• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.150-155
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• 2001

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of rain shelter cultivation on growth characteristic and yield on Paeonia lactiflora Pallas. The sprouting time and flowering time of rain shelter cultivation were 9days and 15days, more quickly than that of field conditions, and stem length and number of stem per plant were many more or larger. The disease occurrence rain shelter cultivation was decreased of rust, anthracnose, powdery mildew and root rot disease compared to field conditions, and leaf spot disease was to similar. The root length, number of root and root diameter were to be good in the rain shelter cultivation. Root color and commercial ratio of rain shelter cultivation were better lighten and improved than field cultivation. Root yield of rain shelter was 2,395kg/10a, this was increased 9% and 27% respectively, compared to 2,201kg/10a, 1,892kg/10a of field A and field B.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.27-30
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• 1999

This experiment was carried out to determine the adequate machine peeling and retting time of peony roots, which are used as medicinal resources in Korea. When the roots were peeled for $10{\sim}30$ minitues in the peeling machine, the epidermis of root was removed, and higher yield was obtained and paeoniflorin content as compared with roots which were peeled for longer time. The paeoniflorin content of root varied with the different parts of root. The highest content was recorded in the upper part and the lowest in the middle part. The loss of paeoniflorin increased in the roots processed for expanded peeling and retting time. Lightness of peeled root was higher and ${\Delta}\;E$ was lower in the roots which were peeled by machine for longer time.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.455-458
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• 2000

Research on pesticide residues as endocrine disruptors in natural medicines was initiated by Korea Food & Drug Administration this year. We determined the presence and levels of certain pesticides in selected natural medicines. The natural medicines collected this year are Glycyrrhiza Root, Cinnamon Bark, Pueraria Root, Polygonatum Rhizome, Jujube, Schizandra Fruit, Lycium Fruit, Liriope Tuber, Eucommia Bark, Peony Root, Korean Angelica, Dioscorea Rhizome, Cnidium Rhizome, Cassia Seed, Platycodon Root, Comus Fruit, Mentha Herb, Epimedium Herb, Bupleurum Root, and Ginger, which have no data for pesticide residues and 192 samples of them were circulated in Korea, 28 samples were circulated in China. In order to analyze many pesticides in large number of samples we used simultaneous multi-residue analysis of pesticides by GC-ECD, which was followed by GC-MSD analysis to confirm the identity of the detected pesticide in each sample.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 1995

'Gyejakjimo-Tang(桂芍知母湯)', which is composed of Cinnamon bark(桂枝), Peony root(芍藥), Anemarrhena root(知母) and other seven herbs, is described as antipyretic, diuretic and analgesic prescription in traditional medical literatures including Geumgwe-Yoryak(金櫃要略). So it is being used in the treatment of gout clinically in oriental region. As the results of the pharmacological and biochemical trials of the prescription, it was found to have antiinflammatory and significant analgesic effects indicated by carrageenin edema, dye permeabilities and writhing behavior. And it potentiated the output of uric acid in blood and the increase of uric acid in urine of alcohol-toxicated rats, which mean the decrease of uric acid level only by excretion procedure. But the prescription didn't show any effects on the activities of adenine/guanine deaminase, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, xanthine oxidase or uricase, which are related with formation and metabolism of uric acid.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 2001

The study was conducted to find effect of irrigation treatment during growth stage on growth and yield of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas L.. In case of top ground part, growth of irrigation treatment at early growing stage(from May 1 to June 12) was larger(stem length of 79.4cm) or thicker(stem diameter of 6.5mm) than stem length of 13.6∼7.4cm and stem diameter of 0.5mm of natural plot and control. The growth of under ground part, root length(34.0cm) and number of root/plant(43.6ea/plant) in irrigation treatment at early growing stage were relatively larger or more number than that of control, and root yield was gained 2,349kg/10a and increased 13% and 8% compare with natural plot and control, respectively. Commercial ratio of root was higher for irrigation treatment at early growing stage, it was increased by 20% than 1,708kg/10a of natural plot.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.362-369
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• 1996

