• KIEAE Journal
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2012

At present, many countries are trying to reduce green gas emissions to mitigate the effects of these gases on climate change. Year after year, there have been efforts to cut energy use for heating and cooling. Heating and cooling systems, common in all forms of housing, are increasing due to the constant supply of new housing resulting from improvements in economic growth and the quality of life. Thus, studies related to the design of cooling and heating systems to improve energy efficiency are expanding. Among the new designs, radiant floor cooling and heating systems which use capillary tubes are becoming viable means of reducing energy use. Radiant floor cooling and heating systems which use capillary tubes are creative and sustainable systems in which cool and hot water is circulated into capillary tube which has small diameter. In this study, the cooling and heating performance of this type of capillary tube system is investigated in an experimental study and a simulation using TRNSYS. The results of the experimental study show that under a peak load, a capillary tube radiant floor cooling system using geothermal energy can achieve desired indoor temperature without an additional heat source. The set room air temperature is maintained while the floor surface temperature, PMV and PPD remain within the comfort range. Also, this system is more economic than a packaged air conditioner system due to its higher COP. The results of the simulation show that the capillary tube radiant floor heating system maintains set temperature more stable than a PB pipe radiant floor heating system due to its lower supply temperature of hot water. In terms of energy consumption, the capillary tube radiant floor heating system is more efficient than the PB pipe radiant floor heating system.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.123-126
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• 2007

A sensitive, simple and highly selective liquid chromatography method of determination for extraction of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride from Allegra D tablet was developed. The chief benefit of the present method is the minimal sample preparation, as the procedure is only filtering through pore syringe filter. Two drugs (pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, fexofenadine) were separated on a C$_{18}$ column and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The method had a chromatographic run time of 8.0 min. 1 ml of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride solution (1 mg/ml) was filtered through 0.22 um pore syringe filter. 50 ul of filtering solution was injected to HPLC pump and we knew the retention time (1.85 min) of separating of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride using UV detector at 280 nm. We used C$_{18}$ column (4.6 mm${\times}$250 mm), mobile phase solution (<0.05 mol/L NaH$_2$PO$_4$, 2 ml/L H$_3$PO$_4$>/CH$_3$CN / sodium dodesyl sulfate = 60 ml / 40 ml / 1 g). We separated psedoephedrine hydrochloride at run time of 1.85 min from Allegra D tablet solution (1 mg/ml) filtered through 0.22 um pore syringe filter using UV detector at 280 nm. Flow rate was set at 1.0 ml/min and the column temperature was set at 40$^{\circ}C$. Psedoephedrine hydrochloride solution (1 mg/ml) separated from Allegra D tablet was filtered through 0.22 um pore syringe filter and injected 50 ul. We confirmed the peak of psedoephedrine hydrochloride at same retention time and the separating solution was freeze-dried. In conclusion, A simple isocratic reverse-phase HPLC method has been developed that provides excellent separation of pseudoephedrine from Allegra D tablet.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2015

At the suggestion of the NASA Meteoroid Environment Office (NASA/MEO), which promotes lunar impact monitoring worldwide during NASA's Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) mission period (launched Sept. 2013), we set up a video observation system for lunar impact flashes using a 16-inch educational telescope at Chungnam National University. From Oct. 2013 through Apr. 2014, we recorded 80 hours of video observation of the unilluminated part of the crescent moon in the evening hours. We found a plausible candidate impact flash on Feb. 3, 2014 at selenographic longitude $2.1^{\circ}$ and latitude $25.4^{\circ}$. The flash lasted for 0.2 s and the light curve was asymmetric with a slow decrease after a peak brightness of $8.7{\pm}0.3mag$. Based on a star-like distribution of pixel brightness and asymmetric light curve, we conclude that the observed flash was due to a meteoroid impact on the lunar surface. Since unequivocal detection of an impact flash requires simultaneous observation from at least two sites, we strongly recommend that other institutes and universities in Korea set up similar inexpensive monitoring systems involving educational or amateur telescopes, and that they collaborate in the near future.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.223-232
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• 1997

