• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2019

This paper considers the Prisoner's Dilemma Game in which there exists a dilemma that the best response is that both players are to confess, but doing not confess can give a higher gain to the both players in a social perspective. To resolve such a dilemma in the game, an incentive model to encourage to confess and a penalty model for being imposed when not confessing are introduced, respectively. Then, the conditions are characterized under which incentive or penalty involved in the game's payoffs can make the game rational without a dilemma on both the personal and social perspectives, by taking the payoff values as variables with the incentive and penalty factors. Furthermore, it turns out that the resulting values of incentive and penalty are inversely proportional to each other, and thus, obtaining one of these amounts can provide the other. Simple examples are shown to interpret the theoretical verifications of our models, and randomly generated data based simulation results investigate the tendency of incentive and penalty and the resulting game values for a variety of instances. These results can provide a framework on resolving the dilemma by artificially putting incentive or penalty, although it is careful to apply more generalized real world games.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.248-274
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• 2015

This study discusses a contract to promote collection and recycling of used products in a green supply chain (GSC). A collection incentive contract is combined with a reward-penalty contract. The collection incentive contract for used products is made between a retailer and a manufacturer. The reward-penalty contract for recycling used products is made between a manufacturer and an external institution. A retailer pays an incentive for collecting used products from customers and delivers them to a manufacturer with a product order quantity under uncertainty in product demand. A manufacturer remanufactures products using recyclable parts with acceptable quality levels and covers a part of the retailer's incentive from the recycled parts by sharing the reward from an external institution. Product demand information is assumed as (i) the distribution is known (ii) mean and variance are known. Besides, the optimal decisions for product quantity, collection incentive of used products and lower limit of quality level for recyclable parts under decentralized integrated GSCs. The analysis numerically investigates how (1) contract for recycling activity, (ii) product demand information and (iii) quality of recyclable parts affect the optimal operation for each GSC. Supply chain coordination to shift IGSC is discussed by adopting Nash Bargaining solution.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.90-96
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• 2007

In multi-location inventory systems, lost sales due to stockout decreases not only retailers' profit but also whole supply chain's profit. Transshipment between retailers has been considered to be a major solution to the stockout problem, and many supply chains implement transshipment coalition among retailers. However, in practical situations, retailers occasionally refuses to accept the transshipment requests, mainly because they concern the future stockout possibilities of their own. Thus, the objective of this research is to analyze the effect of retailers' interaction under the transshipment coalition environment based on the simulations, and to provide effective policies to promote retailers' transshipment cooperation. Policies using penalty and incentive scheme are proposed, and it is shown that using proposed policies both the retailers' and the headquarter's profit can be increased.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2019

This study suggests a solution of an incentive system from the viewpoint of the external effect on the renting of firefighting qualifications and on rental agencies. Currently, the Human Resources Development Service of Korea does not have a penalty for neglecting to perform a search into qualification lending and rental agencies. In the short term, the penal clause should be strengthened so that companies and qualification holders cannot borrow or lend their qualifications. In addition, the Human Resources Development Service of Korea will increase the number of personnel dedicated to investigating the loaning of qualifications. It is necessary for the government to establish a penalty for neglecting to investigate the lending of qualifications for the Human Resources Development Service of Korea. In the long term, the state needs to make only minimal regulations. Also, the state needs to make companies and qualification holders feel like they benefit more when they are not borrowing or lending qualifications. The anticipated effect of this study is that the government will intervene appropriately by applying firefighting qualifications according to market principles. It can also be used as a basis for the revision of related laws on the renting of national technical qualification certificates and the investigation of rental agencies.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2017

The effort to measure and improve the quality of healthcare is a common health policy issue worldwide. Korean Value Incentive Programme is one of that effort, but some concerns exist. Compared to pay for performance program in other countries, it measures healthcare quality with relatively narrow performance domain using a small number of clinical indicators. It was designed without involving hospitals and other key stakeholder, and program participation was mandated. Highest and lowest performers get bonus and penalty using relative ranking. As a suggestion for development, the direction for quality management at the national level should be given first. Therefore the philosophy or strategy for quality improvement should be reflected to the program. And various domains and indicators of healthcare quality should be developed with active communication with healthcare providers. The evaluation method is necessary to be changed to provide achievable goal to the healthcare providers and attract quality improvement.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2021

