• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Objectives We aimed to compare the bone age (BA) estimation by a deep learning-based program and by a specialist in pediatrics of Korean medicine using the Tanner-Whitehouse 3 (TW3) technique for the cases of children who visited a Korean medicine hospital for growth, and to report the effect of Korean medicine treatment. Methods For three children who visited the Korean medicine hospital for growth, BA estimation by the deep learning program and by the specialist in pediatrics of Korean medicine using the TW3 technique was compared, and the time required for estimation was investigated. The change of height, BA, and predicted adult height (PAH) using deep learning program after Korean medicine treatment was observed. Results BA estimation of the left hand bone X-ray by the specialist using the TW3 technique showed a difference of -0.03 to +0.15 years from the estimation by the deep learning program. The mean estimation time was 5 minutes and 49 seconds per one for the specialist and 48 seconds for the deep learning program. During the treatment period, the height percentile and PAH estimated by deep learning program were increased after Korean medicine treatment compared to baseline while acceleration of BA was suppressed compared to chronological age. Conclusions BA estimation using the deep learning program and the TW3 technique showed a difference of less than 0.15 years, and in three cases of patients with growth as the chief complaint, Korean medicine treatment increased height percentile and PAH without accelerating BA maturation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.642-651
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• 2013

This study sought to evaluate the daily intakes of sodium saccharin and sucralose for individuals in Korea with average and high levels of consumption of both these substances. The estimated daily intake of both sweeteners was determined from analytical data and dietary intake data collected as part of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey. Analysis of the data showed that sodium saccharin was found in 53 (15.6%) of 339 processed foods analyzed, whereas sucralose was found in 141 (23.9%) of 590 processed foods analyzed. The average intake of sodium saccharin was 1.18% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) defined by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert committee on Food Additives (JECFA). The average intake of sucralose was 0.55% of ADI. The 95th percentile intakes of sodium saccharin and sucralose were 5.29% and 15.66% of ADI, respectively. Children 6 years old and younger consumed more sodium saccharin and sucralose than did children from any of the other age groups tested. In conclusion, the average daily intakes of sodium saccharin and sucralose within members of the Korean population fall within safe levels.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.77-81
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• 1998

The author exprienced a case of glycogen storage disease type Ia(GSD-I) in an 18-year-old male patient who was admitted to our hospital due to proteinuria and hypertension. he was suspected to have GSD when 12 years old because of his family history of short stature and hepatomegaly. On admission, physical examination revealed short stature, heparomegaly, and The diagnosis of GSD-I was confirmed by compatible liver biopsy finding and enzyme assay which erealeddeficiency of glcose-6-phosphatase if hepatocyte. Sympromatic treatment was done using antihypertensive drugs and allopurinol with diet control. The authors report a case of glycogen storage disease type Ia completely confirmed by typical clinical manifestation, pathologic findings of the liver and the kidney, and the result of enzyme assay which revealed deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase in hepatocytes with brief review fo related literatures.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.193-201
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• 2010

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a comprehensive terminology that includes nursing bottle caries and rampant dental caries occurred in infants and children. In previous studies, ECC was thought to affect body growth of children negatively. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ECC on body growth of children in respect of their chronologic age and degree of dental caries. Height and body weight were used as means for physical growth measurements. Children, who visited the pediatric department of Yonsei University Dental Hospital, received oral and physical examinations, and they were divided into the control and ECC groups. Then, each group was subdivided according to their age and gender. Two-sample T test was used to compare the mean height and body weight of the control and ECC groups, and Likelihood Ratio Chi-square test was used to compare their growth percentile distribution. When the mean height and weight were compared, there was a common tendency observed even though statistical significance was not found in all cases. Before the age of 3-4, the mean height and weight tended to be greater in the ECC groups compared to the control groups, whereas after the age of 3-4, the mean height and weight of the ECC group tended to be less compared to the control group. In addition, in groups with age equal or greater than 3-4, which presented significant difference in height and body weight, the percentage of children showing less than 3 percentile growth was greater in the ECC group than the control group. These results imply the negative effects of the ECC on physical growth of the infants and children, and its effects on physical growth may present different characteristics according to chronologic age of the patients.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.525-536
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• 2014

