• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.142
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• pp.51-74
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• 2017

As the phrase 'solitude death' implies, solitude generally has a negative characteristic as an object to avoid. But on the contrary, Nietzsche attempts to accept solitude and even affirms it in his overall philosophy. This study is about the authentic meaning of Nietzsche's solitude concept, aiming to clarify what true meaning solitude has to Nietzsche. This study will examine the 'external situation that humans face today' first. To do this, the study will consider the situation that humans who lost the earth and homeland faced in the period when God is dead. This study will then look at 'memory' and 'oblivion', as human's internal situations. And following that, this study will examine what meaning 'creativity' has to Nietzsche, which has a close relationship with those internal situations. Lastly, the meaning that 'body' and 'dance' imply to Nietzsche and what relationship these have with true solitude will be presented. Human is the being who can not avoid solitude whether they want it or not. Even though we make whatever effort we can to run away, solitude is unavoidable. The smart phone that makes me feel emptiness when I don't hold it on my hands, the hobbies which attract and force us to do, and new products which make us feel lonely if we don't buy them, don't they prove these efforts? What meaning does solitude have to humans that we have no other way but to run away from it like this? By understanding the authentic meaning of Nietzsche's solitude concept, we can change our view point on solitude so we can eventually accept 'solitude' as something that we must truly embrace and affirm, instead of something we must run away from.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2012

In this study, we analyzed sedimentation and erosion environment around Halmiseom on Anmyeon Island using wind direction and wind speed data, gain size analysis data and datum-point measured values. To observe changes in sedimentation and erosion environment around Halmiseon, we installed datum points at 12 locations around Halmiseom and carried out at total of 32 field measurements from May 16th, 2010 to May 8th, 2012. The field measurement results showed that H-3, H-4, H-5 and H-9 points are dominated by sedimentation environment, and H-7, H-8, H-10, H-11 and H-12 points are dominated by erosion environment. Meanwhile, sedimentation and erosion appeared alternately at H-2 and H-6 points. These results indicate that a bank installed in the southwest side of Halmiseom prevented sand of the beach from moving to the northeast side, leaving the sand of the beach being deposited at the sites, and the northeast side, where sand was not provided from beach ridge of Halmiseon was dominated by sedimentation. That is, the southwest side of Halmiseom was dominated by sedimentation, but the northeast side was dominated by erosion in general. However, the opposite trends were observed at H-9 point of the northeast side and H-12 point of the southwest side. According to analysis, since H-9 point is located at the end of sand spit connected to Halmiseom, the supply of sediments by a tidal current is possible. On the other hand, it was difficult to analyze the cause of erosion in case of H-12 point located at the sand dune due to the short measurement period.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.291-303
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• 2019

This study analyzed the changes in the industrial environment surrounding the Gumi region and the status of the industrial crisis in the Gumi area amid such changes. The Gumi region is experiencing a more turbulent period than ever in the environment changes at the international, national and local levels, such as the transition to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the weakening of the competitiveness of key industries including mobile devices and displays, and the moving-out of core companies such as Samsung and LG Group. Accordingly, efforts have been made to diversify the industrial structure by fostering industry of automobile parts, high-tech medical devices and carbon materials to cope with and adapt to environmental changes at the regional level. However, the Gumi region is still locked in to the mono-cultural, large enterprise-dependent industrial structure centering on the mobile and display sectors, failing to overcome the regional industrial crisis and stagnating the overall local economy. The relocation of large companies began to increase in the 2010s, reducing the protection of large corporations against environmental changes at the corporate level. As a result, the crisis factors of small and mediumsized enterprises are gradually expanding to the national and international scale and working more complexly, which is beyond the level they can afford. So it is highly likely that the current industrial crisis will deepen. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the resilience to adapt to changes in the environment when it comes to overcoming the industrial crisis in Gumi region. To this end, it is necessary to improve innovation capabilities and diversify businesses based on convergence and complex technologies at the enterprise level, and to be selected as a special crisis response area aimed at creating an innovative ecosystem through autonomous resonance of companies and industries at the local level.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.538-538
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• 2015

