• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2000

The resistance of Cornyza bonariensis to herbicide paraquat was investigated by evaluating the activities of three enzymes concerning in scavenging paraquat-generated toxic oxygen species such as superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide in resistant and susceptible biotypes. Conyza bonariensis inhabited in cultivated area was more tolerant to paraquat than that of uncultivated area. This is the first report that a biotype of Cornyza bonariensis has appeared in an area with repeated paraquat treatments of Korea. Superoxide dismutase activity of resistant biotype was 20% higher as 150 than that of susceptible biotype. Ascorbate peroxidase activity of resistant biotype was 44% higher than that of susceptible biotype. Glutathione reductase activity of resistant biotype was 64% higher than that of susceptible biotype. It can be concluded from above results that the resistance of Conyza bonariensis to paraquat depends partially on the toxic oxygen species-scavenging efficiency of protective multienzymatic system which is composed of three enzymes, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.428-436
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• 2010

Sea-urchins (Anthocidaris crassispina) are widely distributed in the East Sea of Korea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of sea-urchin roe on bromobenzene (BB)-induced liver damage in rats. The antioxidative and detoxifying properties of sea-urchin roe in BB-poisoned rat liver was examined by chemical analysis of serum aminotransferase (AST, ALT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), $\gamma$-glutamylcystein synthetase, glutathione reductase, epoxide hydrolase, amino-N-demethylase (AD), aniline hydrolase (AH) enzyme activity, as well as lipid peroxide and glutathione contents. Sea-urchin roe inhibited the increase of serum AST, ALT enzyme activity. Increasing lipid peroxide contents and AD and AH activities were significantly decreased in ethanol extract of sea-urchin roe. GST, $\gamma$-glutamylcystein synthetase, glutathione reductase and epoxide hydrolase enzyme activities increased in sea-urchin roe-fed group, compared with the BB-treated group. These results suggest that sea-urchin roe facilitates recovery from liver damage by enhancing antioxidative defense mechanisms and hepatic detoxication metabolism.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.689-710
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• 1999

Bobitang(BBT) is one of the most important prescription that has been used in oriental medicine(dongyibogam) for recovering spleen condition. The study was done to evaluate effects of BBT water extract on the spleen lipid peroxide content and metabolic enzyme system changes. After pretreatment of BBT I (100mg/kg), BBT II(250mg/kg), BBT III(350mg/kg), BBT IV(500mg/kg) for 1 week, lipid peroxide content and metabolic enzyme system changes of the spleen was measured in 8 months rats. The results were obtained as follows : 1. The content of spleen lipid peroxide was significantly decreased in all experimental groups as compared with control, and best in BBT III IV treated groups. 2. The activity of spleen superoxide generation was significantly decreased in all experimental groups as compared with control, and best in BBT IV III treated groups. 3. The activity of cytochrome P-450 and aminopyrine demethylase wasn't significant change. 4. The activity of aniline hydroxylase was significantly decreased in BBT IV II treated groups, xanthine oxidase was significantly decreased in all experimental groups, aldehyde oxidase was significantly decreased in BBT IV treated group as compared with control. 5. The activity of antioxidant enzymes as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase was significantly increased in all experimental groups as compared with control. 6. The activity of glutathion S-transferase was significantly increased in all experimental groups, the concentration of spleen glutathione was significantly increased in BBT IV treated group as compared with control. 7. The activity of ${\gamma}$ -glutamylcystein synthetase was significantly increased in BBT III IV I treated groups as compared with control, the activity of glutathione reductase wasn't significant change. From the above results, BBT is cosidered to have effect of remove peroxide content and free radical that was made during ageing process. It is expected that treatment of BBT can be applied in future clinical study of delaying the ageing process.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.39-50
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• 1997