The accuracy and precision of a modified method of NIOSH Method 7600 and EPA method 218.6 was determined for analyzing hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), collected on PVC filter from workplace air. The method was designed to extract from Cr(VI) on PVC filter with a alkali solution, 2% NaOH/3% $Na_2CO_3$, and to analyze it using ion chromatography/visible absorbance detection(IC/VAD). The results and conclusion are as the following. 1. The peak of Cr(VI) was separated sharply on chromatogram and was linearly related with Cr(VI) concentration in sloution. The correlation coefficient was 0.9999 in a calibration curve. The limit of detection was 0.25 $0.25{\mu}g/sample$. 2. The accuracy(% recovery) was 93.3% in a set of sample($9-50{\mu}g$) stored for a day, and 100.1%($10-60{\mu}g$) in another set of samples stored for 2 hours. It is assumed that the difference in recovery by storage time was due to reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). 3. The precision(coefficient of variation, CV) of the method was 0.015 in spiked samples with Cr(VI) standard solution, and 0.010 in spiked samples with plating solution from a chrome electroplating factory. The overall CV in all types of samples was 0.0013. 4. The Cr(VI) was stable in 2% NaOH/3% $Na_2CO_3$ at least for 10 hours. In conclusion, the IC/VAD method is appropriate for determining low-level Cr(VI) in workplace air containing various interferences.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.71-81
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• 1993

Clinical observation was done on 372 Cheon-Jeung patients more than 65 years of age in Department of Internal Medicine, Oriental Medical Hospital in Dong Guk Univ. from December 1990 to November 1991. The results were as follows; 1. The ratio of male to female was 1.2:1. The age distribution showed the large number in the 65-69 year group, the female more than the male in 8th decade. 2. The peak age in the on set was 7th decade(44.4%). 3. The ratio of the season distribution was as follows, everytime 62.6%, fall and winter 25.5%. 4. Duration from on set, the most frequence was $5{\sim}10$ years(29.6%). 5. Chief complaints were represented cough, laryngeal stridorand, dyspnea. 6. In past illness, Pulmonary. The was most predominent(29.7%) followed by allergic disease(8.1%), bronchitis(7.2%) in turn. 7. In complication, Pul. Tbc was most predominent(21.1%) followed by ronchiectasis (12.7), cardiac disease(11.3%). 8. Predisposing factors in the Geriatric athma were represented chiefly exercising(41.8%), the others is Pung-Han-Neng(27.6%), respiratory infection(12.7%) etc. 9. The recipe which used in treatment were Gamigeumsuyukgun-jeon, Gamimahwangyunpai-tang, Gamiyunpai-tang, Sojaganggi-tang, Cheongsangboha-tang etc. 10. Duration of treatment was noted within 10 days was 39.2%, $11{\sim}30$ days was 40.6%, over 60 days was 7.3%. 11. About 77.3% patients were improved.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 매스콘크리트의 수화열 저감 및 초기강도 향상을 목적으로 3성분계 배합에 따른 콘크리트의 기초적 특성을 분석하였는데 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 굳지 않은 콘크리트의 물성은 목표범위를 모두 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 응결시간은 W/B와 관계없이 저열 시멘트 배합이 가장 빠른 것으로 나타났고, 간이 수화열은 저열 배합의 피크 온도가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났고, 저발열-B 배합이 가장 낮은 온도를 나타내었으며, 조강형 저발열 배합은 저발열-B와 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 경화 콘크리트의 압축강도는 초기재령에서 저발열-B 배합을 제외한 모든 배합이 유사한 강도 범위를 나타내었고, 장기 재령에서는 큰 차이 없이 유사한 강도 범위를 나타내었다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2009

