• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 1995

This experiment was conducted to evaluate effective weed control in direct-seeded rice under dry fields. The results obtained are as follows. Cyhalofop/bentazone EW and cyhalofop/pendimethalin EC were very effective for the weed control but cyhalofop/cinosulfuron WP and cyhalofop/azimsulfuron SC were tended to exhibit the lower weeding effect. The plant height and the tiller number of rice were not greatly affected by herbicides, but rice yield was greatly influenced by them. The control efficacy was observed the extend of 94% until 60days after seeding under the treatment of systematic herbicides such as foliar applied pendimethalin propanil EC at 15days after seeding mowed by pyrazosulfuron molinate GR at 5days after irrigation. Irrigation at 25days after seeding was able to control annual weeds by the extent of 25% and exhibited control effect of 94% on systematic treatment of herbicides compared with that of 35days after seeding.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2005.12a
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• pp.112-112
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• 2005

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.187-192
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• 1994

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of herbIcides on weed control, growth characteristics and yield in Angelica gigas NAKAI, after transplanting it to the field. All herbicids treated had no effect on the emergency period, bolting rate, and growth characteristics of A. gigos. Simazin wp, methabenzthiazuron wp were slightly harmful, but linuron wp pendimethalin ec, triflurain ec had no injury on the A. gigas, even with double dosage level. Under the treatment of pendimethalin ec, linulon wp, effect of weed control valuae at 55 days after transplanting was 89.6, and 88.3 respectively with 5 or 7 species of weeds appearing. Broadleaf weeds f?ere abundant than grasses, and the major weeds were C. albam, C. flexuos, D.sanguinalis, and E. arvense. Dry yield were increased somewhat more with herbicides than by hand weeding, even with double dosage level.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.45-53
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• 1999

Red sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.) is a troublesome perennial weed in the alpine grasslands of Kangwon Province of Korea. A number of soil- and foliar-applied herbicides were evaluated for their efficacy of red sorrel control. In greenhouse experiments, no soil-applied herbicides, such as pendimethalin, simazine, alachlor, metolachlor, ethalfluralin controlled red sorrel, however, foliar-applied herbicides, such as glufosinate, paraquat, glyphosate, glyphosate + 2,4-D, dicamba, mecoprop, 2,4-D, bentazone controlled more than 60% of red sorrel 2 weeks after treatments. When dicamba and 2,4-D were applied to red sorrel in different growth stages, the auxin-type of herbicides cold control red sorrel regardless of growth stage. This result implies that the auxin-type herbicides can be applied between early May (early growth stage) and mid lune (before fruit maturation) at Kangwon alpine grasslands. In a field experiment, glufosinate at 1.0 kg a.i, $ha^{-1}$, glyphosate at 3.28 kg a.i. $ha^{-1}$, dicamba at 0.96 kg a.i. $ha^{-1}$, and mecoprop at 150 kg a.i. $ha^{-1}$ controlled more than 80% of red sorrel 4 weeks for treatment, suggesting such herbicides could be applied for red sorrel control at Kangwon alpine grasslands.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 1996

The experiment was conducted to obtain basic information on occurrence ecology system of Aneilema japonica and to establish its effective control systems in dry seeded rice at National Yeongnam Agricultural Experiment Station in 1995. Total amount of weed in dry seeded rice in the following year('95) as affected by control of barnyardgrass at 70 days after seeding(DAS) in previous year('94) was reduced 47.7% at 30 DAS and 7.8% at 60DAS and also exhibited different weed occurrence as compared with no control plot. Especially in control plot at 60 DAS, occurrence of Echinochloa crus-galli was reduced by 46.9%, But the growth of Aneilema japonica which is one of the problems in weed species was drastically increased by 231 % and Persicaria hydropiper by 11.8%, respectively. Suppressed tillering of rice plant as affected by occurring of A. japonica(300-750 plants/$m^2$) occurred from about 40 DAS and rice grain reduced 74-93% compared with hand weeding due to reduced panicle number. Soil applied Butachlor(EC) at 5 DAS, foliar applied Propanil -Butachlor(EC) at 13 DAS and Lgc 40863+Pendimethalin at 20 DAS were very effective for Aneilema japonica. As considering both weed suppression of Aneilema japonica and yield capacity, middle late foliar application of Lgc 40863+Pendimethalin and systematic application of Butachlor at 5 DAS followed by Propanil/Molinate at 25 DAS were the most effective control systems.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 1995

