• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.636-646
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the difference of perception about nutritional problems and food intakes and nutrition knowledge score and realities of nutrition education between parents and preschool teachers. This research can be summarized as follows: there was the statistical difference of perception (${\chi}^2$= 52.451, p = 0.000) about nutritional problem of preschoolers between parents and preschool teachers. Parents (56.4%) and teachers (58.5%) identified eating only what they want as the most common nutritional problem of children, but they had different perception about the other problems. To parents, "No nutritional problem" (16.3%) is the second and "Overindulgence of processed food" (11.1%) is the third problem of preschoolers. To teachers, "Overindulgence of processed food" (23.8%) is the second and "Obesity" (14.3%) is the third problem. The perception on food intakes of preschoolers was statistically different in meats (${\chi}^2$= 8.892, p = 0.030), fish (${\chi}^2$= 32.241, p = 0.000), beans (${\chi}^2$= 14.770, p = 0.005), vegetables (${\chi}^2$= 12.706, p = 0.013), fruits (${\chi}^2$= 14.438, p = 0.006) and milk & dairy products (${\chi}^2$= 28.591, p = 0.000) between parents and preschool teachers. However, nutritional knowledge was not different between parents and preschool teachers. While 96.6% of preschool teachers felt that it was necessary to educate preschoolers, only 41.5% of them said that they fulfilled nutrition education, showing that nutrition education was not adequately carried out on the spot. Therefore providing basic materials through which nutritional management guidance and proper nutrition education for preschoolers can be carried out by investigating and analyzing knowledge on their nutrition and meal guidance activities for preschooler teachers and parents.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.970-978
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the lifestyle, food habits, image, perception of beauty and nutrition knowledge between beauty major and non-major college female students. A total of 392 women aged 20s in the survey. SPSS version 21.0 was used for analysis of data. The BMI was high in non-major students (p<0.05), proportion of underweight (p<0.001) and non-drinker (p<0.01) were significantly higher in beauty major students than non-major students. Proportion of total subjects skipped meal by the lack of time. Importance of appearance was significantly higher (p<0.05) in beauty major students. Nutrition knowledge score was significantly higher in beauty major students compared to non-major students (p<0.001).In beauty major students, food intake of meats (p<0.001) and cooked food with oil (p<0.01) were lower white vegetables (p<0.05) and fruits (p<0.01) were higher than non-major students. In conclusion, these results suggest that non-major students need to systematic education program about nutrition and diet.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2009

African Americans in the United States suffer from many health disparities such as obesity, diabetes or hypertension. Lifestyle factors including diet and physical activity play an important role in prevention of these health conditions. The purpose of this research project was to assess beliefs, barriers and self-efficacy of eating a healthy diet and self efficacy of shopping for foods such as whole grains or foods designated as low fat or low sodium. Additionally, the objective was to assess beliefs about healthfulness, appropriate consumption, and protective aspect of specific foods including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. The assessment was done using a survey instrument developed for this study. Data collection took place at two church locations. Data were obtained from 57 African Americans, mean age 50 years old (SD 12.70) completed the survey. The majority of respondents (58.1%) were females and most (75%) had at least some college education. Generally, benefits of eating healthy foods received considerably higher scores compared to barriers of eating healthy. A belief that healthy foods would help to take care of one's body received the highest mean score while a belief that healthy foods are too expensive had the highest score from all barriers. The results showed high self-efficacy of eating and purchasing healthy foods, high awareness of knowledge regarding foods associated with disease prevention but low awareness of recommendations for fruits and vegetables. The high scores for benefits, self-efficacy and knowledge regarding eating healthy foods did not translate into the perception of intake of such foods. Most participants believed that they do not eat enough of healthy foods. Interventions design to help African Americans make dietary changes should be culturally relevant and should involved working on a community level utilizing messages that are familiar and relevant to African Americans.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.567-581
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• 2013

