• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.31-43
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of modern Korean men's fashion from the 1960s to the 1990s by reviewing fashion magazine advertisements and pictorials. For theoretical study, the characteristics and the importance of apparel advertisements and the changes of modern Korean men's fashion trend were reviewed. On the basis of the theoretical investigation, this study analyzed 932 pictorials from Joongang Magazine, Shin Dong-A, Bokjangwolbo, Meot, Men's Life, WWD, and S.F.F.A's photograph album, published from 1962 to 1998. Content analysis method was used to analyze the content of magazines and pictorials. The 932 samples are classified into apparel types, silhouette, pattern, color, type of breasts, shape of collar, number of button, type of inner wear. Frequency and $x^2$-test were conducted using a SAS statistics package to analyse the data. The results were as follows. The two-piece style prevailed in men's wear during the 60s, 70s, and 90s, while separate style prevailed during the 80s. H silhouette was the most popular during the 60s, 70s and 90s, however, X silhouette dominated the 70s. For patterns, solids were most frequently used throughout the whole 4 decades. In colors, gray was most frequently used during the 60s, and multi color was most frequently used during the 70s, 80s, and 90s. Throughout the whole decades, single breast, tailored collar, two buttons, and dress shirts were the most prevalent styles.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.70-76
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• 2003

Digital watermarking is a technique embedding hidden information into multimedia data imperceptibly such as images and sounds. Generally an original image is transformed and coded watermark data is embedded in frequency domain watermarking models. In this paper, We propose a new data embedding method using Fresnel transform. A watermark image is fresnel-transformed and the intensity of transformed pattern is embedded into original image. Our watermarking model has the flexibility In data embedding. It is possible to get many embedding patterns from a single watermark image by using various distance parameters with Fresnel transform. All kinds of image models such af shape, letter and photo ran be used as a watermark data. The watermarking experiments were conducted to show the validity of the proposed method, and the results show that our method has the robustness against lossy compression, filtering and geometric transformation.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.55-62
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• 2013

This paper aims to detect Speed Bump by using Omni-directional Camera and to suggest Real-time update scheme of Speed Bump through Vision Based Approach. In order to detect Speed Bump from sequence of camera images, noise should be removed as well as spot estimated as shape and pattern for speed bump should be detected first. Now that speed bump has a regular form of white and yellow area, we extracted speed bump on the road by applying erosion and dilation morphological operations and by using the HSV color model. By collecting huge panoramic images from the camera, we are able to detect the target object and to calculate the distance through GPS log data. Last but not least, we evaluated accuracy of obtained result and detection algorithm by implementing SLAMS (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping system).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.1 s.149
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• pp.20-30
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to investigate demographic profiles between the consumer group under high time pressure(HTP) and the group under low time pressure(LTP) during the shopping, to examine the level of association between the fashion information sources and time pressure variable, to determine the difference in clothing benefits sought between HTP and LTP, and to determine the difference in purchase criteria. We distributed questionnaires to 600 women aged in 20-65. The reliable 562 questionnaires were used for a statistical analysis. Data analyses were conducted with SPSS program on t-test, cluster analysis, factor analysis, and Chi square test. We obtained the following results: There was a significant association between demographic variables such as age, occupation, education, residence area, & family cycle and time pressure variable. Fashion information sources were classified into 4 factors. HTP searched information on fashion products using more various sources than LTP did. There was also a significant difference between HTP and LTP in clothing benefit sought. Four clothing benefit factors such as trendy/social position, economic value, protection/comfort, and makeup of body shape were sought more by HTP than by LTP. In addition, HTP considered significantly more purchase criteria such as color/pattern, comfort, quality, suitability, material, sewing finishing, coordination, price, brand, easy care, and country of origin than LTP.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.270-279
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to make a basic resource in developing a design satisfying male consumers＇ fashion inclination by examining the features of the men＇s fashion style shown in the fashion collections. Collected were 1,291 photos relating to the suit style through the analysis on the men＇s fashion collections for 8 years(1995-2002). Representative men＇s fashion images are extracted from these photos, then figurative features were analyzed and typified according to image, and finally representative fashion styles were presented and its meaning was analyzed. Representative men＇s fashion images are Sophisticated, Casual, Elegant, Active, Natural, Classic, Romantic, Ethnic, Military, Marine, Colonial, and Avant-garde. With the subcategories such as detailed shape of jacket and trousers, the relationship of color between upper and lower clothes, type and organizing method of material quality, type and arranging method of pattern, and coordination, the extracted fashion images were analyzed the figurative features. After finding out the common and different features, four men＇s fashion styles were suggested. Formal style maintains the typical suit style and has the feature expressing the men＇s authority, tradition, and honor. It includes Sophisticated, Elegant. and Classic image. Casual St Sporty style has the feature that there is a change in the volume of suit by adding activity to the typical suit style. It includes Casual, Active, and Natural image. Uniformed style is that political and social environment such as war has an influence on the suit design. It includes Military, Marine, and Colonial image. Deformed style has the feature that it suggests new type instead of adhering to the typical suit design. It includes Ethnic, Romantic, and Avant-garde image.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.124-137
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• 2010

