• Wind and Structures
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.289-309
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• 2015

Vertical profiles of mean and fluctuating wind velocities over water waves were studied, by performing Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) on a fully developed turbulent boundary layer over simplified water waves. The water waves were simplified to two-dimensional, periodic and non-evolving. Different wave steepness defined by $a/{\lambda}$ (a : wave amplitude; ${\lambda}$ : wavelength) and wave age defined by $c/U_b$ (c: phase velocity of the wave; $U_b$ : bulk velocity of the air) were considered, in order to elaborate the characteristics of mean and fluctuating wind profiles. Results shows that, compared to a static wave, a moving wave plays a lesser aerodynamic role as roughness as it moves downstream slower or a little faster than air, and plays more aerodynamic roles when it moves downstream much faster than air or moves in the opposite direction to air. The changes of gradient height, power law index, roughness length and friction velocity with wave age and wave amplitude are presented, which shed light on the wind characteristics over real sea surfaces for wind engineering applications.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.320-326
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• 2011

Comparative study on the total transmission(zero reflection) has been done between two FSS structures which are coqmposed of the resonant aperture and the nonresonant aperture. It has been found that, the FSS of the resonant aperture has much larger ratio ${\lambda}$/T of wavelength ${\lambda}$ to array periodicity T than that of the FSS of the nonresonant aperture for the total transmission(or zero reflection). Also the operating frequency can be made to be significantly reduced by using such a resonant structure. This physical situation is thought to be similar to that of EOT(Extraordinary Optical Transmission) phenomenon, in optics area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.690-695
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• 2005

Flexible circular cantilever beams when excited externally introduce a lot of dynamic characteristics. The non-linear elements that these flexible beams develop include non-linearity due to inertia terms, spring, and damping. They show different characteristics of motion from each other. In the modes of lower order, the non-linearity due to spring is prevalent, while the non-linearity due to inertia Is prevalent in the modes of higher order. To analyze these effects the non-linear phenomena are analyzed experimentally. When the response characteristics of non-linear vibration are analyzed using autospectrum, it is possible to analyze the subharmonic and superharmonic mot ion by comparison. The phase change is analyzed using the method of phase portrait and the non-linear characteristics of response characteristics that are developed in flexible structures can be predicted and applied to the stage of design.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.591-597
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• 2012

This paper presents regularly micro-textured glass surfaces ensuring the superhydrophobic properties in the Cassie-Baxter regime. The proposed surfaces were fabricated simply and efficiently by filling the glass material into a silicon micro-mold with periodic micro-cavities based on a thermal-reflow process, resulting in a successful demonstration of the textured glass surface with periodically-arrayed micro-pillar structures. The static and dynamic wetting properties of the micro-textured glass surfaces were characterized by measuring the static contact angle (SCA) and contact angle hysteresis (CAH), respectively. In addition, the surface wettability was estimated theoretically based on Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter wetting theories, and compared with the experimental ones. Through the experimental and theoretical observations, it was clearly confirmed that the proposed micro-textured glass surfaces showed the slippery superhydrophobic behaviors in the Cassie-Baxter wetting mode.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.240-240
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• 2015

As Simpson et al. (1990) emphasized the importance of the straining process in the stratification and mixing in the estuarine circulation process, various researches have investigated on the relative contribution of each process to the overall potential energy anomaly dynamics. However, many numerical works have done only for two dimensional modeling along channel or the short distance cross sectional three dimensional simulations as Burchard et al. (2008) and the estuarine channel was not simulated so far. But, in the study on the physics of shallow coastal seas, spatial dimension in the three dimensional way affects significantly on results of a particular numerical model. Therefore, the comparison of two and three dimensional models is important to understand the real physics of mixing and stratification in an estuary. Also, as Geyer and MacCready (2013) pointed out that the lateral process seems to be important in determining the periodic stratifications, to study such process the three dimensional modeling must be required. The present study uses a numerical model to show the signification roles of each term of the time-dependent dynamic equation for the potential energy anomaly (PEA) in controlling along and lateral channel flows and different stratification structures. Moreover, we present the relationships between the ${\Phi}$-advection, the depth mean straining, vertical mixing and vertical advection can explain well how water level, salinity distribution and across velocity 2D model are slightly different from 3D.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.19-33
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• 2008