This experiment was to investigate the antioxidant effect of Sesimtang(SST) on brain tissues of mouse. The experimental groups were divided into three groups and treated ad follows for 15 days ; Normal group(NC), Vt.E admistrated group(PC), SST administrated Group(SST). After the extracting microsome from brain of mouse, those were measured the amounts of oxidant materials like MDA(malonaldehyde) and $H_2O_2$, then activities of antioxidant enzymes like SOD(superoxide dismutase), catalase, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. The results were as follows; 1. In TBA reaction to measure the amount of MDA, oxidant material of brain tissue of aged rat, both treated groups showed significant decrease. 2. Hydrogen peroxide formation was showed significant decrease in both treated groups than normal group. 3. Superoxide dismutase activity was increased in both treated groups than normal group, and showed little change in SST administrated group than normal group. 4. Catalase activity was increased in both treated groups than normal group. 5. NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase activity was increased in both treated groups than normal group.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-57
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• 1998

The effect of HWANSODAN(HSD), on the level of brain antioxidants was examined in aged rat. The experimental groups were divided into three groups and treated as follows ; normal group(negative control), Vt.E administrated Group(HSD). The purified microsome from brain tissue, those were measired the amounts of oxidant materials like Malonfialdehyde(MDA) and H2O2, then activities of antioxidants enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase.The results were as follows;1. In TBA reaction to measure the amount of MDA, HSD group and Vt.E group did not showed signigicant decrease.2. In the formation of Hydrogen peroxide, HSD group and Vt.E group showed a little increase.3. The activity of Superoxide dismutase was increased significantly in HSD group and Vt.E group.4. In the activity of Catalase, Vt.E group was increased significantly and HSD group a little increased. 5. The activity of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase in the HSD group and Vt.E group showed significantly increase.According to the above results, it is suggested that HWANSODAN(HSD) has some antioxidant effects on the tissue of brain.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.59-71
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• 1998

The effect of Samyonjihwangtang(SJT) on th level of brain antioxidants was examined in aged rat. Samyongjihwangtang(SJT) is assed Cervi Pantiri-chum Cornu, Ginseng Radix to Yukmijihwangtang. The experimental groups were divided into three groups and treated as follows ; normal group(NC), Vt.E administrated group(PC), SJT administrated Group(SJT). From the purified microsome of brain tissue, those were measures the amounts of oxidant materials like malonaldehyde(MDA) and H_2O_2, then activities of antioxidants enxymes like Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase.The results were as follows;1. In TBA reaction to measure the amount of MDA, oxidant material of brain tissue of aged rat, both treated groups showed significant decrease.2. In the formation of Hydrogen peroxide, the treated group(SJT) showed a little decrease.3. The activity of Superoxide dismutase was increased significantly in both treated groups than normal group.4. the activity of Catalase was increased significantly in both treated groups than normal group. 5. The activity of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase in the treated group(SJT) showed a little increase.According to the above results, it is suggested that Samyongjihwangtag(SJT) has some antioxidant effects on the tissue of brain.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.775-782
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• 2011

In this study, the antioxidant activity of methanol extracts and fractions from papaya seed were investigated in vitro. Total polyphenol contents of methanol extracts and fractions from papaya seed varied from 17.74 to 125.99 ${\mu}g/mg$ and total flavonoid contents varied from 1.60 to 32.69 ${\mu}g/mg$. Contents of polyphenol and flavonoid in ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction was found to be extremely high (compared with the other fractions examined). Radical-scavenging activities of methanol extracts and fractions were examined using ${\alpha}$,${\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and hydrogen peroxide assay. As a result, ethyl acetate fraction of papaya seed showed the highest radical-scavenging activity in various antioxidant systems. The EtOAc fraction from papaya seed induced QR activity in concentrations of 12.5 to 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ with a maximum of a 3.3-fold induction at 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ of fraction. Therefore, the most effective QR inducer among these fractions can be said to reside in the EtOAc fraction, indicating that strong constituents responsible for QR induction potency in the papaya seed extract are largely contained in the EtOAc fraction.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.277-287
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• 2004

