• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.3-11
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• 2004

A finite volume model is developed to simulate the surface irrigation at a paddy field. The model's capabilities are validated through comparison with the simulafed results and the observed data obtained by various experimental tests, and the simulated results are in good agreement with the observed pending depth. The result of surface irrigation simulation shows that the longer the paddy field's the length of long-sided becomes, the longer the advance and storage time is taken. To analyze surface irrigation performance with variable inflow rate, three patterns of flow variation-constant rate, initially high then low, and initially low then high-were studied. The results show that at the pattern with initially high followed by low during the latter half of the irrigation the advance time is shortest, but the pending depth of irrigation completion and irrigation effiency are the little difference between irrigation patterns.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.343-352
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• 2006

A real matrix A is called a sign-central matrix if for, every matrix $\tilde{A}$ with the same sign pattern as A, the convex hull of columns of $\tilde{A}$ contains the zero vector. A sign-central matrix A is called a tight sign-central matrix if the Hadamard (entrywise) product of any two columns of A contains a negative component. A real vector x = $(x_1,{\ldots},x_n)^T$ is called stable if $\|x_1\|{\leq}\|x_2\|{\leq}{\cdots}{\leq}\|x_n\|$. A tight sign-central matrix is called a $tight^*$ sign-central matrix if each of its columns is stable. In this paper, for a matrix B, we characterize those matrices C such that [B, C] is tight ($tight^*$) sign-central. We also construct the matrix C with smallest number of columns among all matrices C such that [B, C] is $tight^*$ sign-central.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.305-312
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• 1989

Developmental anatomy was conducted in order to elucidate the differentiating pattern of fascicular cambial initials in the hypocotyl of Ricinus communis. The homogeneous procambium with relatively short cells in early stage is transformed into a heterogeneous structure with long and short cells in late stage in tangential view. Fusiform and ray initials are gradually originated from the long and short cells of the procambium in hypocotyl in later stage respectively. Fusiform initials are not shorter than procambial cells because of the successive elongation of vascular meristematic cells. Therefore, the distinction between procambium and fascicular cambium is not made from comparison with their cell length. The characteristics of the fascicular cambium are gradully acquired at or just after completion of hypocotyl elongation.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.17-36
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• 1995

The present study examined preschooler's (3-5yrs) representation and evaluation skills in a puzzle completion task. The puzzle contained panels of four children dressed for each seacon and the key to success was using a body scheme to reconstruct the panels (head, torso, legs, feet and sky on top). Baseline data (Study 1) revealed a developmental pattern of increasing bydy scheme representation along with more careful attention to season consitent construction. Spontaneous verbalization also shifted from more guiding statements (where'the head?) to move evaluative statements (this isn't right). Study 2 examined different intervention techniques for increasing representation (verbal laveling) and evaluative processes (error detection practice), along with a control group that had unassisted practice. Three year olds benefited from verbal labeling, four year olds from both types of training. Verbalizations also showed appropriated shifts toward increasing evaluation, particularly for the older children. These findings are discussed in terms of a developmental hypothesis that representation precedes evaluation skills and that training techniques should take into account the relative balance between representation and evaluation skills in the individual for the task at hand.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 1980

This experiment was intended to obtain a prefect casting body the same as the original wax patterns by melting metal into the opening of the ring. The investment ring was dried to the temperature between 600 and 700, when the wax pattern would be completely melted to leave an empty mould made in the ring. The main point to studied was the investing process for perfect casting body. This process was experimented on several important factors: the size and spatulation of investment particles, purity of wax patterns, investing time after the completion of model, and investing temperature. The results obtained from the above experiment were as follows: A desirable cast body with no fissure or pore would be mode by investing with smaller particles in the first time and with larger onces in the second, both at the temperature between 180.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.185-190
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• 2006

Most systems in ubiquitous computing analyze context information of users which have similar propensity with demographics methods and collaborative filtering to provide personalized recommendation services. The systems have mostly used static context information such as sex, age, job, and purchase history. However the systems have limitation to analyze users' propensity accurately and to provide personalized recommendation services in real-time, because they have difficulty in considering users situation as moving path. In this paper we use users' moving path of dynamic context to consider users situation. For the prediction accuracy we complete with a path completion algorithm to moving path which is inputted to RSOM. We train the moving path to be completed by RSOM, analyze users' moving pattern and predict a future moving path. Then we recommend the nearest product on the prediction path with users' high preference in real-time. As the experimental result, MAE is lower than 0.5 averagely and we confirmed our method can predict users moving path correctly.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.5 s.21
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• pp.126-134
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• 2004