This study aimed to investigate fruit and vegetable consumption status of school children and adolescents and factors influencing their consumption from focus-group interviews with school nutrition teacher(s) and nutritionists. Most of all the evaluated fruit and vegetable intake levels of school children and adolescents was very low. They mentioned the intake of fruit and vegetable was similar between children and adolescents and boys tended to have less vegetable intake than girls. There was substantial difference in the serving frequencies of fruit between schools due to budgets. Fruit was consumed more than vegetables and fruit without seeds or peeled fruit was more preferred by children and adolescents. Factors affecting fruit and vegetable intake of children and adolescents were analysed by personal, family and school. Personal factors were gender, child development level, the lack of knowledge or perception on vegetables, westernized diet pattern and the preference of spicy foods. Family factors were the perception of parents, family meal environment, and income disparity. The factors related to schools were the principal, class teacher, friends, nutrition teacher, cooking and serving methods, cooking personals, budget and so on.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.973-981
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the correlation with subjective oral health status and food preference in elderly people. Methods: Data were extracted from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey 2010-2012. The survey data included general characteristics of the subjects, food preference, and subjective oral health status. Food preference was analyzed by assigning score to 63 food categories. The subjective oral health status consisted of toothache within a month, self-perception of oral health, chewing difficulty, mastication difficulty, and speaking difficulty. Data were analyzed by frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$ test, t-test, and ANOVA using SPSS 22.0 program. Results: Elderly men had a tendency to have a liking for all food categories except for fruit. Difficulty in chewing and mastication was shown in those who had older age, lower education, lower monthly income, and national basic livelihood security. Difficulty in speaking was found in those who had older age, lower education, and national basic livelihood security. Self perception of oral health status was closely related to food preference for pulses and potatoes, fish, vegetables and others(p<0.05). Difficulties in chewing and mastication had relation to all food categories excepting cereals, lipids and sugars(p<0.05). Speaking difficulty were significantly different in pulses, potatoes, meat, eggs, vegetables, fruits, milk, dairy products, and others(p<0.05). Conclusions: Poor subjective oral health status was closely related to food preference. It is necessary to educate that maintenance of good oral health is to ingest the balanced nutrition in the elderly people.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1293-1300
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• 2001

본 연구는 부산지역 급식소에 종사하는 영양사 245명을 대 상으로 설문지를 이용하여 단체급식소에서의 냉장 조리 채 소의 이용성에 대한 인식을 파악하였다. 이에 대한 견과는 다음과 같다 영양사들은 전처리된 채소의 구입성에 대해 75.9 %가 필요하다고 인식하고 있었고 채소 식자재 활용시의 문제점으로는 75.4%가 전처리시간이 길다고 응답하였다. 급식소에 서 구매하는 조사대상 품목 중 전처리가 가장 높은 채소는 마늘로 나타났고 다음은 도라지 , 양파, 파, 당근의 순으로 나타났다. 무, 오이 . 호박, 시금치 , 상치 , 감자는 원재료 그대 로 또는 흙이 제거되고 정리된 상태의 것들로 구입되고 있는 것으로 나타났다 초등학교급식 소는 다른 급식소보다 양파, 파를 전처리가 많이 된 상태의 식자재를 구입하고 있는 것으 로 나타났고 조리종사원이 담당하는 급식인원수가 많은 경 우(172식 이상), 콩나물 . 숙주나물류, 감자류, 배추류, 양파, 파, 도라지를 전처리가 많이 된 상태의 채소를 구입하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 냉장조리 채소의 개발에 대해 40%이상이 바람직하다고 응답하였으나 영 양사 경력 이 많은 경우 냉장 조리 채소의 개발에 대해 부정적인 견해를 나타냈다. 냉장조 리 채소가 개발될 경우 개선 정도에 대해 쓰레기발생의 감소 와 조리 시 간 및 조리 과정 단축에 대한 개선점 수는 높았으나 인건비 절감, 음식품질 개선, 식재료비의 감소에 대해서는 개 선점수가 낮게 나타났다 초등학교급식소가 산업체급식소보다 인건비 절감과 식재료비 절감에서 개선에 대한 점수가 유 의적으로(P<0.01)낮게 나타났다 냉장조리 채소는 조리법에 서 튀김 . 전류, 볶음류에 적용할 수 있다는 견해가 높은 것으로 나타났는데 국류는 대학교급식소, 찌개류는 산업체급식소, 무침류는 대학교급식 소가 적용 가능한 조리법 이라 하였고 볶음류는 중 .고등학교급식소, 튀김 . 전류는 초등학교 급식소가 가장 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 살펴볼 때, 국내 에서는 아직 냉장조리 채소의 이용에 대한 인식은 낮은 편이나 채소 식자재 이용시의 문제점인 쓰레기 발생의 감소, 조리 시간 및 조리과정의 단축면에서는 단체급식소에서 매우 유효하게 이용될 수 있다 그리고 냉장조리 채소는 체계화된 과학 적인 방법으로 대량생산하는 경우 원가절감이 가능하고, 정확한 포장단위에 의해 구매할 수 있어 재료의 손실을 줄여 식 재료비의 감소도 가능하다. 그러므로 앞으로 채소를 위 생 적이며 간편하게 이용할 수 있도록 냉장조리 채소에 대한 개발과 대량생산 및 체계적인 보급 방안에 대한 지속적인 연구를 통해 국내 단체급식소가 가지고 있는 운영상의 많은 문제점들을 개선시켜야 하겠다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1566-1571
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• 2005