This study was started with the objective of restoring abandoned embanked farms, which are recently increasing, to mud flat by putting in least amount of energy in the aspect of environmental restoration. For the direction and establishment of the proposal for the restoration of mud flat using embanked farms, a case of Maipo Wetland in Hongkong was analyzed, and a proposal was prepared considering the condition of mud flat in Gochang. The restoration of mud flat in Gochang is intended to create various wetland ecological spaces as well as to provide opportunities for experience, education, recreation, and tourism. Effort was made to development an environment closest to the local ecological environment considering the shape and topographical condition of existing abandoned farms. For construction of the habitat, a target species was chosen and the plan for selection, planting, and management of species of trees suitable for the target species was established. In addition, the water level will be controlled by water gates to conform to the resting, spawning, breeding, and migration period considering the behavioral pattern of waders, the target species. The research on the restoration of mud flat in Korea is in incipient stage and this study provided an opportunity to review the possibility of restoration of abandoned embanked farms to mud flat. For the success of mud flat restoration from a long-term perspective, development of acclimating design infrastructure, technology improvement for mud flat restoration, and basis of partnership for the maintenance should be prepared in a systematical way.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.58-75
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• 2007

This study held human measurement for 200 male subjects in their twenties in full age living in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province in China. Their lower body types were classified and grouped according to shapes and sizes. Consequently, representative body type reflecting shapes, sizes, and characteristics were chosen and presented with their measurement values to be used as the basic data for slacks pattern making and fitness evaluation. The following are the results of the analysis: 1. Homogeneity analysis was given to determine the correspondence relationships among index types, indirect types, and size types. Index Type 1 (H-Round), Indirect Type 2 (Adjacent Straight Legs & Slight Slant of Lateral Lower Body), and Size Type 1 (Medium-Thick) were correlated; Index Type 2 (A-Trapezoid), Indirect Type 1 (Bow Legs & Slight Slant of Lateral Lower Body), and Size Type 3 (Small-Slim) were corresponded; Index Type 3 (A-Balance), Indirect Type 3 (Balance Legs & Large Slant of Lateral Lower Body), and Size Type 2 (Tall-Normal) were mutually related. 2. Mahalanobis distance based on each shape factor (index or indirect) and size factor (absolute) was obtained, while an index-absolute representative body type group (47 people, 24.4%) and an indirect-absolute representative body type group (45 people, 23.7%) were chosen, each reflecting shapes, sizes, and characteristics. 3. The representative body type group of lower body shapes of Chinese males in their 20s had average measurement values, such as 169.15cm (stature), 73.32cm (waist circumference), 75.76cm (omphalion waist circumference), 91.08cm (hip circumference), 106.02cm (outside leg length), 53.96cm (thigh circumference), and 74.42cm (crotch length).

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.13 no.4 s.56
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• pp.107-115
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• 2009

The number of railway tunnel design is increasing recently compare to a great number of highway tunnel design which had increased with a lot of highway construction in the 70's and 80's. Therefore, there is more or less difference of time between highway tunnel and railway tunnel. In this paper, numerical analysis on two kinds of tunnels, such as two-forked road highway ventilation tunnel and double track railway tunnel with 4.3m of center line, in cases of with support materials condition and without support materials condition were conducted. Finally, stability of two kinds of tunnels were compared and analyzed through comparing of principal stresses and deviator stresses in the near base rock of tunnels using results of numerical analysis.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.1 no.2 s.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 1993

Decrease of forest is seriously caused by urbanization. Photographic interpretation is the act of examining photographic images for the purpose of identifying objects and judging their significance. A systematic study of aerial photographs usually involves a consideration of the basic characteristics of photographic images. Seven of these characteristics are shape, size, pattern, shadow, tone, texture, and site. Aerial photographs contain a detailed record of the ground at the time of exposure. Authors blow the changes of natural environment by database for interpretation of aerial photo. In this paper, authors choose the Pusan National University located at the Kum-Joung Koo, Pusan as model area. Ten year of interval in 1980 and 1990, authors know the rate of forest decreasing is approximately 41 percents and the necessity of the protection of foreast. Authors suggest the combination of construction and protection of environment.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.235-240
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• 2008

The environment has played a key role to improve the living condition and develop the industry. In building industries, we should consider the environment and mitigate the environmental affect. For mitigating the its affect, various areas of building technology have been developed and applied into filed work. In addition, the process in applying into field requires to conduct the assessment of the environmental affect and improve its applied technology. A lot of assessment methods are proposed in evaluate the building condition such as post-occupancy evaluation, life cycle management and life cycle assessment. Among these assessment methods, life cycle assessment is effectively utilized the environmental affect in building life cycle. Therefore, this paper aimed at analyzing the energy consumption and $CO_2$ emission in building life cycle, using the life cycle assessment and application of the example in apartment housing. This study shows that the maintenance and the production of building materials stage shares most of the amount of energy consumption and $CO_2$ emission and therefore plays an important role to planning the building in terms of the life cycle. Second, the other stages brings about a very small amount. It is important to decide the building shape and contents to mitigate the environmental affect in terms of material, volume, the pattern of the energy use and others.