• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.189-203
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• 2000

This study was proposed preschooler consumer education curriculum to give effect at a preschooler education institute and was investigated into relations with practical degree, needful degree and demandable degree according to preschooler teacher's characteristics. The survey of this research was conducted by means of questionnaire with 548 teachers of nursery and kindergarten in Seoul. Also it was carried out two stages cluster sampling, personal interview. the statistics used for data analysis was frequency, mean, percentile, t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson's r, and regression using the SPSS/PC+ program. The results and findings of this study were summarized as follows. 1) Practical degree on total preschooler consumer education was looked into being low, also needful degree on total preschooler consumer education examined being very high. 2) Demandable degree on preschooler consumer education differed significantly according to preschooler education institute, preschooler's age in charge. 3) Practical degree on preschooler consumer education correlated positively to needful degree on preschooler consumer education. And practical degree on preschooler consumer education correlated negatively to demandable degree on preschooler consumer education. 4) Preschooler teacher's age and career had affected to money management in practical degree by regression analysis used to dummy variable related with characteristics of preschooler teacher.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.611-619
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• 2003

Characteristics of the ozone concentrations in Seoul were analyzed for the data between May and September from 1996 to 2000. Observation data from 27 stations in Seoul are used. Among the results from 27 stations, representative results from 2 stations (City hall and Gwanak representing downtown and background areas of Seoul, respectively) are presented. The 24-hour average ozone concentrations of Gwanak (28.6 ppb) are higher than City hall (14.9 ppb). The 24-hour average ozone concentrations on Sunday are higher than other days at both sites. During weekday, the 24-hour average ozone concentrations on Wednesday are higher than other days. Although the mean of the I-hour daily maximum ozone concentrations at Gwanak is higher than City hall, the . ozone concentrations above 95th percentile at City hall are higher than Gwanak. As a result, the number of days on which the 1 - hour ozone concentration exceeding 100 ppb and 120 ppb at Gwanak (17 and 3) are lower than City hall (29 and 9). To sum up, both sites are VOCs limited region and the mean ozone concentration in Gwanak is higher because of the lower N0$_2$ concentration. But high ozone cases occur more frequently in City hall when conditions are right.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.73-85
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• 2020

The study aims to provide better understanding of sustainable earnings by a comprehensive analysis of earnings persistence of business firms in Vietnam as an example of developing economies in South-East Asia. Dataset of 1,278 publicly listed firms (excluding banking and financial services firms) on Vietnam Stock Exchange for the period from 2008 to 2017 was collected. By applying fixed effect regression model, the empirical results provided the basis to measure the persistence index (Pers index) and find low level of their earnings persistence. The literature of earnings quality analysis in developed countries suggests earnings persistence as a noteworthy determinant of future earnings forecast and stock valuation. However, research of sustainable earnings in developing countries is still highly underdeveloped. For Vietnamese listed firms, the average Pers index was estimated for the period from 2008 to 2010, indicating low level of earnings persistence. We also incorporated earnings persistence level into future earnings forecast by running the quintile regression model divided the data into four equal levels and conducted each section independently to see the difference in each percentile, thence assessed the factors' influence on the specific model. The findings provide important information on the expected returns of firms, especially helping investors make sound decisions.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.55 no.9
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• pp.344-349
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• 2012

Purpose: Short sleep duration is associated with obesity. Urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-OHMS), the principal metabolite of melatonin, is closely related with sleep. We evaluated the difference in urinary 6-OHMS levels between obese girls and normal weight girls, and the relationship of urinary 6-OHMS with other hormones regulating body weight and metabolism. Methods: A total of 79 girls (6.3 to 12.4 years) were included in this study, of whom 34 were obese; 15, overweight; and 30, normal-weight. We examined their pubertal status and bone age. Fasting serum levels of total ghrelin, leptin, insulin, and first morning urinary 6-OHMS were measured. Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated from the fasting insulin and glucose levels. Results: There was no significant difference in the creatinine adjusted 6-OHMS levels between the obese girls and the control group. Urinary 6-OHMS did not show any correlations with body mass index (BMI), BMI percentile, total ghrelin, leptin, and HOMA-IR. Negative correlations were found between urinary 6-OHMS levels and chronological and bone ages. Conclusion: Our results suggest that melatonin production is not reduced consistently in obese girls.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.393-405
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data needed for developing comprehensive child edu-care programs that fits the regional needs. Subjects of the survey were the teachers of child edu-care centers in Daejeon. 95 teachers were selected from 20 child edu-care centers, using stratified random sampling method, from all of five municipal districts of the city. Gathered data were analyzed using SPSS 10.0 for reliability, factor analysis, frequency and percentile, mean, standard deviation, paired samples t-test and F-test. The summary of the findings were as follows: First, the result of survey on the child edu-care facts showed that the most child edu-care centers had the focus on caring and education programs of children, while emotional supports for family services and community social services were rather secondary importance. Therefore, to achieve the comprehensive service programs, child edu-care services should be harmonized by the education and welfare approaches. Second, centered around teacher's request, comprehensive child edu-care program that fits the regional characteristics focuses on family service; thus the program requires family group consulting, parents education etc., as well as focusing on community service to utilize local community's human, physical resources and to strengthen the tie between local community and child care services.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.13-26
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• 2008

