• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.577-594
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• 1993

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of the periodontium that have been destroyed as a result of periodontal disease. This study were done in order to determine the healing status of periodontium under Polytetrafluoroethylene and millipore fillter combined with fibrin and the effect of the guided tissue regeneration procedures were performed as follows : 1) flap operation using PTFE membrane(control group) 2) flap operation using PTFE membrane which was fixed with fibrin(experimental group 1) 3) flap operation using millipore filter which was fixed with suture(experimental group II) 4) flap operation using millipore filter which was fixed with fibrin(experimental group II) After 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks, dogs were sacrificed by perfusion technique and tissue block was excised including the tooth and prepared for light microscope with H-E & Masson’s trichrome staining. The result were as follows : In control and experimental group, there is no siginificant difference on epithelial cell down growth within 1st week, but more epithelial cell downgrowth in millipore or millipore combined with fibrin group. In this experiment, there were no significant difference in new cementum and alveolar bone formation whether PTFE membrane was fixed with suture or fibrin. In control and each experimental group, bone maturation appeared in 4 weeks, bone width increased bucco-lingually in control and experimental 1 group especially. Both control group and experimental group showed mild mew cementum formation on root surface and irregular arrangement of collagen fiber at 4 weeks, that showed obvious increased cementum formation at 8 weeks, and that was observed the functional arrangement of collagen fiber between new cementum and new alveolar bone at 12 weeks.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.77-89
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• 2007

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of deproteinized bovine bone mineral soaked in inorganic polyphosphate on bone regeneration in the calvaria of rabbit in the procedure of guided bone regeneration with titanium reinforced expanded polytetrafluoroethylene(TR-ePTFE) membrane. The rabbits were divided into four groups. Control group used TR-ePTFE membrane filled with de-proteinized bovine bone mineral, experimental group I used TR-ePTFE membrane and deproteinized bovine bone mineral soaked in 4% inorganic polyphosphate, experimental group II and III used TR-ePTFE membrane and deproteinized bovine bone mineral soaked in 8% or 16% inorganic poly-phosphate respectively. After decortication in the calvaria, GBR procedure was performed on 8 rabbits with only TR-ePTFE membrane or titanium reinforced ePTFE membrane filled with deproteinized bovine bone mineral soaked in inorganic polyphosphate. The animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks, and 8 weeks af-ter the surgery. Non-decalcified specimens were processed for histologic analysis, and new bone for-mation was assessed by histomorphometric as well as statical analysis. 1. Both control group and experirrental group dermnstrated increasing of new bone formation until 8weeks. 2. At 8 weeks, experimental group I and group II showed the significant difference compared to control group in new bone formation. Especially experimental group II showed the most in-creasing of new bone formation. 3. The higher concentration of inorganic polyphosphate filled, the more volume of bone formation pro-moted, but experimental group III did not reveal significant difference compared to contol group. 4. Deproteinized bovine bone mineral did not resorbed at all until 8 weeks. These results suggest that inorganic polyphosphate has a promoting effect on bone regeneration. possibly by enhancing osteoconductivity of the carrier and by increasing osteoinductivity of the defected alveolar bone tissue, but not as we respect.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.210-221
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was performed to investigate the mineralization and differentiation of osteobalsts for bone regeneration in vitro and the effect of rate of the composition in periodontal cells on mineralization. For this study, healthy gingival tissues were surgically obtained from the patients during 1st premolar extraction for the purposes of orthodontic treament. Gingival tissue was washed several time with Phosphate buffered saline contained high concentration of antibiotics and antifungal agent, and cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium(DMEM, Gibco, U.S.A.). Every cell were cultured in state at $37^{\circ}C$, 100% of humidity, 5% of $CO_2$ incubator. Bone marrow stromal cells were isolated from 5-clay-old rat femur with using medium irrigation mathod by syringe. Cell suspension medium were centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 5 min and then cultured in the petri dish. Two kinds of cell were freezed and stocked in the liquid nitrogen tank until experiment. Cell were incubated into the 24 multi-well plate with $5{\times}10^4$cell/well of medium at $37^{\circ}C$, 100% of humidity 5% $CO_2$ incubator for 24 hours. After discarded of the supernatent of medium, O.5ml of medium were reapplied and incubated. And counted the number of cell using the hemocytometer and inverted light microscope. We have measured the number of mineralized nodule with using Alizarin red S. staining in microscope. Furthermore every cell were observed the morphological change between every rate of co-culture of the two kinds of cell. The results were as follows; The rate of proliferation of co-culture cell revealed high rate tendency compared the bone marrow stromal cell only and low growth rate to compared with gingival fibroblast only. The tendency of formation of the mineralized nodule were observed dose-depend pattern of bone marrow stromal cell. It is concluded that the gingival fibroblast may inhibit the formation of mineralized nodule in the culture of the bone marrow stromal cell.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.821-836
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• 2000

