• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.69-85
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• 2024

Social enterprises, hybrid organizations that blend the logic of the public and market economies, have emerged as an alternative to market failure. However, due to the government-led compressed growth of social enterprises, many social enterprises rely on government financial support, and when the support ends, the survival rate drops significantly and the scale remains at the microenterprise level, raising concerns about the quality growth and sustainability of social enterprises. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the social entrepreneurial orientation that affects the sustainable management performance and to empirically analyze the moderating effect of network utilization capabilities in this process. To achieve the purpose of this study, a questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of member organizations in the metropolitan area, including the Incheon City Small Business Association, the Gyeonggi-do Small Business Association etc. The survey was conducted for about two months and a total of 1,300 questionnaires were distributed and 180 were returned, of which 173 were used for empirical analysis, excluding seven that were not returned. The collected survey data were subjected to structural equation modeling test using Smart PLS ver. 4.1 statistical package. The results showed that entrepreneurial value orientation and social value orientation positively influenced both economic and social performance. Convergent value orientation was only found to have an effect on economic performance, but not on social performance. Finally, the moderating effect of network capabilities was also found, suggesting that social entrepreneurial orientation positively affects organizational performance when social network capabilities are higher.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.87-100
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• 2022

Early start-up companies have an inherent limitation of lack of resources. Despite these limitations, in order to survive, the entrepreneur's personal ability to efficiently use limited resources is required. In the marketing field, various studies are needed to reduce the business failure rate through establishing growth strategies and innovation. Accordingly, it is necessary to apply the concept of entrepreneurial marketing, which has been researched and developed overseas for 30 years, to fit the domestic reality. According to the flow of this study, an empirical study should be preceded to clarify the influence relationship between entrepreneurial marketing orientation, marketing competency, and management performance, along with a theoretical theorem on entrepreneurial marketing that is suitable for early start-ups and small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) and can respond innovatively to changes. The establishment of entrepreneurial marketing orientation and the processes from which this concept leads to business performance through the organization's marketing capabilities and its effects will be empirically verified. For an empirical survey, a survey was conducted on founders of 220 companies, and path analysis using structural equations was used for hypothesis verification. The findings are as follows. First, it was found that the entrepreneurial marketing orientation had a positive effect on both the organization's marketing capabilities and management performance. Second, it was found that the organization's marketing capabilities also had a positive effect on management performance. Third, as a result of empirical analysis of the mediating effect of the organization's marketing capabilities on the relationship between entrepreneurial marketing orientation and management performance, it was found that marketing capabilities showed a greater mediating effect on non-financial performance than financial performance. On the other hand, it was confirmed that marketing performance had a stronger mediating effect on financial performance than non-financial performance. By confirming and presenting the concept and constituent factors of entrepreneurial marketing orientation of domestic start-ups, which were academic gaps for the purpose of this paper, the academic research is differentiated in that they were verified as six components of entrepreneurial marketing. The practical implications of the research results will be that the entrepreneurial marketing-oriented mindset of small and medium-sized companies will optimize market analysis capabilities, network with various stakeholders, and increase the organization's ability to demonstrate marketing capabilities.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.35-48
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• 2021

Purpose: This research aims to analyze the influence of relational penetration capability on salesperson performance and the influence of customer orientation, customer knowledge accessibility, and salesperson-customer relationship quality on the relational penetration capability of the insurance service industry in Central Java. Research design, data, and methodology: This explanatory research involved 211 respondents. Path analysis was used to analyze the primary data obtained. Results: The customer orientation positively influences relational penetration capability and customer knowledge accessibility which can improve salesperson performance. The salesperson-customer relationship quality shows a positive impact on the salesperson's relational penetration capability, salesperson performance, and relational penetration capability which will lead to an improved salesperson-customer relationship. Higher knowledge levels of customer necessity have important implications for a salesperson's capability of finding potential customers and of fulfilling customers' requirements through careful analysis of necessity. Conclusions: The salespeople should be capable of building and maintaining a good relationship with their customers as an indication that salespeople of Insurance Service Company Distribution in Central Java have good performance.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.238-273
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• 2019