In this study, a method to assess and monitor hydrological drought using remote sensing was investigated for use in regions with limited observation data, and was applied to the Upper Namhangang basin in South Korea, which was seriously affected by the 2008-2009 drought. Drought information may be obtained more easily from meteorological data based on water balance than hydrological data that are hard to estimate. Air temperature data at 2 m above ground level (AGL) were estimated using remotely sensed data, evapotranspiration was estimated from the air temperature, and the correlations between precipitation minus evapotranspiration (P-PET) and streamflow percentiles were examined. Land Surface Temperature data with $1{\times}1km$ spatial resolution as well as Atmospheric Profile data with $5{\times}5km$ spatial resolution from MODIS sensor on board Aqua satellite were used to estimate monthly maximum and minimum air temperature in South Korea. Evapotranspiration was estimated from the maximum and minimum air temperature using the Hargreaves method and the estimates were compared to existing data of the University of Montana based on Penman-Monteith method showing smaller coefficient of determination values but smaller error values. Precipitation was obtained from TRMM monthly rainfall data, and the correlations of 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month P-PET percentiles with streamflow percentiles were analyzed for the Upper Namhan-gang basin in South Korea. The 1-month P-PET percentile during JJA (r = 0.89, tau = 0.71) and SON (r = 0.63, tau = 0.47) in the Upper Namhan-gang basin are highly correlated with the streamflow percentile with 95% confidence level. Since the effect of precipitation in the basin is especially high, the correlation between evapotranspiration percentile and streamflow percentile is positive. These results indicate that remote sensing-based P-PET estimates can be used for the assessment and monitoring of hydrological drought. The high spatial resolution estimates can be used in the decision-making process to minimize the adverse impacts of hydrological drought and to establish differentiated measures coping with drought.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.199-210
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• 1996

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis(IHPS), which occurs three of 1,000 live births, is a major cause of nonbilious vomiting of early infancy but its etiology and pathogenesis are still obscure. The operation of pyloromyotomy as described by Ramstedt in 1912 remains the standard of care for the treatment of IHPS. From January 1993 to October 1996, 35 infants with IHPS were surgically treated and the following results were obtained. 1. Thirty-five patients comprised 32 males and 3 females, and the ratio of male to female was 10.7:1. 2. The most prevalent age group was between 2 weeks and 8 weeks. 3. Of 35 infants, first born babies were 23 cases(65.7%). 4. Breast feeding was in 23 cases(65.7%). 5. The body weight percentile at admission was lower than 50 percentile in all 35 cases. 6. Onset of symptoms was predominantly between 1week and 2 weeks in 11 cases(31.4%). 7. All had a history of nonbilious vomting, generally projectile in nature. 8. In the measured serum electrolytes, hypokalemia was noted in 9 cases(25.7%), hypochloremia was observed in 14 cases(40.0%). 9. In the preoperative ultrasonography, the average muscle thickness, diameter, and length of the pylorus were 6.2mm, 12.1mm, and 17.9mm, respectively. 10. Among 35 cases, significant sonographic criteria of IHPS, muscle thickness of 5mm or more, were noted in 26 cases(83.9%). 11. A total of seven associated anomalies were noted in six patients. 12. All 35 cases were treated with Fredet-Ramstedt pyloromyotomy. 13. There were postoperative complications of wound infection in 2 cases. Intermittent nonprojectile vomiting was presented in 8 cases(22.9%) after operation, but one of them was relieved in 13 days and the rest were relieved within one week by adjustment of oral intake.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.30 no.4 s.59
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• pp.686-696
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• 1997