Lactobacillus helveticus ATCC 55163과 Propionibacterium acidipropionici 5020로 유청배지를 혼합 배양하여 얻은 유청발효물을 밀가루 대비 10%, 15% 첨가하여 반죽의 레올로지로 farinograph, alveograph, Rapid Visco Analyzer, 반죽의 발효팽창력등을 측정하였다. Farinograph에서 유청발효물 첨가량이 많을수록 수분흡수율, 반죽발전시간, 안정도 약화도 등이 증가하였다. Alveograph에서 P와 W값은 유청발효물 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하였으나 L과 G값은 감소하였다. Rapid Visco Analyzer에서 초기호화온도와 최고점도는 유청발효물 첨가에 따라 증가하였으나, 최종점도와 set back은 감소하였다. Set back의 감소로 전분의 노화가 지연됨을 나타냈다. 반죽의 발효팽창력은 유청발효물 첨가량이 많을수록 감소하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제29권4C호
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• pp.533-540
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 웨이블릿(wavelet) 영역에서 분류 예측, KLT (Karhunen-Loeve transform), 및 3-D SPIHT(three-dimensional set partitioning in hierarchical trees) 알고리즘(algorithm)을 이용하여 인공위성 화상 데이터에 존재하는 대역내 중복성 (intraband redundancy)과 대역간 중복성 (interband redundancy)을 효과적으로 제거하는 새로운 압축 방법을 제안하였다. 대역간 중복성을 제거하기 위해 웨이블린 영역에서의 분류 정보를 이용하여 영역별 대역간 예측을 행한다. 영역별 대역간 예측에 의해 복원되는 화상들은 예측 오차로 인해 원 화상 (original image)과 차 화상 (residual image)을 가진다. 이 차 화상들 간에 존재하는 대역간 중복성을 제거하기 위하여 KLT를 행한다. 웨이블릿 변환 (wavelet transform)과 KLT를 행하여 대역내 및 대역간 크기 순서로 재정렬된 변환 계수들을 3-D SPIHT 알고리즘을 이용하여 부호화 한다. 제안한 방법의 성능 평가를 위해서 다분광 화상 데이터에 대하여 압축 실험을 행하여 제안한 방법이 기존의 방법들 보다 동일한 여러 비트율 (bit rate)에서 평균 PSNR (peak signal-to-noise ratio)이 0.12∼3.83㏈ 향상됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2007

시설복숭아에서 호박별의 회분매개활동과 효과에 대하여 조사하였다. 2002년 2월 하순경 시설복숭아에서 호박벌의 방화활동은 오전 8시부터 오후 5시까지이며, 활동최성기는 오전 11시였다. 착과율은 호박벌방사구 73.4%, 인공수분구 73.1% 로서 차이가 없었으나, 무처리구는 33.9%로 매우 낮았다. 상품과 율은 호박벌방사구가 90.0% 로서 인공수분구 83.3% 보다 높았으며, 무처리구는 53.8% 로서 매우 낮았다. 호박벌 방사구가 인공수분구에 비해 착과율과 상품과율이 좋았으며, 노동력도 93% 절감되어 호박별 방사에 의한 효과가 뚜렷하였다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.580-594
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• 2015

Liquid sloshing in two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) rectangular tanks is simulated by using a level set method based on the finite volume method. In order to examine the effect of natural frequency modes on liquid sloshing, we considered a wide range of frequency ratios ($0.5{\leq}fr{\leq}3.2$). The frequency ratio is defined by the ratio of the excitation frequency to the natural frequency of the fluid, and covers natural frequency modes from 1 to 5. When fr = 1, which corresponds to the first mode of the natural frequency, strong liquid sloshing reveals roof impact, and significant forces are generated by the liquid in the tank. The liquid flows are mainly unidirectional. Thus, the strong bulk motion of the fluid contributes to a higher elevation of the free surface. However, at fr = 2, the sloshing is considerably suppressed, resulting in a calm wave with relatively lower elevation of the free surface, since the waves undergo destructive interference. At fr = 2, the lower peak of the free surface elevation occurs. At higher modes of $fr_3$, $fr_4$, and $fr_5$, the free surface reveals irregular deformation with nonlinear waves in every case. However, the deformation of the free surface becomes weaker at higher natural frequency modes. Finally, 3-D simulations confirm our 2-D results.