선편이 농식품의 소비형태를 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 과실 및 채소류의 구입 장소는 대형할인마트가 60.5$\%$로 가장 많으며 연령이 감소할수록 대형할인마트에서의 구입 빈도가 높았다. 과실 및 채소류의 구입 빈도는 직장인보다는 전업주부의 구입 빈도가 높았다. 신선편이 농식품을 구입하게 된 동기는 조리시간 단축, 적정량 구입이 가장 많은 것으로 나타났고, 구입 하지 않은 이유로는 비싼 가격과 신선해 보이지 않기 때문으로 대답하였으나 향후구입 의향에 대해서는68.1$\%$가 긍정적인 대답을 하였다. 신선편이 농식품의 구입 경험은 62$\%$로 식품소비층인 30$\∼$40대, 고학력일수록 더 많이 구입한 것을 알 수 있었다 또한 구입경험이 있는 사람은 편리성, 신선함, 맛, 다양성 등의 긍정적인 반응을 보였으나 구입경험이 없는 사람은 익숙하지 않거나 비싸다고 대답하였다. 신선편이 농식품의 구매 형태는 필요한 양만큼 절단된 형태를 선호하였으며, 신선편이 농식품의 적정가격 수준은 110$\∼$140$\%$를 가장 많이 선택했다. 신선편이 농식품의 고려 요인으로는 신선함, 위생, 외관 등의 순이었고 이들을 개선한다면 지속적으로 구매하겠다고 대답한 사람이 87.7$\%$였다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.672-682
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• 2011

This study was conducted to examine the differences in perceived body weight and image and various lifestyles based on the self-rated health of university students when gender was adjusted. Five hundred fifty-five participants were asked their perceived health condition, and 58, 289, 160 and 48 students answered themselves as "very healthy", "healthy", "normal", and "unhealthy", respectively. As compared to the other 3 groups, "unhealthy" group showed higher proportions in dissatisfaction of body weight and negative perception of body image (P < 0.01). As health related lifestyles, "very healthy" group reported longer sleeping time than "unhealthy" group (P < 0.05), and had a higher proportion of people with regular exercise. Among the dietary behaviors, the frequencies of followings significantly different among the groups: "Regularity of meal time" (P < 0.01), "Eat protein foods more than twice a day" (P < 0.001), "Eat vegetables" (P < 0.01), "Eat fruit and fruit juice" (P < 0.01), "Eat vegetable oil added foods" (P < 0.01), "Eat seaweed" (P < 0.01), "Eat breakfast" (P < 0.01), "Modulation in animal fat and high in cholesterol intake" (P < 0.01). Particularly, higher proportion of subjects answered "very healthy" had higher frequencies (6-7 times/week) of these dietary behaviors. Overall results suggest that healthy lifestyle including adequate sleeping time, regular exercise, and good dietary behaviors might be potential factors affecting positive perception of health. In addition, positive perception of body weight and image were related with positive perception of health.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.517-530
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• 2016