The purposes of this study was to examine the effects of undergraduate's optimism and family-control on their awareness of caregiving for the elderly. The subjects for this study were 374 undergraduates from 4 universities in G city. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS WIN(ver. 12.0) program, and frequency and percentile, mean and standard deviation, t-test, correlation analysis, multiple regression, and path analysis were utilized. The main findings of the study were as follows. The undergraduate's degree of optimism and family-control, and their awareness of caregiving for the elderly were slightly higher than the average. In addition, the undergraduate's optimism and family-control were differed according to their 'existence and/or nonexistence of religion', and their awareness of caregiving for the elderly was significantly different depending on 'existence and/or nonexistence of religion', and 'existence and/or nonexistence of living together with their grandparents'. It was also found that the undergraduate's awareness of caregiving for the elderly was directly influenced by their family-control, whereas their awareness of caregiving for the elderly was indirectly influenced by their optimism via family-control.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.82-88
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• 2010

This study aimed to define a one portion size of food items frequently consumed for convenient use by Koreans in food selection, diet planning, and nutritional evaluation. We analyzed using the original data on 5,436 persons (60.87%) aged 20~64 years among 8,930 persons to whom NHANES 2005 and selected food items consumed by the intake frequency of 30 or higher among the 500 most frequently consumed food items. A total of 374 varieties of food items of regular use were selected. And the portion size of food items was set on the basis of the median (50th percentile) of the portion size for a single intake by a single person was analyzed. In cereals, the portion size of well polished rice was 80 g. In meats, the portion size of Korean beef cattle was 25 g. Among vegetable items, the portion size of Baechukimchi was 40 g. The portion size of the food items of regular use set in this study will be conveniently and effectively used by general consumers in selecting food items for a nutritionally balanced diet. In addition, these will be used as the basic data in setting the serving size in meal planning.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.338-343
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• 2011

This study assessed the current EAR, RDA, and AMDR for protein, which were set in 2005 and revised in 2010 as the DRIs for Koreans. A classical approach to establish the EAR for protein has been the nitrogen balance method. This method has practical limitations and problems in statistical analysis by giving over estimations of nitrogen balance. Thus, the present EAR for protein might be lower than the true requirement. Recent reevaluations of nitrogen balance studies by bilinear regression analysis and the IAAO method have indicated that the EAR of 0.66 g/kg bw/d should be increased by 39% to give 0.92 g/kg bw/d. The AMDR for protein in the Korean DRIs was set at 7-10%, which covers almost the entire population's protein intake. Since the 5th percentile of Korean protein intake is close to 10% of energy and due to the beneficial effects of protein beyond the maintenance of nitrogen equilibrium, the lower range of 7% needs to be increased up to 10%. For practical meal arrangement, 15% of energy as protein, which is close to the average protein intake of Koreans, seems to be proper, although the value is almost two times the EAR.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.95-102
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• 2018

The objective of this research is to explore the diverse challenges faced by the customer as well transport providers through the selected modes of transportation of the second most populous country in the world - India. Two separate well-structured questionnaires administered to garner the opinions on different challenges. A random sample of 100 equally selected from the customers of 3 modes of transportation along with 30 transport providers. The collected data was analyzed in Microsoft Excel and R Studio platforms using Percentile Rank Tool and R Programming Language for Chi-square test respectively. Traffic congestion coupled with parking is the major problem in case of roadways while Safety and cleanliness in railways are the first amongst the problems to reckon with. High fares and lack of trained employees are the biggest challenges faced by aviation industry. The research is concentrated only in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana in India with most widely used three modes of transportation viz., Road, Rail and Airways. This research paper is first of its kind which has collected the opinions of both customers as well transport providers on the problems faced. This research proffers information about the challenges faced by the customers which there will be an enormous possibility to review their strategies and plans.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.171-183
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to search a tendency of marital stability, and to identify the variables influencing on marital stability of urban couples. The sample was selected from the married couples living is Seoul. Total sample consisted of 476 spouses(238 couples) finally selected datum sources. The data were analyzed by the statistical method such as the fator analysis, frequency distribution, percentile, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and χ2 test analysis. The main results were as follows ; 1) In general the score of marital stability of urban couples was somewhat high. 2) Among the related variables, socio-demographic variables such as Socio-Economic Status(SES), religion, social background have turned out to be significant on the marital stability, Also, marital satisfaction and attitude toward divorce influenced marital stability. 3) The important influential variables on the marital stability were in the order of marital satisfaction, attitude toward divorce, ears of marriage. 4) Four types of marital stability are identified based on marital satisfaction and attitude toward divorce. Among the surveyed couples, 39.7% showed the most ideal pattern in the sense that they show high scores on marital satisfaction and negative attitude toward divorce. On the other hand, 25.2% showed high psychological instability that they show low scores on marital satisfaction and positive attitude toward divorce. After all the most signigicant variable relating to marital stability was marital satisfaction.