• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.323-328
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the sensory quality attributes for the development of soy sauce containing an extract of the fruit of Hovenia dulcis Thunb (Hutgae), also known as liver function improvement and hangover removal. Aqueous extracts of Hutgae fruit and Hutgae fruit-soy sauce were used for determining the sensory evaluation. The intensity of the sweet smell and taste was predominated in the Hutgae fruit extract (p<0.05). Various seasoning items, such as apples, pears, dried figs, Korean bramble (Bokbunja), citron (Yuza) and sun-dried hot pepper (Taeyangcho), were used to determine the suitable type of seasoned soy sauce with the Hutgae fruit extract. In the sensory analysis, the highest overall preference (acceptance score 5) was obtained from the pear extract added to soy sauce with the Hutgae fruit. The overall preference of Yuza (score 4.9) and Taeyangcho (score 4.5) extracts also very well-matched the seasoning items for soy sauce with the Hutgae fruit extract. There was no difference among the extract mixtures of multi-seasoning items added to soy sauce with the Hutgae fruit extract. As more pear extract was added, a higher overall preference was obtained. On the other hand, as the more Yuza extract was added, the higher flavor intensity without the change of the overall preference was obtained. The overall preference of soy sauce with the pear- Yuza-Taeyangcho extract mixture was not different between with or without the Hutgae fruit extract. However, the overall preference (score 5.6) was significantly higher in the pear extract added to soy sauce with the Hutgae fruit extract compared with the pear extract added to soy sauce without the Hutgae fruit extract (score 4.8). These results suggest that soy sauce with the Hutgae fruit-pear extract mixture may be useful as a functional seasoning for various salad dressings.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2014

Obesity occurs when a person's calorie intake exceeds the amount of energy burns, which may lead to pathologic growth of adipocytes and the accumulation of fat in the tissues. In this study, the effect and mechanism of pear pomace extracts on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and apoptosis of mature adipocytes were investigated. The effects of pear pomace extract on cell viability and the anti-adipogenic and proapoptotic effects were investigated via MTT assay, Oil red O staining, western blot analysis and apoptosis assay. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were stimulated with DMEM containing 10% FBS, 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), $5{\mu}g/ml$ insulin and $1{\mu}M$ dexamethasone for differentiation to adipocytes. 3T3-L1 cells were cultured with PBS or water extract of pear pomace. Water extract of pear pomace effectively inhibited lipid accumulations and expressions of PPAR-${\gamma}$ and $C/EBP{\alpha}$ in 3T3-L1 cells. It also increased expression of p-AMPK and decreased the expression of SREBP-1c and FAS in 3T3-L1 cells. The induction of apoptosis was observed in 3T3-L1 cells treated with pear pomace. These results indicate that pear pomace water extract inhibits adipogenesis and induces apoptosis of adipocytes and thus can be used as a potential therapeutic substance as part of prevention or treatment strategy for obesity.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was conducted to 9% compared with the previous experimental obesity-induced metabolic function in rats that it was a mixture of pear extract and herbal drugs(Lycii Fructus, Coicis Semen, Alimatis Rhizoma and Astragali Radix) on high fat diet-induce obesity rats. Methods : The animals were used in male rats. Control group fed high-fat diet only. Experimental groups were divided four, ExpI group was fed high-fat diet with a mixture pear extract and Lycii Fructus 9%, Exp II group was fed high-fat diet with a mixture pear extract and Coicis Semen 9%, Exp III group was fed high-fat diet with a mixture pear extract and Alimatis Rhizoma 9%, and Exp IV group was fed high-fat diet with a mixture pear extract and Astragali Radix 9% for 4 weeks. Results : The body weight gain increased in all groups, but attenuated gradually in the experimental groups compared to the control group. The food intakes were significantly lower in all Exp groups than the control group. The concentrations of serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol, and free fatty acid were significantly lower in Exp II than in the control group. Also the concentration of serum free fatty acid was significantly lower in the Exp IV group than in the control group. In inflammatory activities, the Exp II, IV group was significantly lower than the control group. Conclusion : The results indicated that Exp I group (administered a mixture of pear extract and Lycii Fructus) reduced fat accumulation, body weight and the highest elevated lipid metabolism, while the Exp II group (administered the mixture of pear extract and Coicis Semen) and Exp IV group (administered the mixture of pear extract and Astragali Radix) had the highest elevated immune activity.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2012

Objective : This study was conducted to observe the anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as the metabolic benefits, of pear extract and herbal drug mixture (Lycii Fructus, Coicis Semen, Alimatis Rhizoma, and Astragali Radix) on rats fed with a high fat diet. Methods : The animals used were male rats and the control group was fed a high fat diet only. The experimental groups were divided into four. Exp I group was fed a high fat diet with a mixture of pear extract and 3% Lycii Fructus; Exp II group was fed a high fat diet with a mixture of pear extract and 3% Coicis Semen; Exp III group was fed a high fat diet with a mixture of pear extract and 3% Alimatis Rhizoma; and Exp IV group was fed a high fat diet with a mixture of pear extract and 3% Astragali Radix for 4 weeks. Results : The body weight gain increased in all groups, but attenuated gradually in the experimental groups compared to the control group. The food intakes were significantly lower in Exp I and Exp III groups than the control group. The concentrations of serum total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) were significantly higher in Exp II than in the control group, and lower in Exp III group than in the control group. Also the concentration of serum free fatty acid was significantly lower in the Exp III group than in the control group. In inflammatory activities, the Exp II group was significantly lower than the control group. Conclusion : The results indicated that Exp III group (administered a mixture of pear extract and Alimatis Rhizoma) most efficiently reduced fat accumulation and body weight, while the Exp II group (administered the mixture of pear extract and Coicis Semen) had the highest elevated lipid metabolism and immune activity.

