• 식물병연구
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.236-239
• /
• 2012

2009년 7월 밀양지역의 농가포장에서 재배된 기장의 잎에 세균성 줄무늬증상이 발생되었다. 병징은 잎과 줄기전신에서 갈색의 괴저줄무늬를 보였으며, 포장전체에서 확인되었다. 이병된 잎에서 분리된 4계통의 세균들은 배양적, 생리 생화학적 특성, Biolog 검정, 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서열분석에 의하여 Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae로 동정되었다. 또한 담배, 토마토에 접종하여 과민성반응을 확인하였으며, 기장에 접종하여 동일 병반을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 연구결과에 의하여 기장에서 Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae에 의한 세균성줄무늬병을 국내 처음으로 보고한다.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.7-27
• /
• 2003

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate acute and subacute toxicity and sarcoma-180 anti-cancer effects of herbal acupuncture with cultivated wild ginseng (distilled) in mice and rats. Method : Balb/c mice were injected intravenous with cultivated wild ginseng herbal acupuncture for $LD_{50}$ and acute toxicity test. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intravenous with cultivated wild ginseng herbal acupuncture for subacute toxicity test. The cultivated wild ginseng herbal-acupuncture was injected at the tail vein of mice. Results : 1. In acute $LD_{50}$ toxicity test, there was no mortality thus unable to attain the value. 2. Examining the toxic response in the acute toxicity test, there was no sign of toxication. 3. In acute toxic test, running biochemical serum test couldn't yield any differences between the control and experiment groups. 4. In subacute toxicity test, there was no sign of toxication in the experimental groups and didn't show any changes in weight compared to the normal group. 5. In subacute toxicity test, biochemical serum test showed significant increase of Total albumin, Albumin, and Glucose in the experimental group I compared with the control group. Significant decrease of GOT, ALP, GPT, and Triglyceride were shown. In experiment group II, only Glucose showed significant increase compared with the control group. 6. Measuring survival rate for anti-cancer effects of Sarcoma-180 cancer cell line, all the experimental groups showed significant increase in survival rate. 7. Measuring NK cell activity rate, no significant difference was shown throughout the groups. 8. Measuring Interleukin-2 productivity rate, all the experimental groups didn't show significant difference. 9. For manifestation of cytokine mRNA, significant decrease of interleukin-10 was witnessed in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion : According to the results, we can conclude cultivated wild ginseng herbal acupuncture caused negligible toxicity, and had anti-tumor effects in mice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권23호
• /
• pp.10187-10192
• /
• 2015

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are a large family of constitutive and inducible mono-oxygenase enzymes that play a central role in the oxidative metabolism of both xenobiotic and endogenous compounds. Several CYPs are involved in metabolism of oxysterols, which are cholesterol oxidation products whose expression may be dysregulated in inflammation-related diseases including cancer. This study focused on CYP39A1, which can metabolize 24-hydroxycholesterol (24-OH) that plays important roles in the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. We aimed to investigate the expression status of CYP39A1 and its transcription factor (RUNX2) in relation to clinical significance in cholangiocarcinoma (CCAs) and to determine whether 24-OH could induce oxidative stress in CCA cell lines. Immunohistochemistry showed that 70% and 30% of CCA patients had low and high expression of CYP39A1, respectively. Low expression of CYP39A1 demonstrated a significant correlation with metastasis. Our results also revealed that the expression of RUNX2 had a positive correlation with CYP39A1. Low expression of both CYP39A1 (70%) and RUNX2 (37%) was significantly related with poor prognosis of CCA patients. Interestingly, oxidized alpha-1 antitrypsin (ox-A1AT), an oxidative stress marker, was significantly increased in CCA tissues in which CYP39A1 and RUNX2 were down regulated. Additionally, immunocytochemistry showed that 24-OH could induce ox-A1AT in CCA cell lines. In conclusion, our study revealed putative roles of the CYP39A1 enzyme in prognostic determination of CCAs.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.405-413
• /
• 2011

This study was designed to elucidate high-$K^+$ induced response of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle from human gastric corpus using isometric contraction. Contraction from circular and longitudinal muscle stripes of gastric corpus greater curvature and lesser curvature were compared. Circular smooth muscle from corpus greater curvature showed high $K^+$ (50 mM)-induced tonic contraction. On the contrary, however, longitudinal smooth muscle strips showed high $K^+$ (50 mM)-induced sustained relaxation. To find out the reason for the discrepancy we tested several relaxation mechanisms. Protein kinase blockers like KT5720, PKA inhibitor, and KT5823, PKG inhibitor, did not affect high $K^+$-induced relaxation. $K^+$ channel blockers like tetraethylammonium (TEA), apamin (APA), glibenclamide (Glib) and barium ($Ba^{2+}$) also had no effect. However, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) and 1H-(1,2,4) oxadiazolo (4,3-A) quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and 4-AP (4-aminopyridine), voltage-dependent $K^+$ channel (KV) blocker, inhibited high $K^+$ -induced relaxation, hence reversing to tonic contraction. High $K^+$-induced relaxation was observed in gastric corpus of human stomach, but only in the longitudinal muscles from greater curvature not lesser curvature. L-NNA, ODQ and KV channel blocker sensitive high $K^+$-induced relaxation in longitudinal muscle of higher portion of corpus was also observed. These results suggest that longitudinal smooth muscle from greater curvature of gastric corpus produced high $K^+$-induced relaxation which was activated by NO/sGC pathway and by $K_V$ channel dependent mechanism.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.191-198
• /
• 2011

