• 시큐리티연구
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• 제45호
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• pp.161-189
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• 2015

2015년 3월 5일 리퍼트 주한 미국대사 테러사건과 2월 25일 세종시 엽총 사건으로 3명이 사망한데 이어 2월 27일 화성 남양에서도 엽총살인사건이 연이어 발생하며 우리 사회도 더 이상 총기로부터 안전지대가 아니라는 것이 현실화 되고 있다. 국제적으로는, 2015년 1월 18세의 김00이 자발적으로 가입한 이슬람 수니파 원리주의 무장단체인 이슬람국가(IS)등 국제 테러조직으로부터 우리나라도 더 이상 테러로부터 안전지대가 아니라는 우려가 높아가고 있다. 우리나라 경찰위기협상은 1988년 올림픽을 대비하여 대테러 위주로 창설 운영되어 왔으나, 20여 년간 대테러 사건은 한건도 발생하지 않으면서 존재에 대한 회의 및 발전 방향에 대한 논의가 활발히 이루어지고 있는 시점이다. 우리나라는 각종 살인 테러 강도 등 위기상황을 해결하기 위해 전통적인 물리력 행사가 여전히 선호되고 있고 전술적 역량을 강화하고 있다. 그러나, 국민의 신체와 재산을 보호하는 경찰의 기본 임무를 수행하기 위해서는 미국 등 선진국에서 강조하는 위기협상 기법에 대한 교육 확대로 어떤 사건이 발생하던지 초기에 위기협상이 가능한 체계 확립이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 최 일선 경찰관들이 기본 협상가로서의 역할을 수행할 수 있도록 경찰의 위기협상 운영 실태를 파악하고, 내부 교육 자료 및 언론을 분석하여, 경찰 위기협상의 교육, 선발 등 발전 방향에 대한 대책을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.848-863
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• 2021

연구목적: 2021년 8월 16일 탈레반은 국제테러조직간 공고한 동맹관계를 이용하여, 아프가니스탄 수도 카불을 점령한 뒤 탈레반 정권을 수립하였다. 탈레반은 대한민국 국민을 대상으로, 2004년 김선일 피랍, 2007년 샘물교회 교인 피랍, 2009년 지역재건팀에 대한 공격하는 등 테러를 자행하였으며, 2021 대한민국 아프간 난민 구출 작전에 대해서는 적대감을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 고에서는 탈레반에 의한 대한민국 테러 발생 가능성을 살펴보고자 한다. 연구방법: 샘물교회 피랍사건으로 국내에도 잘 알려진 탈레반의 전술, 전략, 공격무기 등 다양한 테러활동을 살펴보고, 아프가니스탄에서 발생한 테러 통계 데이터를 기반으로 국내에서 발생 가능한 테러유형과 테러대상시설을 분석하였다. 연구결과: 탈레반은 아프간 정부를 주요 공격대상으로 하고 있으며, IS와 탈레반은 테러대상 선정에 있어 차이를 보인다. 결론: 아프간을 장악한 탈레반과 전 세계 테러리즘 네트워크를 구축한 IS가 협력하여, 국내 다중이용시설을 대상으로 폭탄테러의 위협을 가한다면, 대한민국은 대테러 관련 미흡한 자원과 대책으로 테러 위기에 직면할 수 있다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2011

오늘날 발달된 무선 네트워크 통신의 기술로 인해 많은 데이터를 빠르게 전송할 수가 있으며, 또한 더 좋은 단말기의 등장으로 멀티미디어 정보를 보여줄 수 있기 때문에 다양한 무선 인터넷 서비스가 가능하게 되었다. 따라서 SKT나 LGT와 같은 통신업체는 2.5세대 무선 기술과 스마트카드를 이용하여 온라인 쇼핑, 모바일뱅킹 등 많은 서비스를 제공하고 있다. 핸드폰을 대부분 사람들이 소유하고 있기 때문에 교통 시스템에 유용한 지불시스템으로 사용할 수 있는데, 모바일 지불 시스템이 무선 온라인 서비스로 이미 개발되어져 있기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 모바일 교통 지불 시스템이 소개되고 있다. 운전자는 고속도로를 이용할 때 통행료를 지불해야한다. 최근에 하이패스 시스템이 개발되어 자동차는 요금을 지불하기 위해 정지하지 않고 톨게이트를 지나가면서 자동적으로 지불이 가능하다. 이러한 지불은 장착된 지불 시스템으로 인해 가능하다. 우리는 좀 더 발전된 형태로 스마트카드를 장착한 핸드폰을 지불 기기로 사용할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하였다. 개인과 금전 정보는 스마트카드에 저장되고 단말기와 OBU와의 통신은 불루투스 방식을 사용한다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.470-479
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• 2020