• Mycobiology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.170-173
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• 2011

Kluyveromyces fragilis KCTC 7260 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCTC 7904, which both grew well in pear marc extract, were selected and their growth profiles and physiological functionalities were determined. Both of the selected yeasts established maximal growth by 20 hr of cultivation at $30^{\circ}C$ in pear marc extract. The cell-free extracts showed high antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity of 68.9% and 52.1%, respectively. The extracts also displayed 9.2 U/mL and 12.0 U/mL of protease activity, respectively.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2016

본 연구는 배의 품종별 생육 단계에 따른 추출물의 총 페놀, 플라보노이드 함량 및 항산화 활성을 확인함과 동시에 세포 독성 및 멜라닌 생합성 억제능을 비교 평가하여 미백 소재로써의 사용 가능성을 평가하고자 국내 육성한 4가지 신품종과 신고 품종을 이용하여 비교 분석하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 생육초기에 가장 높았으나 과일이 성숙할수록 낮아졌으며, 품종간에는 생육시기와 관계없이 추황배에서 높게 나타났다. 총 플라보노이드 함량은 총 폴리페놀보다 적은 함량으로 5품종 모두 생육시기별로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 알부틴은 총 폴리페놀 함량과 같이 과일이 성숙할수록 낮아지는 경향을 보였으며 DPPH, ABTS 라디칼 소거활성을 분석한 항산화 활성도 감소의 폭은 달랐지만 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 높은 항산화 활성은 멜라닌 생합성 억제에도 효과적으로 작용하여 만개 후 90일까지는 감천배를 제외한 4품종에서 50% 내외의 높은 억제 활성을 보여, 이 시기까지의 배 과일 추출물은 우수한 미백활성을 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 뿐만 아니라 세포독성이 극히 낮아 피부 안정성이 높은 기능성 천연 원료 및 미백 향장소재로써 이용 가능성이 충분한 것으로 판단된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.2771-2775
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• 2010

We present a rapid biogenic method for the production of nanoscale gold particles using pear extract. The formation and stability of pear-derived gold nanoparticles (Pear-AuNPs) were monitored by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Their morphology, elemental composition and crystalline phase were determined by transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and selected area electron diffraction. The average core size of crystalline Pear-AuNPs was in the range of $10{\pm}5\;nm$ and the observed morphology was spherical. The X-ray photoelectron spectrum showed a strong peak for the pure 'Au' phase. The circular dichroism spectrum indicated the natural capping ability of the pear extract, which generated peptide-gold nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were stable in aqueous solution for two months. A cell viability assay of Pear-AuNPs showed biocompatibility with human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Accordingly, this eco-friendly process for the bio-mimetic production of Pear-AuNPs is nontoxic in nature; consequently, it will find potential application in nano-biotechnology.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2000

An analytical method was developed to determine abamectin and milbemectin residues in apple, pear, and citrus using HPLC with ultraviolet absorption detection. Abamectin and milbemectin were extracted with methanol from apple, pear, and citrus samples. The extract was diluted with saline water and dichloromethane partition was followed to recover the compounds from the aqueous phase. Florisil column chromatography and aminopropyl solid-phase extraction were employed as cleanup methods to remove most of co-extractives from the sample extract. Reverse-phase HPLC using an octadecylsilyl column was successfully applied to separate and quantitate abamectin and milbemectin residues in sample extracts at the wavelength of 245 nm. Recoveries of abamectin and milbemectin from fortified samples ranged 80.4~90.3% and 90.9~96.8%, respectively. Relative standard deviations of the analytical method were less than 10% for both acaricides. Detection limit of the analytical method was 0.003 mg/kg sample for all the analytes. The proposed method was reproducible and sensitive enough to evaluate terminal residues of abamectin and milbemectin in apple, pear, and citrus.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.347-354
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• 2013

Apple and pear are popular fruits consumed in Korea and are common fruit in daily diet. In order to compare the antioxidant activity of the apple and pear peels, total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, $ABTS^+$ free radical scavenging activity, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were measured from hot water, ethanol, and methanol extracts of the two fruit peels. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were highest in 95% methanol extracts of the apple peelsand 70% ethanol extract of the pear peels, respectively. Total polyphenol contents of the pear peels were higher than that of apple peels, and total flavonoid contents of the apple peels were higher than that of pear peels. The apple and pear peels had the highest $ABTS^{+{\cdot}}$ and DPPH free radical scavenging activity in 95% methanol extracts and 70% ethanol extracts, respectively. $ABTS^{+{\cdot}}$ and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of pear peels was higher than that of apple peels, and the DPPH free radical scavenging activity of apple and pear peels were detected in hot water, 95% methanol, and 70% ethanol extracts, respectively. Ascorbic acid, a synthetic antioxidant used as positive control, had significantly higher scavenging activity than the apple and pear peels. In conclusion, the apple and pear peelshave great potential as natural antioxidants. Therefore, above results should be considered to provide the possibility for the development of high functional antioxidants.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.229-230
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• 2011

배 추출박에 의한 환경오염을 줄이고 이들로부터 효모 biomass를 생산하기 위하여 배 추출박의 물 추출물을 제조한 다음 3종류의 효모의 생육특성을 조사하였다. Candida krusei KCTC 7213은 배 추출박 물 추출물 배지에서 $30^{\circ}C$로 20시간 배양하였을 때 최고의 생육을 보였고 Torulopsis sphaerica KCTC 7138과 Zygosaccharomyces rouxii KCCM 12066은 $30^{\circ}C$로 25시간 배양하였을 때 가장 잘 생육 하였다. 그러나 이들 생육도는 YEPD 배지에서 보다 낮았다.