This is a cross-sectional study to evaluate the serum lipid levels of children living in Pusan in 1996. The distribution of age is from 2 years old to 12 years old. In female children mean total cholesterol is $171.4{\pm}26.2mg/dl$, triglyceride is $104.7{\pm}50.6mg/dl$, HDL-cholesterol is $54.4{\pm}14.8mg/dl$, and LDL-cholesterol is $95.4{\pm}32.9mg/dl$. In male children mean total cholesterol is $167.9{\pm}25.2mg/dl$, triglyceride is $6{\pm}45.5mg/dl$, HDL-cholesterol is $55.4{\pm}11.7mg/dl$, and LDL-cholesterol is $94.4{\pm}23.6mg/dl$. The percentile of serum lipid levels is measured in children. The 95th percentile of serum total cholesterol is 210mg/d1 in male children, and 214mg/d1 in female children. And, the 95th percentile of serum triglyceride is 184mg/d1 in male children, and 191mg/d1 in female children. And, the 95th percentile of LDL-cholesterol is 133mg/d1 in male children, and 135mg/d1 in female children. Serum total cholesterol is positively .Elated to age(r=0.18), height(r=0.08), weight (r=0.17), obesity index(r=0.12), and negatively .elated to father's education level (r=-0.13), mother's education level(r=-0.13). Serum triglyceride is positively related to weight(r=0.23), age(r=0.31) and negatively .elated to father's education level(r=-0.12), mother's education level(r=-0.18). Serum HDL-C was positively reated to mother's education level(r=0.07) and negatively .elated to height(r=-0.12), weight(r=-0.09). Conclusively, the serum lipid levels of children living in Pusan is generally so high that the family and school must try to control the serum lipid levels.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.18 no.E2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2002

The nationwide NO$_2$monitoring program has been carried out using the passive sampler in Korea since 1993. During the sixteenth periods of measurement, total 26,474 sites of data were collected through eight years. In this paper, the roadside NO$_2$concentration of six major cities were analyzed. As results, the most frequent NO$_2$concentration of Seoul, Incheon, and Daegu ranged from 40 to 60 ppb, and that of Pusan, Kwanju, and Daejeon was from 20 to 40 ppd. Despite that the automobile number of Incheon was less than that of Daegu and Pusan, the exceedence rate of Korean national ambient air quality standard and ninetieth percentile concentration of Incheon were almost the same level as Seoul. In addition, the mean and standard deviation of roadside NO$_2$concentration of Seoul and Incheon was also appeared to be higher than that of other cities. These results indicates that NO$_2$concentration on roadside was affected by the traffic volumes and the traffic flow conditions.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.182-194
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate 1) the effect of family economic stress and parental support on behavior problems of children and 2) family economic stress parental support and behavior problems of children according to their sex and age. The subjects were 72 third grade children and 131 sixth grade children selected from five elementary school(105 male and 98 female) The questionaire was used as a methodological instrument and the statistics used for data analysis were frequency percentile mean ANOVA scheffe test t-test Results of this study indicated that behavior problems of children were increased by family economic stress and were decreased by parental support. The findings also indicated an indirect effect of family economic stress on behavior problems of children : increased stress was associa- ted with lower parental support and lower parental support was associated with higher behavior problems of children Boys were higher than girls in agression and delinquency and sixth grade children were higher than third grade children in obsession.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.69-82
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• 1993

Financial stability of households is the basic and most important factor of the quality of life. It affects emotional psychological mental and social aspects of family personal develop-ment and family healths etc. This study investigated and analyzed the data on financial stability of households. The data collected through the self-administered questionnaire from 466 house-holds in Kwangju area were analyzed. As statistical methods Frequency Percentile. Anova Duncan-test and Regression analysis were used. The results obtained are as follow: Education job status housing tenure type numbers of income source assets income and income flexibility have positive effects on financial stability. Especially numbers of income sources has most important effect. Significant correlation coefficients between financial stability and economic pressures mental healths financial satisfaction life satisfaction and coping behaviors were revealed respectively To improve the quality of life financial stability of household is severely considered. To be financially stable providing various income sources is more desirable than having regular and fixed income.