• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권10호
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• pp.1583-1587
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 어린감과 성숙감의 탄닌 함량 및 담즙산과의 결합능력을 비교 조사하였다. 또한 사람의 장내 세포인 Caco-2 cell에 어린감과 성숙감 추출물을 처리한 후 고농도의 DCA로 자극시켜 생성되는 NO의 수준과 TEER의 차이를 확인하였다. 탄닌 함량과 담즙산의 결합능력은 성숙감에 비해 어린감에서 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났으며 어린감 산성 에탄올 추출물에서 유의적으로 가장 높은 탄닌 함량 및 담즙산 결합능력을 보였다. NO 생성 억제능으로 확인한 염증반응에서도 어린감 산성 에탄올 추출물이 유의적으로 가장 높은 효과를 보였으며 DCA에 의해 유도된 장세포 간극의 느슨함을 유의하게 막아줄 수 있음이 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 어린감의 산성 에탄올 추출물은 고지방 식사를 통해 고농도로 축적되는 담즙산에 의해 형성된 유해한 장내 환경을 건강하게 유지시켜줄 수 있는 기능성 소재로 개발할 가능성이 있음이 확인되었다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.476-485
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of persimmon juice and hibiscus flowers extract to perform combination dyeing of silk fabrics, with respect to color changes, fastness, and functionality. The optimal conditions as a result, were shown at 100% of dye concentration, $40^{\circ}C$ of dyeing temperature and 30 minutes of dyeing time while in terms of dye uptake depending on the kind of mordants and methods. The highest K/S value was recorded at pH 3, pre-mordants of $CuSO_4$, and $SnCl_2$, post-mordanting. After repeated dyeing and post-mordanting, various color change occurred with mordant treatments. Color fastness of dyed fabrics with hibiscus flowers extract was improve considerably by combination dyeing with persimmon juice extract. In aspects of functional properties, it showed excellent results of 99% deodorization rate, 99.9% Staphylococcus aureus rate and 99.9% Klebsiella pneumoniae.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.646-652
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• 2017

In order to clarify an availability of water treatment for persimmon extract dyeing, effect of color developing by water treatment process on cotton fabrics dyed with persimmon extract was investigated. Dyed fabrics were dipped still water and circulation water in various temperature. Concerning water color developing, still water color developing and circulation water color developing have been examined, and the temperature of water has been apprehended to prepare an effective basis of water color development. The surface color based on circulation water color development displays low values of $a^{\ast}$ and $b^{\ast}$, and the range of the c value(Munsell chroma) is narrow and has the value of 2 to 3, thus displays the coloration of a dark tone. The effect of temperature in water color development was insignificant, due to the small difference in temperature from $20^{\circ}C$ to $40^{\circ}C$. At $80^{\circ}C$, remarkable color development manifested, which is evidence of the high influence of temperature. The effects of circulation were clear at low temperatures, and the effects of temperature highly manifested at high temperatures. Circulation water color development display great color development at all temperatures to allow industrial color development with the absence of sunlight, thereby having an effect of energy reduction and developing color in dark tones, however this also is a strength of persimmon extract concerning color diversification, and is judged to have great value of industrial and practical application.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.499-512
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate effects of dried leaf powders, water, 75% and 95% ethanol extracts of persimmon leaf and green tea on lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activity in 12-month-old rats. Fifty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 542$\pm$4.5g were blocked into groups according to their body weight and were raised for four weeks with the diets containing 5%(w/w) dried leaf powders of persimmon(Diospyros kaki Thunb) and green tea(Camellia Sinensis O. Ktze), water or 75% and 95% ethanol extracts from same amount of each dried tea powder. Food intake was not significantly different among all groups, but weight gain of green tea powder group was significantly lower than that of control group. Plasma and liver lipid levels of all the tea diet groups were lower than those of control group. Especially, 75% ethanol extract of persimmon leaf decreased total lipid and triglyceride concentrations in plasma and 95% ethanol extract of persimmon leaf decreased liver total lipid level. However, there was no difference between 75% ethanol extracts groups and 95% ethanol extracts groups in lipid metabolism. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase activities in erythrocyte were remarkably increased by all the green tea diets. SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in liver were increased by the feeding of ethanol extracts from green tea and persimmon leaf powder. Liver xanthine oxidase activity was not different among all groups. Plasma Thiobarbirutic acid reactive substance(TBARS) concentrations of all the green tea diet groups were significantly low. It was thought that high flavonoids in green tea inhibited plasma lipid peroxidation by promoting SOD, catalase activities in erythrocyte. 95% ethanol extract of persimmon leaf also inhibited plasma lipid peroxidation by high vitamin E and beta-carotene. Persimmon leaf powder decreased liver TBARS concentration by vitamin E, betacarotene and vitamin C and by increasing activities of antioxidative enzymes with flavonoids. In conclusion, dried leaf powders, water, 75% and 95% ethanol extracts of persimmon leaf and green tea were effective in lowering lipid levels and inhibiting lipid peroxidation in 12-month-old rats. Above all, ethanol extracts of persimmon leaf decreased plasma and liver lipid levels and persimmon leaf powder effectively inhibited liver lipid peroxidation. Extracts of green tea leaf inhibited plasma lipid peroxidation. In lowering lipid levels and inhibiting lipid peroxidation, ethanol extracts were more effective than water extracts, but there was no difference between 75% ethanol extracts and 95% ethanol extracts in lipid metabolism. (Korean J Nutrition 34(5) : 499~512, 2001)

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.171-178
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• 1996

This study was carried out for the purpose of improving the persimmon vinegar. The acetic acid bacteria strain JST-3, using acetic acid fermentation was isolated from the traditional persimmon vinegar. The optimum conditions for high yield of acetic acid were studied in the shaking bath. Acetic acid bacteria was cultured at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 4 days and transferred to persimmon alcoholic juice for acetic acid fermentation. The optimum initial acidity for acetic acrid fermentation was 1%(w/v) and the addition of glucose or yeast extract was observed to produce relatively low yield of acetic acid. Succinic and acetic acid were major organic acid in the persimmon vinegar, The contents of lactic acid which was known to increase off-flavor were very low. Sensory evaluation revealed that the persimmon vinegar prepared in this study was superior to two commercial ones in the aroma and taste.