Since a construction project is a series of works that utilizes resources to accomplish the project goal for a given time period, efficient resource management is a prerequisite for the success of the project. Two major areas of resource management are resource constrained scheduling focusing on the limited resource availability and resource leveling focusing on smoothing resource usage pattern on the fixed project completion time. It is not available, however, to apply both techniques to a project at the same time. This paper proposes a model to enhance the minimum moment algorithm of resource leveling, aiming to find an efficient usage of resources and an appropriate project completion time. A survey was performed to evaluate the major five factors in the model. A case study demonstrates the value of the proposed resource leveling technique.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.695-703
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• 2015

Background It is still difficult to prevent partial or full-thickness flap necrosis. In this study, the effects of a cream containing menthol and methyl salicylate on the viability of random-pattern skin flaps were studied. Methods Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two equal groups. Caudally based dorsal random-pattern skin flaps were elevated, including the panniculus carnosus. In the study group, 1.5 mL of a cream containing menthol and methyl salicylate was applied to the skin of the flap, and saline solution (0.9%) was used in the control group. Upon completion of the experiment, flap necrosis was analyzed with imaging software and radionuclide scintigraphy. Histopathological measurements were made of the percentage of viable flaps, the number of vessels, and the width of the panniculus carnosus muscle. Results According to the photographic analysis, the mean viable flap surface area in the study group was larger than that in the control group (P=0.004). According to the scintigrams, no change in radioactivity uptake was seen in the study group (P>0.05). However, a significant decrease was observed in the control group (P=0.006). No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of the percentage of viable flaps, the number of vessels, or the width of the panniculus carnosus muscle (P>0.05). Conclusions Based on these results, it is certain that the cream did not reduce the viability of the flaps. Due to its vasodilatory effect, it can be used as a component of the dressing in reconstructive operations where skin perfusion is compromised.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.190-200
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to suggest the standard process in developing Questionnaire of Pattern Identification (QPI). The process in developing QPI was researched from validated and developed questionnaire and the standard process in developing QPI was suggested through review of the experts in research, statistics and clinics. Check list was also provided. The number of QPI reviewed in this research was 17(4 in disease in Korea Medicine, 5 in Pathological symptoms, 6 in Sasang constitutional Diagnosis, and 2 in etc), The standard process in developing QPI consisted of 11 phage and 33 check lists. 1) Composition of Research Member(3check lists), 2)Set up of the Aim(5), 3) Review for advanced research(3), 4) Finding an Important Index(3), 5) Review of item selection(4), 6) Developing the questions using items(5), 7) Developing Draft of Questionnaire(2), 8) 1^st Survey of Reliability and Validity(2), 9) Revision and Correction of Item(1), 10) 2^st Survey of Reliability and Validity(2), 11) Completion and Application(3). This study suggests the standard process in developing QPI for the first time in Korea. This following step may help A new QPI development.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.149-166
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• 2021

This study tried to suggest a drafting method to draft tight fit torso patterns suitable for adult males with a sway back somatotype and a bend forward somatotype by setting and distributing the ease through the completion of the somatic surface pattern using the 3D body surface segment method. It was intended to be presented as a drafting method. As for the research method, the suitability of the somatic surface patterns and the tight fit torso patterns were confirmed by the evaluation of virtual wear, and the patterns were modified and supplemented. The research results are as follows. In the first evaluation of the tight fit torso patterns, the average, for 55 evaluation items, was 3.92 points for the sway back somatotype and 3.89 points for the bend forward somatotype. In the second evaluation, the bend forward somatotype was 4.51 points and the sway back somatotype was 4.62 points. The chest circumference ease amount for the bend forward somatotype and the sway back somatotype are 6.5% (6.8 cm) and 7% (6.8 cm) of the chest circumference, respectively, and the distribution of the front and back ease is the same at 4:6 (2.72 cm:4.08 cm). The waist circumference ease amount is 6.5% (5.8cm) and 6.5% (5.6 cm) of the waist circumference dimensions, and the distribution of the front and backease are 5:5 (1.45 cm: 1.45 cm) and 4:6 (2.24 cm: 3.36 cm), respectively. The completed tight fit torso patterns were converted into institutional formulas and presented as a drafting method.