Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2020.46.4.470

Investigation of Ingredients and Hazardous Substances in Disinfectants Used against COVID-19 and Some Livestock Diseases  

Kim, DongHyun (Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University)
Lim, Miyoung (Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University)
Lee, Kiyoung (Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Environmental Health Sciences / v.46, no.4, 2020 , pp. 470-479 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused the death of 740,000 people around the world as of August 12, 2020. Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Avian Influenza, and African Swine Fever are serious livestock diseases. Government agencies in Korea have provided ingredient information and usage instructions for disinfectants used to counter those infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to provide information on the chemical ingredients in disinfectant products used against COVID-19 and certain livestock diseases. Methods: We collected information from the Korean government. The Central Disaster Management Headquarters and Central Disease Control Headquarters provided information on disinfectant products used against COVID-19. The Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency of Korea provided information on efficacy-certified disinfectant products for use against selected livestock diseases. Health hazard and environmental hazard information on the ingredients in the disinfectants was collected from the Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency's Material Safety Data Sheets, and toxicity value information was collected from United States Environmental Protection Agency's CompTox Chemicals Dashboard. Results: There were 76 COVID-19 disinfectant products in use, and the most common ingredients were benzalkonium chloride (51%), alkylbenzyl dimethyl ammonium (30%), and ethanol (3%). There were 216 livestock disease disinfectant products comprised of 89 acidic, 88 oxidic, 30 aldehydic, three alkaline, and six other products. Among the 49 active ingredients used in the disinfectants that were investigated, health and environmental hazard information was provided for many of them, but only 20 chemicals had official toxicological information. Conclusion: Since the disinfectants included numerous chemicals, an understanding of their chemical characteristics could be critical to prevent unintended human or environmental exposure.
Keywords
COVID-19; disinfectant; disinfecting chemicals; infectious disease; livestock disease;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Central Disaster Management Headquarters and Central Disease Control Headquarters. Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) domestic occurrence status. Available: http://ncov.mohw.go.kr/bdBoardList_Real.do?brdId=1&brdGubun=11&ncvContSeq=&contSeq=&board_id=&gubun= [accessed 14 August 2020].
2 Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency of Korea. Enforcement Decree Of The Act on the prevention of contagious animal diseases. Available: http://www.law.go.kr/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=212181&efYd=20200611&ancYnChk=0#0000 [accessed 13 August 2020].
3 National Institute of Fisheries Science. Concept and importance of quarantine practice. Available: file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/3.%EB%B0%A9%EC%97%AD%EC%9D%98+%EA%B0%9C%EB%85%90+%EB%B0%8F+%EC%A4%91%EC%9A%94%EC%84%B1%20(5).pdf [accessed 29 June 2020].
4 Korea Pest Control Association. Development of guideline for prevention and disinfection of pest and infectious disease. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2017. p. 5-13.
5 Nabi G, Wang Y, Hao Y, Khan S, Wu Y, Li D. Massive use of disinfectants against COVID-19 poses potential risks to urban wildlife. Environmental Research. 2020; 188: 109916.   DOI
6 Grand View Research. Surface disinfectant market size, share and trends analysis report by form (liquid, wipes), by source (chemical/synthetic, biobased), by end-use (residential, industrial & institutional), and segment forecasts, 2020 - 2027. Available: https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industryanalysis/surface-disinfectant-market/methodology [accessed 21 August 2020].
7 Central Disaster Management Headquarters and Central Disease Control Headquarters. Disinfection guidelines to prevent the spread of COVID-19 at public and multi-purpose facilities (3-3edition). Available: http://ncov.mohw.go.kr/upload/viewer/skin/doc.html?fn=1589975235173_20200520204715.pdf&rs=/upload/viewer/result/202008/ [accessed 13 August 2020].
8 Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency of Korea. Provision of safety standards for animal disinfectants and pesticides. Available: https://www.mafra.go.kr/mafra/293/subview.do? [accessed 29 June 2020].
9 Dumas O, Varraso R, Boggs KM, Quinot C, Zock JP, Henneberger PK, et al. Association of occupational exposure to disinfectants with incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among US female nurses. The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2019; 2(10): 13563.
10 Barghi M, Jin X, Lee S, Jeong Y, Yu J, Paek W, et al. Accumulation and exposure assessment of persistent chlorinated and fluorinated contaminants in Korean birds. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 645: 220-228.   DOI
11 McDonnell G, Russell AD. Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 1999; 12(1): 147-179.   DOI
12 Ministry of Environment. Ecolife system-consumer product list. Available: http://ecolife.me.go.kr/ecolife/chmstryMttr/chmstryMttrIndex [accessed 21 August 2020].
13 Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency of Korea. Veterinary drugs. Available: http://medi.qia.go.kr/homep/search/search_list.jsp?pastpQuery=&pQuery=*&check=3&comp_flag=1§ion=out_ci_col_dr_sec_i&pQuery_tmp=*&x=26&y=10 [accessed21 August 2020].
14 Ministry of Environment. Ecolife system-ingredient disclosure. Available: http://ecolife.me.go.kr/ecolife/irdntChmstryProduct/irdntChmstrPrdList [accessed 21 August 2020].
15 Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency. Material safety data sheet. Available: https://msds.kosha.or.kr/kcic/msdssearchMsds.do [accessed 21 August 2020].
16 United States Environmental Protection Agency. Chemical and products database. Available: https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard [accessed 21 August 2020].
17 Maris P. Modes of action of disinfectants. Revue Scientifique et Technique. 1995; 14(1): 47-55.   DOI
18 National Institute of Toxicological Research. Understanding the basics of toxicology. National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation. 2007. p. 113-132.
19 United States Environmental Protection Agency. List N tool: COVID-19 disinfectants. Available: https://cfpub.epa.gov/giwiz/disinfectants/index.cfm[accessed 13 August 2020].
20 National Institute of Environmental Research. Chemicals information system. Available: https://ncis.nier.go.kr/main.do [accessed August 21 2020].
21 Hawley B, Casey M, Virji MA, Cummings KJ, Johnson A, Cox-Ganser J. Respiratory symptoms in hospital cleaning staff exposed to a product containing hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, and acetic acid. Annals of Work Exposures and Health. 2017; 62(1): 28-40.
22 Eyre AJ, Personal protective equipment. In: Hick JL, Thorne CD. Ciottone's Disaster Medicine, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Inc; 2016. p. 294-301.
23 Korea Ministry of Government Legislation. Classification of chemical substances. National Law Information Center. 2016. p. 28-29.