• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2005

In the present study, we have measured 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in DNA of stomach cancers, adjacent stomach cancer tissues, normal stomach tissues and peripheral blood leukocytes of the same stomach cancer patients (n = 48) to investigate their etiological association with gastric cancer and possibility whether peripheral blood leukocytes can use surrogate marker for early stomach cancer diagnosis by HPLC/ECD system. In normal stomach tissues, we found that 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels in tissues infected with Helicobacter pylori were 1.4 fold higher than those in tissues without infected with Helicobacter pylori. However, in adjacent stomach cancer tissues, we found that 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels in tissues infected with Helicobacter pylori were 1.5 fold lower than those in tissues without infected with Helicobacter pylori. In stomach cancer tissues, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels in tissues infected with Helicobacter pylori were not significantly different from those in tissues without infected with Helicobacter pylori. In Helicobacter pylori-negative specimens, 8­hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels of adjacent stomach cancer tissues were found to be significantly higher than those of normal stomach and cancer tissues. The 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels of female were 1.7 fold higher than those of male in peripheral blood leukocytes of the same stomach cancer patients. The 8-hydroxy-2'­deoxyguanosine levels in Helicobacter pylori-negative specimens among adjacent stomach cancer tissues were found to be reversely correlated with those in peripheral blood leukocytes, suggesting that 8-hydroxy-2'-deox­yguanosine in peripheral blood leukocytes may not use as surrogate marker for the early diagnosis of human stomach cancer.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.393-399
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• 2006

Ketamine, one of general anesthetics for human and veterinary use, is a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist which interferes with the action of excitatory amino acids. It has been reported to impair various leukocyte functions. In this study, the effect of ketamine on the oxidative burst activity (OBA) of canine peripheral blood leukocytes was examined. The OBA of canine peripheral blood phagocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry system. Ketamine at higher concentration such as $1,000{\mu}M$ exhibited a low viability of leukocytes. Thus, ketamine was used at concentration of 10 to $500{\mu}M$ showing no cytotoxic effect and high cell viability. The OBA of leukocytes in the presence or absence of latex beads was analyzed by addition of dihydrorhodamine 123. The direct treatment of ketamine revealed the inhibitory effect on the OBA of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and monocyte-rich cells but not peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in the presence of latex beads. However, when latex beads were not added to PMN, its OBA was not inhibited by ketamine. The OBA of PMN and monocyte-rich cells but not PBMC in the presence of latex beads was also inhibited by culture supernatant from ketamine-treated- PBMC but not -PMN. But the OBA of PMN in the absence of latex beads was not inhibited by culture supernatant from PBMC treated with ketamine. Therefore, these results suggested that ketamine has the inhibitory effect on the OBA of canine peripheral blood phagocytes such as neutrophils and monocytes during phagocytic response.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2008

Ketamine is a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist and a short-acting general anaesthetic agent for human and veterinary use. We previously reported that treatment with ketamine impairs oxidative burst activity of canine peripheral blood leukocytes. In this study, the effect of ketamine on phagocytic capacity of canine peripheral blood leukocytes was examined in vitro. Phagocytic capacity was analyzed by using a flow cytometry. Ketamine directly decreased the phagocytic capacity of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and monocytes but not total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In addition, the phagocytic capacity of PMN and monocytes was inhibited by the ketamine-treated PBMC but not PMN culture supernatant. These results suggest that ketamine has a direct inhibitory effect on the phagocytic capacity of canine peripheral blood phagocytes and involves the production of soluble factor(s) from canine PBMC, which may suppress the phagocytic capacity.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.6 no.1_2
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• pp.25-38
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• 1991

The immunopotenciating effects of petroleum ether extract, ethanol extract and butanol fraction of panax ginseng on the immunotoxicity of Cimetidine were investigated in ICR mice. Immune responses were evaluated by antibody production, Arthus reaction, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), and rosette forming cell (RFC) in mice, sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells. To investigate the change of the non-specific immune responses, phagocyte activity and number of leukocytes in peripheral blood were measured also. The results of this study are summarized as followings; 1. Cimetidine treated group as compared with normal group generally decreased HA, 2-MER, RFC, number of circulating leukocytes and phagocyte activity whereas in-creased Arthus reaction and DTH. 2. The panax ginseng petroleum ether extract combined administration group as compared with the control group remarkably increased HA, 2-MER, number of circulating leukocytes and phagocyte activity. 3. The panax ginseng ethanol extract combined administration group as compared with the control group remarkably increased Arthus reaction, DTH, HA, RFC, number of circulating leukocytes and phagocyte activity. 4. The panax ginseng butanol fraction combined administration group as compared with the control group remarkably increased Arthus reaction, HA, 2-MER, RFC, number of circulating leukocytes and phagocyte activity.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1995.10b
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• pp.85-85
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• 1995

No Abstract, See Full Text

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.68-78
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• 2011

Background: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a huddle for success of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In this study, effects of irradiation dose on immune kinetics of GVHD were investigated using B6 ${\rightarrow}$ BALB.B system, a mouse model for GVHD after MHC-matched allogeneic transplantation. Methods: BALB.B mice were transplanted with bone marrow and spleen cells from C57BL/6 mice after irradiation with different doses. Leukocytes residing in the peripheral blood and target organs were collected periodically from the GVHD hosts for analysis of chimerism formation and immune kinetics along the GVHD development via flow cytometry. Myeloid cells were tested for production of IL-17 via flow cytometry. Results: Pre-conditioning of BALB.B hosts with 900 cGy and 400 cGy resulted in different chimerism of leukocytes from the blood and affected survival of GVHD hosts. Profiles of leukocytes infiltrating GVHD target organs, rather than profiles of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs), were significantly influenced by irradiation dose. Proportions of IL-17 producing cells in the infiltrating $Gr-1^+$ or $Mac-1^+$ cells were higher in the GVHD hosts with high does irradiation than those with low dose irradiation. Conclusion: Pre-conditioning dose affected tissue infiltration of leukocytes and cytokine production by myeloid cells in the target organs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 1976