The major weeds observed in soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merr.) culture at the paddy field where transplanted rice was cultivated in previous year were Digitaria spp., Echinochloa spp., Chenopodium ficifolium, Rorippa islandica and Stellaria alsine. C. ficifolium and R. islandica increased as soybean was cultivated for two years in the same field. Weed biomass decreased by 84.8% as the seeding date was delayed from April 26 to May 20. Most of weeds started to emerge from 20 days after seeding(DAS) until 40 DAS, and higher seed yield was obtained by eliminating the weeds emerged until 40 DAS. The development of soybean branches, pods stem diameter was severely injured by weed interference, and thus soybean seed yield was reduced by 70% in comparison with a full season weed free plot. Herbicides such as pendimethalin, metolachlor, metolachlor+prometryn and alachlor controlled very effectively weeds present in soybean culture in rice-soybean rotated paddy field.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.865-874
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• 2003

Red sorrel, as one of exotic weeds in Korea, was introduced along with imported cereals for concentrate feed or within the seed for forage production. The plant was dominated in grassland and reduced the quality of forage. In particular, this weed cause severe problem in alpine grassland. This study was carried out to investigate the effect and response of red sorrel and forage crops by foliar and soil applied herbicide application. Mecoprop(MCPP) and pendimethaline were selected by pre-field experiment trials and applied to control the red sorrel in grassland. Herbicidal activity of MCPP was 77.2% at 500$m\ell$/10a level and 82.8% at 750$m\ell$/10a level. However, seeds of red sorrel from bare land formed after foliar applied herbicide treatment were germinated and covered bare land. Pendimethalin was not reduced the rhizome growth grown from red sorrel root but retarded seedling growth of germinated red sorrel. The herbicidal activity of pendimethalin to the red sorrel seedling was 83.0%. 2 times application of MCPP at the rate of 750$m\ell$/10a was effective to control of red sorrel regrown from root and herbicidal activity was 93.2%. MCPP and pendimethaline treatment was not reduced growth of grass and have no herbicidal injury to forage crop seedling. Amount of MCPP and pendimethalin remained in grass plant was decreased from 20 days after herbicide treatment and could not be problem in livestock feeding.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.101-110
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• 1994

A field study was carried out to investigate the visual injury of zoysiagrass and creeping bentgrass by the application of various herbicides the result were as follows. 1. Trifluralin + benefin and dithiopyr did not injure creeping bentgrass and zoysiagrass. 2. Creeping bentgrass was safe while zoysiagrass was slightly injured within acceptable level with benefin. 3. Oryzalin caused injury both on creeping bentgrass and zoysiagrass. However, the injury of zoysigrass was within acceptable level while the injury of creeping bentgrass increased without acceptable level when applied at>5kg/ha. 4. Creeping bentgrass was tolerant to pendimethalin only when treated at<3.4kg/ha whereas zoysiagrass was tolerant regardless of rate. 5. Creeping bentgrass treated with fenoxaprop, oxadiazon, and bensulide were severely injured. However, turfgrasses treated with bensulide recovered rapidly when compared with fenoxaprop and oxadiazon. 6. Zoysiagrass treated with 2,4-D, dicambe, bentazon was safe when applied at mid summer.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.305-311
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• 2016