Objectives: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused the death of 740,000 people around the world as of August 12, 2020. Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Avian Influenza, and African Swine Fever are serious livestock diseases. Government agencies in Korea have provided ingredient information and usage instructions for disinfectants used to counter those infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to provide information on the chemical ingredients in disinfectant products used against COVID-19 and certain livestock diseases. Methods: We collected information from the Korean government. The Central Disaster Management Headquarters and Central Disease Control Headquarters provided information on disinfectant products used against COVID-19. The Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency of Korea provided information on efficacy-certified disinfectant products for use against selected livestock diseases. Health hazard and environmental hazard information on the ingredients in the disinfectants was collected from the Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency's Material Safety Data Sheets, and toxicity value information was collected from United States Environmental Protection Agency's CompTox Chemicals Dashboard. Results: There were 76 COVID-19 disinfectant products in use, and the most common ingredients were benzalkonium chloride (51%), alkylbenzyl dimethyl ammonium (30%), and ethanol (3%). There were 216 livestock disease disinfectant products comprised of 89 acidic, 88 oxidic, 30 aldehydic, three alkaline, and six other products. Among the 49 active ingredients used in the disinfectants that were investigated, health and environmental hazard information was provided for many of them, but only 20 chemicals had official toxicological information. Conclusion: Since the disinfectants included numerous chemicals, an understanding of their chemical characteristics could be critical to prevent unintended human or environmental exposure.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2016

DDoS 공격은 네트워크나 서버 대역이 감당할 수 없는 수많은 양의 트래픽을 일으켜 서버를 마비시키는 공격수단으로 최근까지 지속적으로 이용되고 있다. 대부분 DDoS의 가장 큰 원인은 NTP라고 생각하지만, 최근 일어난 DDoS 공격들을 본다면 증폭기법을 이용한 SSDP 공격을 많이 사용하였음을 알 수 있다. SSDP의 특성상 소스 IP주소 위조와 증폭 요소를 가능하게 해주는 연결이 없는 상태 때문에 공격에 많이 활용되고 특히 웹캠, 공유기, 미디어, 스마트TV, 프린터 등 스마트 홈을 구성하는 IoT기기들에서 DDoS공격을 유발하는 도구로 주로 사용되는 프로토콜이기 때문에 점차 공격을 위한 서버들이 증가될 것으로 예상한다. 이는 단순한 IoT기기의 위협만이 아닌 사람의 생명이나 주요 정부기관 및 기업 시스템의 중요정보에 큰 위험을 가져올 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 IoT기기에서 발생하는 SSDP 프로토콜의 취약점을 이용한 DDoS공격기법을 알아보고 공격시나리오 및 대응 방법을 제안한다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.179-193
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• 2012

The development of modern transportation technology has required many people in spaces (such as vehicle seats, airports, and train stations) for long periods. The public seats provided in these places are manufactured in a standard size; however, fatigue sets in if the seats are unsuitable for the person's physical size. For this reason, this study developed an air cushion vest that would enhance the comfort of vehicle seats. Passengers in vehicles, trains, airplanes, and buses were observed and surveyed to understand the demand for seat comfort. Our analysis found that the greatest source of discomfort was involuntary nodding of the head while asleep and discomfort around the waist area. For this reason, the air cushion vest was designed to support the head and the waist. The neck cushion of this vest was designed to strengthen head support to counter forward nodding because existing commercial neck cushions had no support for forward nodding. For the waist cushion, at lumbar and below-lumbar parts were chosen as the key parts to be supported, the cushion was designed to contain air at those parts. To cover the embedded waist cushion, the vest was designed to be long. The closure was constructed with zippers from the neck to waistline, and with invisible snaps from the waistline to the hemline so that the wearer could open them easily while seated. A subjective comfort evaluation was conducted to verify the effectiveness of the developed vest. In the test, the developed cushions received a better evaluation than cushions currently available on the market. The volume of the vest could be adjusted by the inflow and outflow of air. It was proven that the vest was effective in terms of comfort and portability. This shows that the developed vest could enhance passenger comfort while sitting on vehicle seats.

• Strategy21
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• 통권39호
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• pp.114-139
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• 2016

Korea and China are neighboring countries with close contacts in many areas from long time ago, and have shared interests in maintaining peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula, and in deepening economic relationship which has been mutually complementary in their nature. Therefore their bilateral relations has been developed at a remarkable pace to the extent that it can't be better than now. However, the differences in their responses to North Korean nuclear test and ensuing long-range ballistic missile test-fire and the Chinese strong concern on the possible deployment of THAAD (Terminal High Altitude Air Defence) anti-missile system in Korea show that there are some weaknesses in their relations. For example, Korea is not still confident that China would fully implement the sanction measures contained in the UNSC resolution and I argue that Chinese proposal of parallel negotiation of the denuclearization and the replacement of Korean armistice with the Peace Agreement is not much persuasive. In THAAD issue, if Korea comes to conclusion in the future that THAAD is the most effective way to counter North Korean threats, Korea should make every efforts to assure China that Korea-US alliance is not targeting China, and the THAAD is a defensive system, not damaging Chinese security. In the longer-term, deepening strategic distrust and competition between the US and China in this part of East Asia, changing nature of economic cooperation between Korea and China, and the revival of 'great country mentality' by Chinese people together with the rising nationalism in both Korea and China would cast shadow on Korea-China relation in the years ahead, unless properly handled. In this regard, I suggest that the security communications between the two countries be further strengthened, and the tri-lateral dialogue channel be established among the three countries of Korea, the US and China, particularly on North Korean issues. I also suggest the new pattern of economic cooperation be sought, considering the changing economic environment in China, while strengthening the efforts to understand each other through more interactions between the two peoples.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2019

