarried ($3.80{\pm}0.48$); office managers ($3.95{\pm}0.55$) comprised the highest percentage. 6. As for correlation between variables effecting OHIP of orthodontic patients, there was negative correlation in age (r=-0.225) and positive correlation in occupation (r=0.122). As for correlation between variables effecting self-esteem of orthodontic patients, there was negative correlation in occupation (r=-0.130) and positive correlation n income (0.126), while there was positive correlation (r=0.202) between OHIP and self-esteem of orthodontic patients. Conclusions : Younger orthodontic patients who were students showed higher OHIP, and professionals earning more showed higher self-esteem. Orthodontic patients with higher OHIP showed higher self-esteem. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a program based on OHIP and self-esteem in consulting and treating orthodontic patients; since it is considered that orthodontic therapy will improve appearance, enhance self-confidence, and have positive effects on interpersonal relationships and quality of living, researches are necessary on constant changes in psychological properties.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.361-370
• /
• 2011

We explore the priority between product attributes such as aesthetics and usability in consumer decision-making. In the recent study in Germany, consumers preferred a visually beautiful product but discounted the value of aesthetics in actual product choice (Diefenbach & Hassenzahl, 2009). In contrast to the individualistic culture which values personal needs(e.g., Germany), recognition from other members has great importance in the collectivistic culture (e.g., Korea). We propose that Korean consumers weigh greater value on the attribute easily perceived from the product appearance (i.e., aesthetics). We replicated the procedure of the study conducted in Germany. As expected, participants highly valued aesthetics rather than usability in product choice. As for aesthetics, participants were likely to choose an expensive but beautiful product; on the contrary a less expensive and less usable product were likely to be chosen as for usability (Study 1). Moreover, usability was sacrificed for aesthetics in the trade-off condition (Study 2). The participants who chose the beautiful product reported higher social recognition desire whereas no difference was shown with respect to usability.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.710-725
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze both residential conditions and the resident impressions of the transition zone of central Daegu. The results drawn from a questionnaire survey of the residents are summarized as follows: 1) The proportion of people over the age of 60 living on a low income is high and consists mostly of retired citizens who have lived in the transition zone, in their own homes, for an extended length of time 2) The condition of infrastructure in the transition zone is very poor, however, despite the housing deterioration, the internal repair and maintenance of houses is more satisfactory than their external appearance. 3) Residential satisfaction received high ratings in every category except pollution and housing price. This response appears to stem from the easy commute of residents as well as the ready availability of facilities in the city center. 4) In terms of residential satisfaction, the residents can be divided into two groups. The first, with a high satisfaction rate, consists mainly of senior citizens who possess both personal homes and a stable living, having resided in the city center for most of their lives. The second, with a lower satisfaction rate, is composed mostly of younger residents who have lived temporarily in inexpensive rental homes. As a results, the residential area in the transition zone of central Daegu does not appear to be a problematic area like the slum of the West, but instead a stable settlement for its residents.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.11 no.11
• /
• pp.1501-1514
• /
• 2008

The face shape extracted by the depth values has different appearance as the most important facial information. The face images decomposed into frequency subband are signified personal features in detail. In this paper, we develop a method for recognizing the range face images by multiple frequency domains for each depth image using the modified fuzzy c-mean algorithm. For the proposed approach, the first step tries to find the nose tip that has a protrusion shape on the face from the extracted face area. And the second step takes into consideration of the orientated frontal posture to normalize. Multiple contour line areas which have a different shape for each person are extracted by the depth threshold values from the reference point, nose tip. And then, the frequency component extracted from the wavelet subband can be adopted as feature information for the authentication problems. The third step of approach concerns the application of eigenface to reduce the dimension. And the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) method to improve the classification ability between the similar features is adapted. In the last step, the individual classifiers using the modified fuzzy c-mean method based on the K-NN to initialize the membership degree is explained for extracted coefficient at each resolution level. In the experimental results, using the depth threshold value 60 (DT60) showed the highest recognition rate among the extracted regions, and the proposed classification method achieved 98.3% recognition rate, incase of fuzzy cluster.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.45-55
• /
• 2013

Purpose - The development and implementation of OSS (Open Source Software) led to a dramatic change in corporate IT infrastructure, from system server to smart phone, because the performance, reliability, and security functions of OSS are comparable to those of commercial software. Today, OSS has become an indispensable tool to cope with the competitive business environment and the constantly-evolving IT environment. However, the use of OSS is insufficient in small and medium-sized companies and software houses. This study examines the need for OSS Intermediaries in the Software Distribution Channel. It is expected that the role of the OSS Intermediary will be reduced with the improvement of the distribution process. The purpose of this research is to prove that OSS Intermediaries increase the efficiency of the software distribution market. Research design, Data, and Methodology - This study presents the analysis of data gathered online to determine the extent of the impact of the intermediaries on the OSS market. Data was collected using an online survey, conducted by building a personal search robot (web crawler). The survey period lasted 9 days during which a total of 233,021 data points were gathered from sourceforge.net and Apple's App store, the two most popular software intermediaries in the world. The data collected was analyzed using Google's Motion Chart. Results - The study found that, beginning 2006, the production of OSS in the Sourceforge.net increased rapidly across the board, but in the second half of 2009, it dropped sharply. There are many events that can explain this causality; however, we found an appropriate event to explain the effect. It was seen that during the same period of time, the monthly production of OSS in the App store was increasing quickly. The App store showed a contrasting trend to software production. Our follow-up analysis suggests that appropriate intermediaries like App store can enlarge the OSS market. The increase was caused by the appearance of B2C software intermediaries like App store. The results imply that OSS intermediaries can accelerate OSS software distribution, while development of a better online market is critical for corporate users. Conclusion - In this study, we analyzed 233,021 data points on the online software marketplace at Sourceforge.net. It indicates that OSS Intermediaries are needed in the software distribution market for its vitality. It is also critical that OSS intermediaries should satisfy certain qualifications to play a key role as market makers. This study has several interesting implications. One implication of this research is that the OSS intermediary should make an effort to create a complementary relationship between OSS and Proprietary Software. The second implication is that the OSS intermediary must possess a business model that shares the benefits with all the participants (developer, intermediary, and users).The third implication is that the intermediary provides an OSS of high quality like proprietary software with a high level of complexity. Thus, it is worthwhile to examine this study, which proves that the open source software intermediaries are essential in the software distribution channel.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.30-50
• /
• 2007