In cultivation environment, various pesticides are used and some of them could be volatilized into the air. This could affect farmer's health and also cause environmental pollution. This study was carried out to investigate the volatilization of pesticides, and use the reference data for preventing farmer's pesticide intoxication and securing worker safety. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a lysimeter which was of $1m^2$ area and 1.5 m depth filled with upland soil. The pesticides treated in lysimeter soil were ethoprophos (5.0% GR), diazinon (34.0% EC), alachlor (43.7% EC), metolachlor (40.0% EC), chlorpyrifos (2.0% GR), pendimethalin (31.7% EC), carbaryl (50.0% WP), napropamide (50% WP), tebuconazole (25.0% WP) and imidacloprid (2.0% GR). Each pesticide was treated at a concentration of 770.5 mg based on A.I (%). The recovery of pesticide ranged from 77.4 to 99.3%. The volatilized pesticides in air were collected by personal air sampler with PUF tube at 4 l/min flow rate. In addition, temperature and humidity were measured. The collected samples were extracted using acetone in a soxhlet apparatus for 8 hours. The extracted pesticides were resoluted with acetonitrile and diluted 5 times. It was analyzed with LC-MS/MS. For 720 hours experiment, the largest vaporization amount of each pesticide in air was ethoprophos $15.24{\mu}g/m^3$, diazinon $5.14{\mu}g/m^3$, pendimethalin $2.70{\mu}g/m^3$, chlorpyrifos $1.76{\mu}g/m^3$, alachlor $1.40{\mu}g/m^3$, metolachlor $1.12{\mu}g/m^3$, carbaryl $0.27{\mu}g/m^3$, napropamide $0.22{\mu}g/m^3$, tebuconazole $0.11{\mu}g/m^3$ and imidacloprid $0.05{\mu}g/m^3$. The R value (coefficient of correlation) between volatilization and vapor pressure of pesticides is higher than 0.99. Therefore, there is high correlation between volatilization and vapor pressure of pesticides.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.218-225
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• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 치아 회분말과 연석고 및 알긴산을 혼합하여 이식한 후 초기 골 형성을 알아보는 데 있다. 백서 30마리의 두개골에 8mm 직경의 골결손부를 형성한 후 인간의 치아 회분말과 연석고 및 알긴산을 혼합하여 이식한 후 대조군, 치아 회분말과 연석고 처치군, 그리고 치아 회분말과 연석고 및 알긴산 혼합 처치군에서 각각의 골 결손부 치유과정을 조직병리학적, 조직형태계측학적으로 비교 관찰하였다. 통계학적으로 주간 변화(4주, 8주)는 유의하지 않았고, 각 그룹 간에 있어도 치아 회분말과 연석고 처치군과 치아 회분말과 연석고 및 알긴산 혼합 처치군 간 모두(4주, 8주) 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 이들 치아 회분말과 연석고 처치군과 치아 회분말과 연석고 및 알긴산 혼합 처치군은 대조군에 비해서는 유의하게 우수한 신생골 형성을 보였다. 비록 통계학적으로는 치아 회분말과 연석고 처치군과 치아 회분말과 연석고 및 알긴산 혼합 처치군이 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았지만 치아 회분말과 연석고 및 알긴산 혼합 처치군에서 보다 더 우수한 신생골 형성 경향을 보였다. 뿐만 아니라, 신생골의 내용면에서도 치아 회분말과 연석고 및 알긴산 혼합 처치군에서 좀더 많은 신생 직조골의 융합이나 골 소주형성이 관찰되어 신생골의 형성 및 성숙에 알긴산이 역할을 담당하는 것으로 사료되었다. 결론적으로 골결손부 치료 방법으로 치아 회분말과 연석고 처치군 또는 치아 회분말과 연석고 및 알긴산 혼합 처치로 결손부에 이식하는 것은 신생골 형성의 양적, 질적 개선에 통계학적으로 유의하며, 알긴산을 이식재와 함께 처리한 경우에 신생골 형성의 양적, 질적 개선에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.$1^{\circ}C$ 냉수로 세척하고 PETE tray로 포장하여 $4^{\circ}C$로 저장한 경우 깻잎 고유의 초록색과 향을 유지하고 있어 저온냉수 세척과 tray 포장이 세척 청경채의 선도 유지에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.1%,\;pendimethalin\;1.3{\sim}2.9%$ 및 $3.8{\sim}10.8%,\;ethoprophos\;0.6{\sim}2.7%$ 및 $0.1{\sim}0.3%$이었다. 인공강우실험 후 공약의 토심별 분포를 살펴 본 결과 alachlor와 ethopropho는 토심 $10{\sim}15cm$까지 이동하였고, ethalfluralin과 pendimethalin는 대부분 토심 5 cm 이내에 잔류하였다. 경사도 30%의 경우가 10%에 비하여 각 농약의 유실량이 $0.2{\sim}1.9$ 배 증가하였는데 유출수에 의한 농약의 유실량 차이는 유출수 중 농도 차이로 판단되며, 유실토양에 의한 농약 유실량 차이는 토양 유실량과 관계되는 것으로 생각되었다. 농약의 강우에 의한 유실은 복잡하게 작용하는 많은 환경적 요인에 의하여 영향을 받지만 정교하게 구성된 환경 시나리오에 의하여 예측 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.고 도라지는 물에 우려 푹 삶았고, 감자, 송이 등은 잘게 썰어 쌀과 함께 밥을 조리하였다. 4. 약선 음식조리방법 약선음식의 재료는 평상시 식생활에 사용되고 있던 식품들의 기능성분과 약이성을 이용하여 만성적인 질병과 급성적인 복통 설사 등에 재료의 전처리를 통해 죽으로 많이 이용하였다. 특히 곡류 등은