The Peri-implantitis causes inflammation of periodontal tissue and bone loss. It contaminates surface of implants. Therefore, guided bone regeneration has been used for the treatment of this disease. For the reosseointegration of the exposed surface, various mechanical and chemical methods have been used for cleaning and detoxication of implant surface. Among these methods, air-powder abrasive and oversaturated citrate are known to be most effective. However, these treatments may deform implant surface. In this research, changes of surface roughness they were examined. 10 experimental machined titanium cylinder models were fabricated to be used for control groups. Each of them was air powder abraded for 1 minute and they were named group 1. And then, group 1 were burnished with cotton pellets soaked with citrate for 30 seconds(Group 2), 1 minute(Group 3), 3 minutes(Group 4), and 5 minutes(Group 5) burnishing were applied for grouping respectively. Each group were examined with SPM, and their surface roughness were measured and analyzed. 1. Surface roughness of titanium decreased when it was air-powder abraded for 1 minute. It was statistically significant. 2. When Air-powder abraded titanium were treated with citrate for 3 minutes, Their surface roughness was the lowest. Titanium treated for 1 minute was the second lowest and 30 seconds was the third and titanium burnished for 5 minutes was the highest. 3. Surface roughness of titanium which was treated with citrate was decreased till 3 minutes, which was statistically significant. There was no statistical significance from 30 seconds to 1 minute and from 1 minute to 3 minutes, and there was statistical significance from 30 seconds to 3 minutes. 4. Oxide layer was formed when titanium is exposed to air, and it was removed when air-powder abraded. It was made when treated with citrate. It is thought that citrate treatment is necessary after the air-powder abrasion, and 1 minute is clinically and qualitatively adequate for burnishing time of citrate.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.647-668
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• 1997

6 beagle dogs aged over one and half years and weighed 14 to 16 Kg were utilized in this study, Horizontal furcation defects were induced around 2nd, 3rd, and 4th premolars bilaterally, PDGF-BB in conjunction with EGF and PDGF-BB only were applied in the right and left premolars respectively. 2 animals were sacrificed at 4weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks, after regenerative surgery respectively. Semi-thin sections using glass-knife were stained with toluidine blue for light microscopic study. The results were as follows: 1. At 4 weeks after regenerative surgery, bone formation in the PDGF-BB-applied site was thriving, but bone formation in the PDGF-BB-and-EGF-applied site was depressed. 2. Bony ankylosis was surely shown along the whole exposed root surface applied with PDGF-BB, but it was shown at the root surface near the base of the bone defect where was applied with PDGF-BB in conjunction with EGF. 3. Active bone formation was made from 8 weeks after regenerative surgery in the PDGF-BB- and-EGF-applied site. 4. Bone maturity as well as speed of bone formation in the PDGF-BB-applied site was superior to those in the PDGF-BB-and-EGF-applied site throughout the whole experimental period. Within the above results, PDGF-BB had the strong capability to form the new bone and EGF was not able to prevent the bony ankylosis thoroughly. However, EGF may have the possibility to prevent the bony ankylosis through the suppression of bone formation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.289-303
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• 2006