농업가뭄에 대한 연구는 주로 가뭄지표의 개선과 제안 등에 초점이 맞추어져 있으며 관개기의 강수량에 중점을 둔 사례가 대부분이다. 그러나 대부분의 논 관개용수는 저수지를 통하여 공급되기 때문에 관개가 시작되는 4월 초순의 저수량은 상당히 중요한 가뭄 대응 요소이다. 이에 따라 가뭄에 대비하기 위해서는 관개가 종료되는 10월부터 이듬해 3월까지 충분한 저수량이 확보될 필요가 있다. 그러나 기후변화에 의해 대부분의 강우가 관개기에 집중될 수 있으며 이에 따라 미래에는 비관개기 동안 충분한 저수량을 확보하는데 어려움이 발생할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기후변화에 따른 비관개기의 강수량을 확률기반으로 분석하고, 이를 관개기 필요저수량과 비교하여 저수지의 미래 가뭄 대응 능력을 분석하고자 하였다. 기후변화에 따른 비관개기의 강수량 변화를 분석하기 위하여 RCP(Representative Concentration Pathways) 시나리오를 적용하여 미래 비관개기 동안의 연도별 비관개기 누적강수량을 분석하였다. 과거와 미래시기를 30년 단위로 구분하여 1995s, 2025s, 2055s, 2085s의 비관개기 동안의 비초과확률 10%, 50%, 90%의 강수량을 분석하였다. RCP 4.5 시나리오를 기반으로 모의한 미래강우의 비초과확률 10% 누적강수량 산정 결과에 따르면 주요 곡창지대인 전라남북도는 1995s에는 10월부터 이듬해 3월까지의 누적강수량이 약 215mm 정도로 나타났으나 2025s에는 약 150mm로 줄어드는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 비초과확률 10%의 강우가 내릴 경우 비관개기 동안에 충분한 저수량의 확보가 어렵게 되고 관개기의 심각한 가뭄을 초래할 수 있었다. 비관개기 누적강수량과 저수량변화의 관개를 모의한 개운저수지와 계룡저수지의 경우 그 관계식은 y=1.442x-198.81, y=5.8105x-752.92와 같이 나타났다. y는 비관개기의 저수량변화를 나타낸 것이고 x는 비관개기의 누적강우량을 나타낸 것이다. 식을 통해 향후 100년 중 비초과확률 10%의 강수를 가정한다면 개운저수지는 관개종료시점의 저수율이 최소 96.93% 이상이여야 다음해 관개시작시점의 저수위가 만수위가 될 수 있었고, 계룡 저수지는 최소 86.84%의 저수위를 만족해야 다음해 관개시작시점의 저수위가 만수위가 될 수 있었다.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.352-357
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated the limit temperature range which is effective for dormancy release of 'Hongro' and 'Fuji' apples during the endodormancy period. The germination rate was 50% or more in all treatments except of 'Hongro' $-5^{\circ}C$ treatment. The germination rate of 'Fuji' was 86.3% at the temperature of $-5^{\circ}C$. The concentrations of carbohydrate and mineral components were significantly different between treatments but did not show any tendency or specific change. However, the sorbitol contents of 'Hongro' $-5^{\circ}C$ treatment were higher at 29.62 mg/g than those of 'Fuji', which was not affected for dormancy release. The results of hormone analysis showed that ABA(abscisic acid) and JA(jasmonic acid) in 'Hongro' $-5^{\circ}C$ treatment were respectively 176.48 and 15.72 ng/g. ABA, JA and SA(salicylic acid) contents in 'Fuji' apple tree were significantly lower than those of 'Hongro'. As a result of this study, the limit temperature range effective for dormancy release was different according to the varieties, and 'Hongro' did not affect with 30.3% of germination rate at $-5^{\circ}C$. However, 'Fuji' is 86.3% even at $-5^{\circ}C$ it was suggested that 'Fuji' had a chilling accumulation for dormancy release.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 2019

Early-maturing rice type is cultivated to produce rice before the Korean Thanksgiving Day. We investigated the flowering and ripening characteristics of major breeding lines in early maturing rice type. In Jeonju, field growth days (FGD) from transplanting to heading changed about 3.3 days by 10 days of transplanting days and about 2.5 days by the change of mean temperature during growth period. As the temperature during ripening stage, 1000 brown rice weight was changed 0.2 g, the rice quality of brown and milled rice was changed 5% and 6.5%, respectively. Baegilmi and Kittake showed early heading habit suitable for harvesting before Korean Thanksgiving. Joun and Pecos showed good ripening characteristics under high temperature during the ripening stage. We expect that these characteristics might be useful for breeding new rice cultivars for harvesting before Korean Thanksgiving.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.269-282
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• 2009