Background: Incentive and penalty (I/P) programs are commonly used to increase employees' safety outcomes, but its influence on employees' safety outcomes is under-investigated. Moreover, under developed economies lack safety culture and there is dearth of literature focusing on empirical studies over there [1]. Based on these gaps, this study attempts to see the impact of I/P programs on safety outcomes in a developing country. Methods: The study was carried out in three stages, where Stage I revealed that selected 45 organizations were deficit of safety culture and practices, while only three firms were found good at safety practices. At Stage II, these three firms were divided in two clusters (groups), and were probed further at Stage III. At this stage group, one was manipulated by providing incentives (experimental group) and employees' responses in terms of safety motivation and performance were noticed. Results: It was observed that the experimental group's safety motivation and performance had improved (both for immediate and 1-month later performance). The results were further probed at Phase 3 (after 3 months), where it was found that the benefits of I/P programs were not long lasting and started replenishing. Conclusion: Findings of the study helped researchers conclude that safety incentives have only short-term influence on safety outcomes, while a long-term and permanent solution should be found.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2008

본 연구는 교통법규를 위반한 운전자에게 주어지는 처벌의 강도와 정책수단의 선택에 따라 교통법규 위반과 교통사고 야기 감소라는 정책목표 달성에 차이가 있는지를 분석하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위해 동일한 위반행위에 대해 운전면허를 취소하는 경우와 재위반시 운전면허 취소를 전제로 운전면허 정지로 감경처분을 하는 경우 처분이후 18개월간 교통법규 위반과 교통사고 야기에 대하여 공분산분석과 표본매칭 후 비교집단간 t검정을 실시하였다. 분석결과 유인정책을 활용하는 것이 강한 처벌을 하는 것보다 제재 이후의 교통법규 위반과 교통사고 야기를 감소하는 효과가 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2015

The study examined the relationship between workers' safety awareness, safety performance and the components of the intelligent image analysis system in accordance with preventing the workers from safety hazard in dangerous working area. Based on the safety performance model, we include safety knowledge, safety motivation, safety compliance and safety participation, and we also define three additional factors of the intelligent image analysis system such as functional feature, penalty and incentive by using factor analysis. SEM(Structural Equation Modeling) analyses on the data from the total of 73 workers showed that functional feature of intelligent analysis system and incentive were positively related to safety knowledge and safety motivation. And mediation effects of the relationship were verified to safety compliance and safety participation through safety knowledge as well.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.185-195
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to analyze how strategically the bilaterally monopolistic firms, only-one-seller and only-one-buyer, behave in a situation in which each firm has uncertain information on its opponent firm's cost. Even though the two firms know that seeking integrated profit leads to the optimized profit for both firms, each firm has an incentive to opportunistically behave to increase its share of the integrated profit. These opportunistic behaviors of the firms are analyzed through a game theoretic approach especially finding Nash equilibrium mixed strategies for the strategic profiles such as true-report or not and monitoring or not. The comparative statics to the Nash equilibrium mixed strategies shows that as the profit share increases the probability of monitoring an opponent firm is decreased while the probability increases as the size of the overstated production cost increases. This study also shows that high penalty and low monitoring cost lead to high probability to tell the truth of the production cost.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.763-777
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• 2021

정보보안은 IT 운영프로세스로 시작하여 지금은 정보기술의 중요한 문제로 인식되면서 각 국제단체에서 개념을 새롭게 규정하고 있다. 정보보안 자체가 IT기술들의 새로운 조합으로 하나의 기술 집합이고 기술영역이다. 많은 공공부문에서 IT 아웃소싱이 일반화되면서 SLA(Service Level Agreement)를 도입하여 IT서비스 수준에 대해 평가를 한다. 정보보안 영역에서 SLA 성과지표 도출과 선정에 대한 많은 연구는 진행되었지만, 성과지표의 서비스 수준 평가, 성과체계에 대한 적용방안은 찾기 어렵다. 이 논문은 공공부문을 기반으로 하는 정보보안 성과지표의 서비스 평가 체계와 보상 규정이 포함된 성과체계 적용에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 특정 공공부문의 환경과 특성을 고려한 성과지표의 기대치와 목표치를 정의하는 기준과 보상(인센티브·페널티) 규정을 제시하고 적절한 SLA 비용을 정의한다.