This research investigates the adaptive input estimation method applied to the multilayer shearing stress structure. This method is to estimate the values of wind load inputs by analyzing the active reaction of the system. The Kalman filter without the input term and the adaptive weighted recursive least square estimator are two main portions of this method. The innovation vector can be produced by the Kalman filter, and be applied to the adaptive weighted recursive least square estimator to estimate the wind load input over time. This combined method can effectively estimate the wind loads to the structure system to enhance the reliability of the system active performance analysis. The forms of the simulated inputs (loads) in this paper include the periodic sinusoidal wave, the decaying exponent, the random combination of the sinusoidal wave and the decaying exponent, etc. The active reaction computed plus the simulation error is regard as the simulated measurement and is applied to the input estimation algorithm to implement the numerical simulation of the inverse input estimation process. The availability and the precision of the input estimation method proposed in this research can be verified by comparing the actual value and the one obtained by numerical simulation.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05b
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• pp.457-462
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• 2009

In a high speed train, aluminium extruded panel is widely used in floor, side wall and roof structures for high bending stiffness and weight reduction. However, with some inevitable reasons, aluminium extruded panel shows inferior sound insulation performance compared with the flat panel having same weight. Especially, occurrence of local resonance modes in the particular frequency band, is one of the main reason in the deterioration of the sound insulation performance. Local resonance modes are generated in the structure which consists of periodic unit structure, such as the aluminium extruded panel. The local resonance frequency is determined by the specification of the unit structure. In this study, we predict the local resonance frequency band on the aluminium extruded panel used for the high speed train, and investigate how the design modification in the unit structure influences the local resonance frequency band and panel bending stiffness. The purpose of the study is to provide the design information for the effective unit structure in order to improve the sound insulation performance of the aluminium extruded panel.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.25.1-25.7
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• 2021

The axolotl has extraordinary regeneration capacity compared to other vertebrates. This remarkable potential has been attributed to its life-long neoteny, characterized by the exhibition of embryonic characteristics at the adult stage. A recent study provided a detailed morphological analysis of the sperm morphology of the Ambystoma mexicanum using routine and detailed histological techniques. The primary purpose of the present study is to describe a simple and inexpensive method for evaluating the morphology of axolotl sperm. In this study, spermatophore structures were collected and spread on slides and air-dried. The slides were stained with periodic acid Schiff, toluidine blue, Masson's trichrome, Giemsa, Spermac, and Diff-Quik dye for a morphological examination. The slides were coated with gold/palladium for a scanning electron microscopy examination. The sperm of the axolotl consisted of an elongated head, a neck, and a flagellum covered with an undulating membrane. The lengths of the midpiece, tail, and head were 8.575 ㎛, 356.544 ㎛, and 103.661 ㎛, respectively. In the flagellum part, the wavy membrane structure, whose function has not been explained, surrounds the tail. The data obtained from this study will constitute an important step in designing future research on the reproductive and regeneration capacity of the axolotl.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.187-199
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• 2019

This paper presents the semi-analytical development of the dynamic instability behavior and the dynamic response of functionally graded (FG) cylindrical shallow shell panel subjected to different type of periodic axial compression. First, in prebuckling analysis, the stresses distribution within the panels are determined for respective loading type and these stresses are used to study the dynamic instability behavior and the dynamic response. The prebuckling stresses within the shell panel are the same as applied in-plane edge loading for the case of uniform and linearly varying loadings. However, this is not true for the case of parabolic loadings. The parabolic edge loading produces all the stresses (${\sigma}_{xx}$, ${\sigma}_{yy}$ and ${\tau}_{xy}$) within the FG cylindrical panel. These stresses are evaluated by minimizing the membrane energy via Ritz method. Using these stresses the partial differential equations of FG cylindrical panel are formulated by applying Hamilton's principal assuming higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT) and von-$K{\acute{a}}rm{\acute{a}}n$ non-linearity. The non-linear governing partial differential equations are converted into a set of Mathieu-Hill equations via Galerkin's method. Bolotin method is adopted to trace the boundaries of instability regions. The linear and non-linear dynamic responses in stable and unstable region are plotted to know the characteristics of instability regions of FG cylindrical panel. Moreover, the non-linear frequency-amplitude responses are obtained using Incremental Harmonic Balance (IHB) method.

• International journal of steel structures
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1631-1638
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• 2018

In the periodic repainting of steel bridges, often the steel surface has to be prepared by using power tools to remove surface contaminants, such as deteriorated paint film and rust, and to increase the adhesive strengths of the paint films to be applied newly. Surface preparation by bristle roll-brush grinding, which is a type of power tool, may additionally introduce compressive residual stress and increase the fatigue resistance of welded joints owing to the impact of rotating bristle tips. In this study, fatigue tests were conducted for longitudinally out-of-plane gusset fillet welded joints and transversely butt-welded joints to evaluate the effect of bristle roll-brush grinding prior to repainting on the fatigue resistance of the welded joints. The test results showed that bristle roll-brush grinding introduced compressive residual stress and significantly increased fatigue limits by over 50%.