This study investigates the difference of behavioral patterns between the import container volume of all ports and that of Gwangyang port in Korea. All series span the period January 1999 to December 2008. I first test whether the series are stationary or not. I can reject the null hypothesis of a unit root in each of the level variables and of a unit root for the residuals from the cointegration at the 5 percent significance level. I hitherto make use of variance decompositions and impulse response functions, both of which have now been widely used to examine how much movement in one variable can be explained by innovations in different variables and how rapidly these fluctuations in one variable can be transmitted to another. The variance decompositions for the import container volume show that the proportions of the forecast error variance of import container volumes explained by themselves are 30 and 26 per cent after 12 months, respectively. As a result, innovations in exchange rate and business activity explain 70 and 74 per cent of the variance in the import container volume. All in all, innovation accounting indicates that import container volumes are not exogenous with respect to exchange rate and business activity. The impulse responses indicate that container volumes decrease sharply to the shocks in exchange rate and decay very slowly to its pre-shock level, while container volumes respond positively to the shocks in the business activity and disappear very slowly, showing that the shocks last very long. Furthermore Gwangyang port is more sensitive to the change of the exchange rate and the industrial production than all ports.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.22-31
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• 2018

Objectives : In this study, we investigated whether Astragali Radix Pharmacocupuncture (ARP) has an effective on the full thickness defect wound healing process of mouse. Methods : A total of 50 mice (ICR mouse, 7 week-old male) were divided into control group and ARP group. A single full thickness skin defect was made on the dorsal side of the each mouse using an 8mm diameter biopsy punch. Control group were treated with 0.2㎖ saline and ARP group were treat with 0.2ml ARP at 8 points around the wound every three days total 4 times during the experimental period. The change in wound size, contraction rate, healing rate, and epithelization rate was measured by digital images taken on days 3, 6, 9, and 13, and evaluated using a digital image analysis program. Tissues were collected for histological analysis, RT-PCR, and Western blot on days 3, 6, 9, and 15. Results : The results are as follows. ARP group accelerated the rate of wound contraction, wound healing and epithelization compared to the control group. ARP group showed the decrease of inflammatory cells in early inflammatory phase compared to the control group. ARP group upregulated PECAM-1 mRNA and protein expression compared to the control group. ARP group inhibited the scar width and area compared to the control group. Conclusions: ARP showed positive effects on wound healing through the inhibition of inflammatory reaction and increase of PECAM-1 expression related to the wound healing process.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 2016

Background: Workers in pesticide manufacturing industries are constantly exposed to pesticides. Genetic biomonitoring provides an early identification of potential cancer and genetic diseases in exposed populations. The objectives of this biomonitoring study were to assess DNA damage through comet assay in blood samples collected from industry workers and compare these results with those of classical analytical techniques used for complete blood count analysis. Methods: Samples from controls (n = 20) and exposed workers (n = 38) from an industrial area in Multan, Pakistan, were subjected to various tests. Malathion residues in blood samples were measured by gas chromatography. Results: The exposed workers who were employed in the pesticide manufacturing industry for a longer period (i.e., 13-25 years) had significantly higher DNA tail length ($7.04{\mu}m$) than the controls ($0.94{\mu}m$). Workers in the exposed group also had higher white blood cell and red blood cell counts, and lower levels of mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration, and mean corpuscular volume in comparison with normal levels for these parameters. Malathion was not detected in the control group. However, in the exposed group, 72% of whole blood samples had malathion with a mean value of 0.14 mg/L (range 0.01-0.31 mg/L). Conclusion: We found a strong correlation ($R^2=0.91$) between DNA damage in terms of tail length and malathion concentration in blood. Intensive efforts and trainings are thus required to build awareness about safety practices and to change industrial workers' attitude to prevent harmful environmental and anthropogenic effects.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.510-518
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• 2012

In this research, to modernize traditional food and to make functional bokryung-byung, bokryung-byungwas made with Poriacocos Wolf powder added. During its storage, its moisture content ranged from 42.89 to 44.85%. The control group had the highes tmoisture content (44.85%), and it was reduced significantly as the Poriacocos Wolf powder in creased. The longer the storage period was, the lower the pH and the higher the acidity was. The total bacterial count increased from 2.70 to 3.00 Log CFU/g right after the manufacture and increased rapidly on the fourth day of the storage with more than 7.00 Log CFU/g. There was no difference between the control group and the bokryung-byung, though. The Hunter's color value after the manufacture, with the increase in the added Poriacocos Wolf powder, showed a significantly reduced brightness, but significantly increased redness and yellowness. Their chromaticity did not change, how ever, during their storageat a temperature of $20^{\circ}C$. The hardness, solidity, gumminess, and cohesiveness of the bokryung-byung increased, unlike in the control group, and its brittleness increased. In terms of the overall preference, the preference for the control group was high, but was higher when 5 % Poria cocos Wolf powder was added during the manufacture of the bokryung-byung. As a result of these correlations, it is believed that elastic and chewy dduks are preferred and bokryung-byungs could be developed as functional dduks.