1. Objectives Facial features are the important personal characteristics. As a study of all the standardization research about the morphology of face and head, this study was carried out to find the differences according to sex, age. 2. Methods We have collected 1140 cases of patients of the Sasang constitutional Department of Kyung-Hee Medical Center and Kangnam Kyung-Hee Oriental Hospital. we took pictures their frontal view, lateral view of face and measured height, breaths and projected length of face with Face Features Measurement Program(FFMP) and analyzed shape differences of face according to sex, age. 3. Results We got the morphologic characteristics of face according to sex, age. And we will upgrade the Sasangin Classification System by this Morphologic study of Head and Face. 4. Conclusions 1) The morphologic characteristics of face according to sex (1) A man's head is longer and wider than a woman's in most measurement. (2) A woman's eye is bigger in height than man's. (3) A woman's face is looked full-filled than man's. (4) A man's polion is higher than pupil but a woman's polion is lower than pupil. 2) The morphologic characteristics of face according to age (1) Young age's forehead is longer and higher than old age's. (2) Young age's eyebrow is wider than old age's (3) Young age's eye is bigger in height than old age's (4) Old age's nose is longer, wider and lower than young age's (5) Old age's ear is longer than young age's (6) Old age's bigonial breath is wider than young age's (7) Old age's low face is extinguished than you age's

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.41-57
• /
• 2016

This study aimed at developing a family life education program to assist North Korean defector adolescents in their acculturation and adjustment process into South Korea. The program focused on building positive social relationships and managing healthy living, to allow them to develop appropriate skills needed to achieve social self-sufficiency. Researchers conducted interviews with defector adolescents as well as teachers of charter schools for defector students in order to identify the adolescents' needs. The contents of the program were carefully chosen to reflect the needs identified through the interviews. The program provides hands-on projects that are relevant to students' lives and consists of 10 study units that deal with different aspects of family life: food and dietary life, appearance and clothing, housing and community life, family and personal relationships, consumption, etc. The program was implemented in September through December, 2015, at Yeomyung School, which is an alternative highschool for North Korean defector adolescents. The program is expected to help North Korean defector students adopt the skills by experience and apply them in their daily life situations.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.134-145
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study is to present the functional and technical solutions for text learning of web-based textbook in which each letter has its own focal point. The solutions help learners not to lose the main focus when eye moves to the next letter or line. The text screen of the electronic textbook automatically scrolls the text to up and down or left and right directions which are preassigned by learner. It doesn't need the operation of mouse or keyboard. And learner can change scroll speed and types anytime during scrolling. Automatic text scroll function is a solution for controlling data and screen to reflect the personal favor and ability. It contains the content structure of the text(characteristics, categorizations etc.), the appearance of the text(density, size, font etc.), scroll options(scroll, speed etc.), program control type(ram resident program etc.), and the application of the screen design principles(legibility etc.). To resolve these functional problems, technical 8 phases are provided, which are environment setting, scroll option setting, copy, data analysis, scroll coding, centered focus coding, left and right focus coding, implementation. The learner can focus on text without dispersion because the text focal points stay in the fixed area of screen. 1bey read the text following their preferences for fonts, sizes, line spacing and so on.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2013.05a
• /
• pp.666-668
• /
• 2013

Recently, the kind and number of malicious code, which operates in Operation System of smart devices, are rapidly increasing along with the fast supplement of smart devices. Especially, smart devices based on Android OS have high potential of danger to expose to malicious code as it has an easy access to system authority. When using intent, the global message system provided from Android, inter approach between applications is available, and possible to access to created data by the device. Intent provides convenience to application development in the aspect of reusability of component however, it could be appointed as a risk element in security-wise. Therefore, if intent is used in malicious purpose, it is easy to lead the condition where is weak on security. That is, it is possible to control as accessing to resources which application is carrying to operate by receiving intents as making smart device uncontrollable or consuming system resources. Especially, in case of system authority is achieved, the risks such as smart device control or personal information exposure become bigger when misusing broadcast intent through malicious code. This paper proposes a corresponding method of security vulnerability of Android intent that monitors the appearance of intent with intent pattern inspection, detects and blocks unidentified pattern intent.