Social enterprises pursue innovation to create socio-economic impact for the marginalized communities. The founders of social enterprises drive goal-oriented innovation, whereas, interactions with ecosystem is crucial to create and diffuse innovation. However, studies are scant on creation as well as diffusion of innovation emerging from social enterprises. This paper attempts to understand innovation emerging from social enterprises through an exploration of innovation focus, interactions with ecosystem, and measurement of innovation performance. A cross-sectional study is performed to understand the relationship between founders' orientation and innovation performance, and the mediating role of innovation focus and ecosystem interactions. A cluster sampling across four states in India - Karnataka, Telangana, Maharastra and Tamil Nadu - resulted in participation from 207 social enterprises. The results of partial least squared structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) demonstrate the positive complementary mediating role of innovation focus in the relationship between founders' orientation and innovation performance. Moreover, this paper illustrates that founders' persistent focus on innovation creates positive results for social enterprises as well as beneficiaries.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to present the necessary success strategies for the social economy ecosystem and social enterprise stakeholders by empirically examining the structural relationship of factors that affect the sustainable dual performance of social enterprises. Through previous studies, hypotheses and research models were established for the performance factors of social enterprises, and hypothesis testing was performed using PLS-Structural Equation Modeling on 92 sample data collected from the survey. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the social mission, customer orientation, and social network set as performance factors all had a significant positive (+) effect on social performance. In addition, social performance had a significant (+) effect on economic performance by mediating customer orientation and social network excluding social mission, and it was found that the business model strengthened this relationship. In addition to the theoretical significance of demonstrating the structural influence of social enterprise performance factors through this study, practical implications can be found in that it suggests factors that social entrepreneurs should focus on for growth and performance creation.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1025-1035
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify correlation of personality preference, and achievement goal orientation, academic self-efficacy, test anxiety in selecting college students who majored in dental hygiene. This study also provides a basic data regarding personality for education of dental hygiene students. Methods : 192 students of S college who majored in dental hygiene were asked to answer the MBTI GS form, academic self-efficacy scale, achievement goal orientation scale and test anxiety scale during the month of May, 2009. The total of 160 copies were analyzed. MANOVA, independent-sample t-test were conducted. Results : 1. Looking at distribution of personality preference type of the students, extroversion type (63.1%) was more than introversion type(36.9%), sensing type(87.5%) was more than intuition type(12.5%), thinking type(54.4%) was more than feeling type(45.6%), judging type(59.4%) was more than perceiving type (40.6%) 2. In subscale of achievement goal orientation, performance approach level was higher in extroversion type than in introversion type. Performance avoidance level was lower in extroversion type than in introversion type. However, other preference personality type didn't show any significant difference in subscale of achievement goal orientation. 3. Academic self-efficacy was higher in extroversion type and thinking type than in introversion type and feeling type. There wasn't any significant difference between judging type and perceiving type, sensing type and intuition type. 4. In subscale of academic self-efficacy, confidence was higher in extroversion type than in introversion type. Task difficulty preference and self-regulated efficacy were higher in thinking type than in feeling type. 5. There wasn't any significant difference between personality preference type and test anxiety. Conclusions : Professor should find out difference between students through using information of preference personality and develop a teaching strategy that can encourage strength and make up weakness of each students.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.159-170
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• 2003

Purpose : This study is to confirm the relation of the value orientation of the nursing unit manager and the job satisfaction and organizational commitment of the nursing unit nurse. Method : We used the systematic questionnaires as a study tool. The contents were composed of 46 questions in total such as 4 questions of general feature, 23 value-oriented questions, 10 job satisfaction questions, and 9 organizational commitment questions. The period of data collection was from August to September 2000. Result : 1) The value of flexibility was 3.82 points (${\pm}.3788$), which is above average. The values of equalitarianism was 3.37 points (${\pm}.4422$), which is above average. 2) The leadership pattern according to the value orientation perceived by the head nurses in 6 clusters has been divided into 3 patterns of change-oriented leader, task-oriented and stability-oriented leader. 3) The nurses who worked with the change-oriented leader showed higher values of job satisfaction (F=5.941, p=O.003), and affective commitment (F=5.793, p=O.003) than those who worked with the stability-oriented leader. Conclusion : As revealed in this study, we think that we have to consider that the change-oriented leader can produce higher performance of an organization than the stability-oriented leader, and write the basic data for the educational courses of leadership development or workshops etc. in order for the nursing unit managers to play their roles for the effective ward-unit management.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.179-202
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• 2006

The objective of this study is to identify the impacts of communication reinforcement on performance of learning in Web-PBL. Communication reinforcement is defined as the combination of information sharing and co-construction. As factors facilitating communication reinforcement, we propose learner's characteristics, task characteristics, and group characteristics. Learner's characteristics are collaboration-orientation, openness, holistic approach, and online community-orientation which reflects e-learning environment. Collaboration-oriented tasks as group projects were developed and given to groups with 5-6 members. The group characteristics are categorized into 'horizontal' and 'vertical', according to the patterns of communication between a group leader and members. To verify empirically the proposed research model, an experimental design was performed to learners who took on-line and off-line courses with group projects. We found important results as follows; First, field dependence has positive impacts on information sharing, and online community-orientation has positive impacts on co-construction. These results correspond with prior studies on relationship between field dependence and collaborative learning. Second, collaboration-oriented task directly impacts on information sharing, and indirectly affects co-construction, This result implicates that information sharing is pre-requisite of co-construction. Third, 'horizontal' was identified as a factor giving positive effects on information sharing and co-construction. This result implies that horizontal communication is very important to facilitate communication reinforcement.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.15-37
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper was to explain on the conceptualisation of the Halal Orientation strategy (HOS) based on operation strategy perspective. The four variables constitute in HOS are staffing, materials, production process and storage together with transportation. By focusing on HOS, the manufacturers reinforce improvement in quality, cost control, time and flexibility of the production Halal food industry in Malaysia which is the performance objective of market competitiveness in Malaysia context. A self-administered questionnaire was designed and used to assess the significant of HOS that lead to improve quality, cost control, reduction in time and the flexibility among Halal food manufacturers in Malaysia. From a total of 443 Halal food manufacturers were involved in this study, only 137 respondents are usable for this research. The study showed significant results for the manufacturers to focus in Halal Orientation strategy (HOS) which have positive impacts on quality, cost control, time and flexibility. This research aimed to measure the HOS among food firms in Malaysia and to determine HOS in relation with the performance objective of operational outcomes.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.10 no.6 s.38
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• pp.321-336
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• 2005

The objective of this paper is to verify, based on the Jaworski & Kohli's previous study (1993) , relationships among top management factor, interdepartmental cooperation, intra-organizational Properties , marketing capability, environmental factor, and export Performance as factors for enhancement of export marketing as pursued by Korean media production enterprises which target overseas market centered on the 'Feel Korea' trend which is recently gaining popularity in Asian economies. This study based its theoretical framework on previous studies on market orientation. For day analysis, this study surveyed a total of 306 employees in 36 media & contents enterprises including KBS, MBC, SBS. etc. Of them, 106 subjects who were primarily engaged in marketing were utilized for final analysis. Based on the previous studies for each variables, a theoretical study model was developed. As a result, the study result was found to be consistent with the previous ones on market orientation by Jaworski & Kohli (1993).