• 생약학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.182-187
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate glutathione S-transferase(GST) activity, tyrosinase inhibitory effect and elastase inhibitory effect in persimmon calyx(calyx of Diospyros kaki Thunberg) for screening of functional materials from natural products. As a result, EtOAc extract of persimmon calyx turned out to be having tyrosinase inhibitory effect and elastase inhibitory effect. The active constituents of tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory effect were isolated from EtOAc extract of persimmon calyx. Their structure of compounds were identified as ursolic acid and (-)-daucosterol by spectroscopic evidence, respectively.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.881-887
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• 2000

The antimutagenic effects of persimmon leaf tea extract (PLTE) at concentration levels consumed by human were examined in mice using micronuleus induction with MMC(mitomycin C) or 4-NQO (4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide). When mice received oral gavage of 10 equivalent to PLTE 24 hr and 6 hr before, and 5 equivalent to PLTE 6 hr before and 3 hr after intraperitoneal injection of MMC, a significant decrease in the frequency of micronuclei were observed. The induction of micronuclei by 4-NQO was suppressed by oral dosage of PLTE at 5 equivalent to PLTE 6 hr before and 3 hr after, 10 equivalent to PLTE 3 hr before and 3 hr after intraperitoneal injection of MMC. Though the components of PLTE have not been analyzed so far, our present results suggest the existence of several bio-antimutagens and/or desmutagens in PLTE, beside catechin, well-known antimutagen.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

This study investigated the effects of persimmon-dyed clothing materials upon thermophysiological responses and subjective comfort sensations during exercise and rest in a warm environment. Six healthy, untrained women participated in two separate testing sessions, with cotton materials dyed with astringent persimmon extract (DC) and undyed cotton materials (UDC). The physical characteristics associated with heat and moisture transfer were improved in DC; also, stiffness, anti-drapery stiffness and crispness in the primary hand values were higher in DC. The experimental protocol consisted of a 10-min rest, 15-min exercise on a treadmill (at ${7km{\cdot}h^{-1}}$) and 25-min recovery at $28{\pm}0.2^{\circ}C$ and $50{\pm}3%\;RH$. The results were as follows: When wearing DC rather than UDC, mean body temperature, heart rate, heat storage and body mass loss were significantly lower during the whole experimental period. Clothing microclimate temperature showed different profiles between the two clothing materials, being lower with DC than UDC during the first half of exercise and the second half of recovery. Clothing microclimate humidity was significantly lower with DC than UDC during the whole experimental period. When wearing UDC, subjects felt significantly warmer and less comfortable during exercise, and sensed greater humidity during exercise and recovery. These results suggest that eco-friendly clothing materials dyed with astringent persimmon extract can reduce exercise-induced heat load and improve subjective sensations when exercising and resting in a warm environment, due to greater heat dissipation from the body to the outside environment compared with undyed clothing materials.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2013

In order to examine the availability of color developing for prepared persimmon extract powder dyes, purified and freeze-dried powder from immature persimmon fruit. The cotton fabrics dyed with 1% concentration of powder dyes. This study was conducted to examine into the color developing effects of the powder dye for the dyed cotton fabrics irradiated with xenon light. Powder dye is difficult to dissolve in water resulting in a colloidal and viscous solution. The problem of solubility in water was resolved by setting the dyeing conditions by wetting the dye with alcohol in advance and dissolving in warm water($50{\sim}60^{\circ}C$). Samples had no alkaline conversion in making process of powder dyes showed high color developing effect(${\Delta}E^*$, K/S). Samples showed decreased ${\Delta}E^*$, K/S with increased alkaline conversion in making process of powder dyes. Samples that had alkaline effects displayed easy early color developing to be advantageous in the process of natural pattern in art work.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.334-339
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• 1993

Sarcoma 180 복수형 종양세포를 생쥐의 왼쪽 서혜부에 이식한 후 감잎에서 분리한 tannin. chloroform fraction 추출물 및 2, 4-decadienal을 복강 내에 각각 단독투여하여 그 효과를 형태학적으로 검토하였다. 이식된 sarcoma 180 육종에서 암화의 진행을 지연시키는데는 tannin 투여시에 가장 효과적이었고 chloroform fraction 추출물 및 2, 4-decadienal 투여시에는 형태적으로 간주할 수 있는 지연효과는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 감잎 tannin 은 종양세포를 선택적으로 파괴하여 종양의 증식을 억제하는 것이 아니라 일종의 혐기상태의 세포 환경에서 종양을 괴사과정으로 유도하지 않고, 발암성을 가지는 단백질과 같은 물질의 합성을 저해하거나 또는 자식작용을 가진 과립들로 하여금 이들을 소화시켜 이식된 종양세포를 악성종양으로 유도하는 과정을 지연시키는 효과를 나타내었다.