Seven different drying methods were tested in peony roots of Euisung cultivar, harvested in February, in three year's old plant. The roots were selected in length and diameter and half of the samples were removed cork-layers to compare the effects of cork-layer in processing of drying. The 3$0^{\circ}C$ heat drying without cork-layer reduced in days to drying by five days compared to those of the with cork-layers at the same temperature. The 5$0^{\circ}C$ heat drying after cork-layers removed was the most effective in days to drying. In quality of skin color of the 5$0^{\circ}C$ heating was worse to compare with the lower drying temperature. In the drying at room temperature and the heat drying at lower temperature, the paeoniflorin content in drying after cork-layers removed were higher than that of the drying with cork-layers. However, in the boiling water treatment, the paeoniflorin contents in drying after cork-layers removed were lower than those of with cork-layers. In heat drying, paeoniflorin content showed a decreasing tendency to increase of drying temperature. Total sugars in the peony roots showed a decreasing tendency according to the drying temperature increasing, but starch concentration showed a increasing tendency at the same condition. Concentrations of crude protein, crude fiber and crude ash were showed no differences in various drying methods and the materials with or without cork-layers. Relationships between the paeoniflorin and total sugars, and the paeoniflorin and starch were different significantly by the materials of cork-layers removed or not. The 30~4$0^{\circ}C$ heat drying without cork-layers was the most advisable condition for drying in paeoniflorin concentration, days to drying and skin color after drying.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out to gather basic information for improvement of peeling methods in peony (Paeonia lactiflora) roots which have been used for medicinal resources in Korea. Drying time required was shortened in thin root. Optimum drying time after machine peeling appeared to be 20 hrs in 5 to 10mm of root diameter, 39 hrs in 10 to 15mm, 48 hrs in 15 to 20mm, 56 hrs in more than 20mm, but those of unpeeled roots took 11 hrs in 5mm of root diameter and 4 hrs in exposed parent material. Paeoniflorin content in dried roots after peeling was lower than that of unpeeled root. Paeoniflorin content in root below 5mm in diameter was highest (6.15 %) and that was decreased in the increased root diameter up to 20mm, but it was slightly increased in root greater than 20mm in diameter.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.235-246
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• 2018

Paeony has pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-bacterial, central inhibitory, gastric secretion inhibition, and antispasmodic activities. In addition, its antioxidant activity and whitening effect being reported, thus it is being explored as raw materials for cosmetics. We compared the changes in the contents of paeoniflorin and paeonol in Peony extracts, depending on the changes of extracting solvents, temperature and time. The HPLC method was set up for simultaneous analysis, the system suitabilities were confirmed by using the calibration curves and the QC samples for each assay batch. Paeonol was detected only in roots, and paeoniflorin was higher in leaf and flower than root. Higher concentrations of both ingredients were extracted when the root was used after grinding to a suitable size, and when 30% 1,3-butylene glycol was used as the extraction solvent. Also the concentrations tended to increase at higher temperature and longer time, but the increase was gradual at over $75^{\circ}C$ and 4 hours. The ratio of root, leaf and flower was determined to be 2+2+1g/0.5kg of batch, reaching the contents criteria of paeoniflorin and paeonol. Finally, we selected as the best extraction condition when the raw materials are mixed with 2+2+1g/0.5kg and extracted with 30% 1,3-butylene glycol as an extraction solvent at $75^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours, considering both the concentrations of two components and the cost of raw materials and manufacturing process, The extraction units were scaled up to 10 kg under this condition.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.153-162
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• 2020

The root extracts of Paeonia lactiflora cv. 'Red Charm' has been studied by many groups, however, little attention has been paid to its flower petal. Paeonia is the genus in the Paeoniaceae family. 'Red Charm' Paeonia is a soft-stemmed herbaceous peony hybrid of P. officinalis and P. lactiflora. We previously showed the flower petal extract of Red Charm might have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, however, it was not clear which components might be involved in this activity. Bioinformatics analysis previously indicated these extracts have potential anti-oxidant materials. One of them is identified as paeoniflorin, which is major component in root extract of Red Charm. In this study, we compared paeoniflorin and oxypaeoniflorin using DPPH assays to measure its anti-oxidant activities. Oxypaeoniflorin showed higher levels of radical scavenging activity, similar to ascorbic acid control, whereas paeoniflorin did not. Furthermore, nitric oxide assay showed they have similar anti-inflammatory effects. Taken together, these results suggest oxypaeoniflorin may play a more important role in the anti-oxidant activity of the flower petal and root extracts of Red Charm, compared to paeoniflorin. Further studies may be able to provide a platform to develop potential dual effects therapeutics for oxidant-mediated and inflammation-mediated disease in the near future.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2022

The optimal culture conditions for root organogenesis from the callus of peonies (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) were investigated. Root explants with vascular bundles were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium combined with 0.5-4.0 mg/L auxins (indole acetic acid [IAA], naphthalene acetic acid [NAA], indolebutyric acid [IBA], and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid [2,4-D]) and 0.0-2.0 mg/L cytokinins (kinetin, zeatin, and benzylaminopurine [BAP]) to induce callus formation. The callus was then cultured in MS medium combined with three concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L) of IAA, NAA, IBA, kinetin, zeatin, and BAP in the dark for 6 weeks. Based on the results, the effects of dark and light conditions on the callus cultured in MS medium with combinations of 0.1-1.0 mg/L IBA and zeatin for 6 weeks were studied. Callus formation was most effective (>+++) in the medium with a combination of 1.0 mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L zeatin. A high number of long adventitious roots were observed in the mediums with 0.1 mg/L IBA (6.66 and 4.82 cm) and 0.5 mg/L zeatin (2.32 and 0.72 cm) among auxins and cytokinins, respectively. The highest number (14.06) of adventitious roots were formed from the callus cultured in light in the MS medium combined with 0.1 mg/L IBA and 0.5 mg/L zeatin. This same medium induced the formation of the longest adventitious root (5.45 cm) in the dark. Thus, optimization of in vitro culture conditions may be possible for the mass propagation of adventitious roots in peonies.