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of bone graft materials including demineralized freeze-dried bone, freeze-dried bone, deproteinized bovine bone on space-making capacity and bone formation in guided bone regeneration with titanium reinforced ePTFE membrane(TR-ePTFE). Adult male rabbits(mean BW 2kg) were used in this study. Intramarrow penetration defects were surgically created with round bur on calvaria of rabbits. TR-ePTFE membrane was adapted to calvarial defect and bone graft materials were placed. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 8, 12 weeks after surgery. Non-decalcified specimens were processed for histologic analysis and prepared with Villaneuva bone stain. The results of this study were as follows: 1. TR-ePTFE membrane was biocompatible and capable of maintaining the space-making. 2. Tissue integration was not good at TR-ePTFE membrane. Fixation was not enough. so, wound stabilization was not good. 3. In animals using deproteinized bovine bone, demineralized freeze-dried bone, bone formation was little. 4. In animals using freeze-dried bone, bone formation was better. Within the above results, bone formation may be inhibited when wound stabilizafion was not good.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.475-482
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• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficiency of bone regenerative abilities of silk fibroin nanomembrane(Nanoguide-S) Material and Methods: The objects were 38 patients who had large defect at extraction sockets caused by chronic periodontitis and silk fibroin nano matrix were used on experimental group(N=19) and PLA/PLGA matrix were used on control group(N=19). The width, height, and length by crown-apical direction(socket depth) of defects were measured with the occlusal plane as a reference plane, and tooth axis direction, perpendicular to tooth axis direction were measured on radiographs at 3 months pre-operative, 3 months post-operative. Result: Tissue response to silk fibroin nano matrix and Biomesh were clinically satisfactory and complications such as swelling, exudation, ulceration and vesicles were not found except the ordinary discomfort of operated portion. 3 months later, the width, height, and length by crown-apical direction (socket depth) of defects were clinically improved in both groups with no significant difference. 3 months later radiolucency of tooth axis direction and perpendicular to tooth axis direction were all increased in both groups with no significant difference. Conclusion: By these results biodegradadable silk fibroin nano matrix was efficient in GBR on alveolar bone resorption caused by periodontitis compared to Biomesh.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.411-424
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• 2004

This study was performed to evaluate bone formation in the calvaria of rabbit by the concept of guided bone regeneration with titanium mesh membrane. Two different titanium meshes with varying number (353, 565) of pore were utilized in the study. Two surgical sites(T353, T565) were evaluated about whether or not the number of pore may have effect on the bone formation. The animal was sacrificed at 10days, 3 weeks, 6weeks, and 8 weeks after the surgery. Non-decalcified specimens were processed for histologic analysis. 1. Titanium mesh was biocompatible and capable of maintaining the spacemaking. 2. At 3 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks after GBR procedure, bone formation was more in the T353 site than in the T565 site. 3. Soft tissue layer above the regenerated bone was better developed in the T565 site. 4. There was no difference between two membranes in bone maturity with time. Within the above results, titanium mesh with lesser pore in number might be recommended for the early bone formation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.561-571
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• 1994

The comparative study on the predominant cultivable periodontopathic bacteria were done 2 weeks after the application of the e-PTFE membrane and collagen membrane in the controlled tissue regeneration procedures. The purpose of the present study also included the antibiotic susceptibility test (ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, clindamycin) of these cultured organisms. 0.1% chlorhexidine mouthwash (10ml twice/day for 6 weeks) and systemic doxycycline (200mg/day for 2 weeks) were administered for supragingival and subgingival plaque control respectively. Four clinical isolates of A.a. from 2 patients were found to be resistant to tetracycline which were susceptible to clindamycin and ciprofloxacin. One isolate of W.r. and two unidcntified microorganisms were resistant only to clindamycin and one isolate of NID BPB and E.c. and two isolates of unidentified microorganisms were resistant only to ciprofloxacin. Overall susceptibility of tested microorganisms to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and clindamycin were 85%, 77% and 89% respectively. The results indicated no significant differences in the percentage of cultivable periodontopathic bacteria between the two membranes, and also the microorganisms resistant to tetracycline after systemic administration of doxycycline turned out to be susceptible to either ciprofloxacin or clindamycin.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2014

The term "endo-perio" lesion has been proposed to describe the destructive lesion resulting from inflammatory products found in varying degrees in both the periodontium and the pulpal tissues. In most of the cases, clinical symptoms disappear following successful endodontic therapy. However failure after conventional root canal treatment calls for surgical intervention. A 35 year old male patient with endo-perio lesion in right maxillary lateral incisor was treated with platelet rich fibrin (PRF) and alloplastic bone substitute after conventional endodontic therapy. At the end of 6 months there was gain in clinical attachment, increased radiographic bone fill and reduction in probing depth which was maintained till 18 month follow-up. Present case report aims to evaluate the efficacy of PRF and alloplastic bone substitute in the management of intrabony defect associated with endo-perio lesion in maxillary lateral incisor because the healing potential of PRF and bone graft has not been widely studied in endodontics. The use of PRF allows the clinician to optimize tissue remodelling, wound healing and angiogenesis by the local delivery of growth factors and proteins. The novel technique described here enables the clinician to be benefited from the full regenerative capacity of this autologous biologic material.