This research was conducted on Seoul region elementary, middle, and high school nutritionists to analyze execution conditions of HACCP control standards, focusing on PHF and CCP 3~CCP 7, in order to determine more efficient methods for school meals' sanitation system settlement. All surveys were distributed and collected via email. A total of 305 survey papers were collected, and 300 school results were analyzed. The following percentage of nutritionists perceived the following foods as potentially hazardous foods(PHF): raw or cooked animal foods (94.7%), blossomed seed products (93.7%), packed pickled radish (36.7%), unopened mayonnaise (30.2%), and unopened snails & corn cans 54.8%. Exactly 51.2% of nutritionists believed that foods were properly supplied via CCP 3's food quality standard. Exactly 33.9% of nutritionists answered that they had never corrected the digital thermometer since there were no issues with the CCP 4's digital thermometer correction frequency level. As for CCP 5's chroline disinfection of green vegetables, 57.1% of nutritionists answered that vegetables were slightly softened while 36.2% said there were no changes at all. According to the nutritionists, the most difficult execution level of CCP levels (excluding CCP 3, CCP 4) was CCP 7 (37.1%), CCP 6 (16.4%), and CCP 2 (16.4%). For the above results, proper training/education must be enforced so that nutritionists can have a clear notion of the PHF. A solution must be developed enhancing the execution of CCP 4's digital thermometer correction frequency level. For CP 5's chroline disinfection of green vegetables, food characteristics must be considered to suggest an appropriate number and method of cleansing. Furthermore, cooking employees are needed that properly use and manage cooling & heating equipments to maintain heated foods above $57^{\circ}C$ under the CCP 7 standard.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2010

This study was conducted to improve the kimchi intake for high school students of various kimchi sub-ingredients and foods using kimchi. The students believed that kimchi is good for health. The overall satisfaction, baechu quality and the taste and degree of fermentation of kimchi was high, but there was a low preference for offered kimchi kinds, kimchi subingredient, foods using kimchi. The types of kimchi preferred and often offered in school meals were baechu-kimchi and kkakdugi. The common kimchi sub-ingredients were radish and welsh onion in vegetables, squid and oyster in sea foods, saeu-jeot and myeolchi-jeot in salted fish, and pear and apple in fruits. The preference for kimchi sub-ingredients were high for sesame leaf and yeolmu in vegetables, saeu-sal and squid in sea foods, saeu-jeot and nakji-jeot in salted fish, and pear and apple in fruits. The foods using kimchi preferred and often offered with school meals were kimchi-jjigae, bokkeumkimchi, kimchi soup, kimchi-bokkeum-bap, and kimchi-jeon. The kimchi sub-ingredient for which students had the greatest preference was meats. Among the foods using kimchi with meats, the most preferred were kimchi-pyeonyuk bossam, doejigogi kimchi duruchigi, and kimchi galbi-jjim. Among the foods using kimchi with noodles, the most preferred were kimchi- bibimmyeon, kimchi -naengmyeon, and kimchi-cheese spaghetti. Among the foods using kimchi with vegetables, the most preferred were kimchi-pa-jeon, kimchi- deopbap and kimchi- goguma gui. Of the foods using kimchi with processed foods, the most preferred were kimchi-mandu, kimchi-bacon jumeok-bap and kimchi- cheese omelet. Among the foods using kimchi containing sea food, kimchi-haemul bokkeum-bap, kimchi-hoe-deopbap, and kimchi-saeu-jjim were most preferred. Overall, these results suggest that various kimchi sub-ingredients and foods using kimchi should be improved for kimchi intake of school meals.