Hematological studies were conducted in reference to the immune enhancing mechanism of formalin applied to, as an inactivating agent, a formalin inactivaed anthrax vaccines in rabbits. Rabbits were inoculated two types of formalinized anthrax immunogens namely capsular and spore vaccines in addition of formalin saline as a control. From immune rabbits, peripheral blood was collected and subjected to count a total erythrocytes, leukocytes, and pyroninophilic lymphocytes. The experimental results were summarized as followings. At a level of 0.5M 0.5ml formalin with or without the addition to vaccine, a total leukocytes count was increased. Due to the increased lymphocytes, the ratio of neutrophil and lymphocyte was lowered within 4 to 12 hours of the postinoculation. Formalin saline, anthrax spore vaccine and capsular vaccine, without group difference, caused an increased level of pyroninophilic lymphocytes in peripheral blood. Throughout the studies, a possible role of immune enhancement by formlin was disscused and suggested.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.84-89
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• 2005

This study was undertaken to examine whether 1,2-benzopyrone affects on chemotactic activity of canine peripheral blood leukocytes. A modified Boyden chamber method was sed on chemotaxis evaluation. The direct treatments of 1,2-benzopyrone showed no ffects on the chemotaxis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and olymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). But chemotaxis of PMN was remarkably enhanced by ulture supernatant from PBMC but not PMN treated with 1,2-benzopyrone. Similarly, it as also increased by recombinant (r) interleukin (lL)­8. This chemotactic activity of MN was inhibited by addition of anti-rIL-8 polyclonal antibody. The chemotaxis of PBMC was not enhanced by culture supernatant from either PBMC or PMN treated with 1,2-benzopyrone. Therefore, these results suggested that the chemotactic activity of PMN ay be mainly mediated by IL-8-like factor(s) produced from PBMC treated with ,2-benzopyrone.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 1961

A routine hematological observation in the course of starvation was carried out on eight experimentel1y starved rabbits. They were strictly selected and restricted all of food intake with the exception of optional water intake until death. The body weight of each rabbit on the day before starvation was about 2 kilograms. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The average decrememt ratio of body weight on the terminal day before death was $34.3{\pm}7.5$ per cent with the range from 24.5 to 46.3 per cent. The average life duration until death was $10.25{\pm}2.6$ days, the range being from 6 to 14 days. 2. The decrease in number of reticulocytes with a parallel disappearance of polychromatic erythrocytes in peripheral blood in the course of starvation Was the most remarkable change in erythrocytic series, an evidence suggesting marked restriction of the erythropoietic function on 3rd to 4th day and almost complete suspension in about a week of starvation. 3. Erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content and haematocrit value of peripheral blood, were normal or indicative of slight hemoconcentration. 4. Mean Corpuscular Hemogloin Concentration was slightly higher than normal and Mean Corpuscular Volume tended to be low and no appreciable shifts were observed in Mean Corpuscular Diameter and Price-Jones curve of erythrocytes, while fewer macrocytes than normal were seen. These changes were considered to have resulted from a marked decrease in young erythrocytes in peripheral blood in the course of starvation. 5. Neither poikilccytoses or anisosytosis was observed. 6. Leukopenia was observed in all of 8 starved rabbits. The decrement ratio on the terminal day of starvation was between 13 to 64 per cent. The leukopenia was mainly due to fall of lymphocytes in 6 cases and to fall of neutrophilic leukocytes in the other 2 cases. In many cases, irregular fluctuation of neutrophilic leukocytes in its biological curve were seen in contrast to the relatively smooth changes of lymphocytes. Eosinophilic leukocytes tended to decrease in absolute number especially in later stage of starvation. Little significance in regard to monocytes and basophilic leukocytes in this study was discussed. 7. Proplasma cells, rarely plasma cells, appeared with a tendency to increase in number at later stage of starvation. 8. The most characteristic changes on circulating blood cells in complete starvation of rabbits were the leukoponia and failure of regeneration of erythroctes. These changes were considered as adaptive phenomena in response to the catabolic consumption of body constituents.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.365-376
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• 2006

To identify immune response of leukocytes in peripheral blood of cattle vaccinated with an attenuated live Akabane virus vaccine, leukocytes were reacted with monoclonal antibodies which are specific to bovine lymphocyte surface antigens and assayed by the flow cytometry. Serum neutralizing (SN) test was used to measure antibody titers after vaccination, SN antibody was appeared to 7 days post-vaccination (PV) and 2-8 antibody titers were observed in 14 days PV. Proportion of $CD8^-$ MHC $class II^+$ expressing cells were rapidly increased at 3 days PV. $CD8^+$ MHC $class II^-$ cells were increased at 7 days PV. $CD4^+CD8^-,\;WC^+CD4^-,\;CD4^+CD8^+,\;WC1^-CD4^+, \;WC1^-CD8^+$, and $CD4^-CD8^+$ cells were highly increased at 3, 3, 7, 7, 14, 14 days PV, respectively.