Purpose - People have long thought that disorderly space would influence their lives negatively. However, disorderly space may have positive impact such as increasing sales for new products for store managers. Borrowing the prior findings that disorderly space enhances creativity, we developed two hypotheses regarding space order, product newness, and new product adoption. We hypothesize that space order negatively influences new product adoption and that the proposed negative effect of space order on new product adoption is moderated by product newness. Research design, data, and methodology - We conducted a pre-test in China using 70 undergraduate students to test whether two newly developed cosmetic products were appropriate for the experimental stimuli. We confirmed that a fragrance patch concept, which is unavailable in the market, is a RNP (Really New Product), and an edible fragrance, which is available in the market, is an INP (Incrementally New Product). Next, we conducted a main experiment with a 2 (Space order: orderly vs. disorderly) × 2 (Product newness: RNP vs. INP) between-subjects design in China using 100 undergraduate students. Half of the participants answered questions on the disorderly desk and the other half answered questions on the orderly desk. Results - We obtained evidence from the main experiment that consumers' new product adoption is the function of space order and product newness. First, participants were more likely to adopt the RNP when they were in the disorderly space than in the orderly space. However, the effect of space order on new product adoption disappeared when the product was INP; the adoption rates for the INP did not differ between the participants who answered questions on the disorderly desk and the participants who did so on the orderly desk. Conclusions - Our findings are counter intuitive. Contrary to the conventional wisdom that neat and tidy space benefits store managers, the research demonstrated that disorderly space increases sales, providing fresh insights into store managers to manage their stores and shops to sell new products. In order to help store visitors understand the value of really new products, store managers will have to sacrifice space order to some extent.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2013

The Norwegian coastal area is the most efficient region for fishery production in the world's oceans, the Norway is the world's top 10 fisheries countries through efficient fishing and fishing aquaculture technology and its scientific management of fisheries bio-resources, with Norwegian salmon having attained the world's highest level. In the late 1980s, fisheries resources were depleted due to overfishing and fish diseases, resulting in a crisis in the fishing industry that lasted until the early 1990s. Since the national fishery emergency, people involved in the fishing industry, including fishermen, research scientists, and government officers, have tried to overcome the challenges facing the industry and identify an appropriate management model for fisheries bio-resources in the Norwegian coastal area. First, research vessels were used to monitor water and sediment conditions and fishery species, with the long-term aim of predicting fishery resources in real time and collecting information on species diversity, abundance, and distribution. Second, a "Healthy Fish Project" was promoted to counter natural disasters and fish disease problems with the development of vaccines against viruses and bacteria, eventually allowing for a decrease in the use of antibiotics and the production of notably healthier fish in the 2000s. Third, a systematic management model was developed to help with preparations for decreases in the total number of fishermen and increases in the proportion of elderly fishermen in the fishery industry using the development of automatic fishing aquaculture systems and short-chain systems. We could learn from the Norwegian model of fisheries bio-resources, management and could adopt it for the preparation of fishery bio-resources management policy for South Korean coastal areas in the near future.

• Strategy21
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• 통권38호
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• pp.163-192
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• 2015

This study is intended for the Maritime Boundaries(Baseline) of the Unified Korea. According to the international law, North-Korea is recognized as a nation. Then with unification, the state succession will be a very important issue. Thus we should seek for the expected problems and counter-measures, by analyzing of the State-succession. There is a conflict of the positive or negative reaction about the state succession. However, in general, 'the principle of continuity' has been applied for at the national border treaty, regardless of the type of State succession. This can be found on Article 11 & 12 of the 「1978 Vienna Convention on Succession of States in Respect of Treaties」, Article 62, paragraph 2 of the 「1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties」, and a series of international case law. Currently it is being understood as customary international law. In summary, although South and North Korea, China, Russia and Japan are not the parties of 「1978 Vienna Convention」, the unified Korea will necessarily have a duty to succeed national boundaries(also, maritime baseline) of North Korea. Specifically, we have an objective and rigorous review of the treaty of maritime baseline that is signed between North Korea and neighboring countries, such as 「National Border Treaty Regime between North Korea and China」 and 「Treaty between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Democratic people's Republic of Korea on the Demarcation of the Soviet-Korea National Border」. Also, we analyzed 'Historical Bays' and 'Straight Baseline' system. By this, we are able to occupy a favorable position when renegotiating with neighboring countries, at the point of unification.