Objective : Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. Etiological studies of diabetes and its complications showed that oxidative stress might playa major role. Therefore, many efforts have been made to regulate oxygen free radicals for treating diabetes and its complications. Because Jindangwon has been known to be effective in treatment of diabetes, the methanol extract of Jindangwon was tested for its effectiveness in reducing the oxidative stress induced by Streptozotocin. Methods : Jindangwon was washed, dried in the shade and crushed. The crushed Jindangwon was extracted 3 times, each time with 3 volumes of methyl alcohol at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. The extract was filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to yield 30.6 g. Jindangwon extract was oral-administered to the diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin 50 mg per 1 kg of body weight for 15 days. The efficacy of the Jindangwon extract was examined with regard to the enzymatic pathways involved in the oxygen free radical production and the glutathione balance. Results : he effects of the methanol extract of Jindangwon in streptozotocin-induced diabetics rats with regard to body weight, blood glucose level, hepatic lipid peroxide level, hepatic xanthine oxidase activity and type conversion rate, hepatic glutathione level, hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity, hepatic glutathione reductase activity, hepatic aldose reductase activity, and hepatic sorbitol dehydrogenase activity were favorable enough to suggest that it is a cure for diabetes and its complications. Conclusions :These results support Jindangwon as an effective reducing agent for oxidative stress in the tissues and organs by regulating the production of oxygen free radicals. Jindangwon, in particular, shows promising results for its use as a cure, or preventative medicine for diabetes and its complications by reducing oxidative stress in beta-cells of the pancreas.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.97-110
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• 1987

The effects of 5 novel hepatotrophic agents, dithiol malonate derivatives (DMDs; DMD1-DMD5), on the liver microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by carbon tetrachloride $(CCl_4)$ and the correlations with the changes of microsomal electron transport system were investigated. All DMDs were found to inhibit the lipid peroxidation induced by $CCl_4$ in mice and rats as well in vitro liver microsomal system. Therefore, each DMD seemed to have direct mode of action on liver microsomes to inhibit the lipid peroxidation. As an ex vivo study, the induced lipid peroxidation by $CCl_4$ and the changes in electron transport system were determined with liver microsomes obtained from rats chronically treated with DMDs for 7 days. The induced lipid peroxide contents in liver microsomal system were lower in DMD1, DMD2 and DMD3 treated group, but higher in DMD4 and DMD5 group when compared to the control group. Cyt. p.450 contents in the microsomes were decreased by the treatment with DMD1, DMD2 and DMD3, but increased significantly by DMD4 with great extent and by DMD5 with less extent. The cyt. p-450 isozymes induced by treatment of DMD4 and DMD5 were identified as 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) type. The NADPH cyt. -C reductase activities of the microsomes treated with DMD1, DMD2, DMD4 and DMD5 were increased in the range of around 20% to 50%, but decreased with DMD3, All DMDs increased dyt. $-b_5$ content and did not alter NAdH-cyt, $-b_5$ reductase activities in the microsomes. In summary, the 5 novel hepatotrophic agents (DMDs) markedly protected against lipid peroxidation induced by $CCl_4$ in vivo and in vitro possibly through the mechanism of direct action on the liver microsomes. The degree of inhibition produced by DMDs on lipid peroxidation induced by $CCl_4$ seemed to coincide rather with cyt. p-450 contents than with other components of liver microsomal electron transport system including NADPH-cyt, -C reductase.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.235-235
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• 2017

Chromium (Cr) toxicity is hazardous to the seed germination, growth, and development of plants. ${\gamma}$-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid and is involved in stress tolerance in plants. To investigate the effects of GABA in alleviating Cr toxicity, we treated eight-d-old mustard (Brassica juncea L.) seedlings with Cr (0.15 mM and 0.3 mM $K_2CrO_4$, 5 days) alone and in combination with GABA ($125{\mu}M$) in a semi-hydroponic medium. The roots and shoots of the seedlings accumulated Cr in a dose-dependent manner, which led to an increase in oxidative damage [lipid peroxidation; hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) content; superoxide ($O{_2}^{{\cdot}-}$) generation; lipoxygenase (LOX) activity], MG content, and disrupted antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. Chromium stress also reduced growth, leaf relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll (chl) content but increased phytochelatin (PC) and proline (Pro) content. Furthermore, supplementing the Cr-treated seedlings with GABA reduced Cr uptake and upregulated the non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbate, AsA; glutathione, GSH) and the activities of the enzymatic antioxidants including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glyoxalase I (Gly I), and glyoxalase II (Gly II), and finally reduced oxidative damage. Adding GABA also increased leaf RWC and chl content, decreased Pro and PC content, and restored plant growth. These findings shed light on the effect of GABA in improving the physiological mechanisms of mustard seedlings in response to Cr stress.