Purpose: Although the role of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) as a predictive and prognostic factor for uterine cervical cancer has been identified in previous studies, 1) the effective patient group of screening for recurrence with SCC-Ag, 2) the relationship between SCC-Ag and recurrence site, and 3) the relationship between the change of SCC-Ag and treatment outcome or recurrence have not been described. Materials and Methods: The study included 506 patients with histologically proven uterine cervical cancer between January 1994 and December 2010. We determining the serum SCC-Ag level before treatment and after treatment, and conducted a retrospective review of the patients' records. We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of SCC-Ag for the detection of tumor recurrence by comparing biochemical recurrence with clinical recurrence. Results: The pretreatment SCC-Ag level and the proportion of patients over 1.5 ng/mL were higher in poor prognostic patient group. In the univariate and multivariate analysis, pretreatment SCC-Ag showed a statistically significant correlation with tumor size, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, pathology. In patients with biochemical recurrence vs. those without, 5-year DFS and OS were 27.6 vs. 92.7% (p ${\leq}$ 0.001) and 53.7 vs. 92.5% (p ${\leq}$ 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: Our study reconfirmed the known function of pretreatment SCC-Ag, but could not confirm the function of biochemical response as a predictive factor for treatment and as a prognostic factor. There was no statistically significant relationship between SCC-Ag level and recurrence site. We confirmed the role of SCC-Ag as a follow-up tool for recurrence of disease and which patient groups SCC-Ag was more useful for.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제75권2호
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2013

Background: This study was conducted in order to elucidate the effects of docetaxel on the growth of peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) knockdown A549 xenograft tumors and further tested the role of Prx1 as a predictor for how a patient would respond to docetaxel treatment. Methods: Effects of docetaxel on the growth of scrambled- and shPrx1-infected A549 xenograft tumors in nude mice were measured. Moreover, immunohistochemical expression of Prx1 was evaluated in paraffin-embedded tissues from 24 non-small cell lung cancer patients who had received docetaxel-cisplatin regimens as a first-line treatment. Results: Docetaxel treatment in Prx1 knockdown xenograft tumor resulted in reduced tumors growth compared with other groups. Prx1 knockdown increased the production of cleaved caspases-8 and -9 in the control itself compared to scramble tumors. Moreover, docetaxel treatment in Prx1 knockdown tissue led to an increased protein band. Phosphorylated Akt was found in Prx1 scramble tissues. Phosphorylated FOXO1 was detected in the docetaxel treatment group. On the other hand, Prx1 knockdown completely suppressed the Akt-FOXO1 axis. The median progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with low Prx1 expression was 7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.0-7.7), whereas the median progression-free survival of patients with high Prx1 expression was 4 months (95% CI, 4.0-5.0). However, high Prx1 expression was not associated with decreased PFS (p=0.114). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that elevated Prx1 provides resistance to docetaxel treatment through suppression of FOXO1-induced apoptosis in A549 xenograft tumors, but may not be related with the predictive significance for response to docetaxel treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the tissue response in applying of various bone substitutes included toothash-plaster mixture, resorbable hydroxylapatite (HA) and demineralized freeze-dried bone and to show the clinical usefulness of toothash-plaster mixture for the repair of craniomaxillofacial bone defect. For this experiment, 100 Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200gm or more were used. There were four experimental groups: group I, toothash-plaster mixture; group II, demineralized freeze-dried bone; group III, resorbable HA; and group IV, control group. A full thickness, round bone defect measuring 10mm in diameter was created in the midcranium, and the substitutes cited above were embedded in the experimental rats based on their group assignment. Blood clot was filled in the rats assigned to the control group. Experimental rats were sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 8th, 12th and 24th week after implantation and stained with the hematoxylineosin, Masson's Trichrome, using Van Gieson's stain method, and were examined under light microscope. The results were as follows: 1. In all the groups, prominent inflammatory reaction and the infiltration of multinucleated giant cells were noted during the early stage. Gradual healing decreased this reaction. 2. Among the rats in the experimental group II, which were given demineralized freeze-dried bone implants, active formation of new bone traveculae manifested. Chondroid tissues appeared, and it was suggested that the defect was filled with newly formed bone by virtue of osteoinductive activity. On the 12th week after the experiments, most of the defect was filled with newly formed bone trabeculae. 3. In experimental groups I and III, it was noted that HA manifested a healing process similar to that characterized by the toothash-plaster mixture, but inflammatory reaction was more prominent in experimental group I. Active osteoblasts were observed along the periphery of osteoid tissues, while newly formed bone trabeculae appeared adjacent to the implanted materials three weeks later. Formation increased to the extent that newly formed bone trabeculae fused directly with the host bone. Increase in new bone ingrowth into the filling materials was revealed by both experimental groups. 4. In the control group, new bone formation adjacent to the host bone was observed, but most of the defect was filled with mature connective tissue 24 weeks after the experiments.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.252-259
• /
• 2005

위에 발생하는 원발성 소세포암은 매우 드물며 예후는 좋지 않아 초기에 발견되어도 60% 이상이 1년 이내에 사망한다. 본원 외과에서 수술치료를 받은 위소세포암 첫 번째 증례는 수술소견상 복막전이 소견 등으로 근치적 수술이 불가능하여 위공장문합술을 시행하였다. 수술 후 etoposide, cisplatin화학요법을 시행하고 6개월 뒤에 찍은 CT촬영상 복막전이, 림프절전이가 악화되어 paclitaxel, cisplatin으로 약제변경 하였으나 수술 후 14개월째 사망하였다. 두 번째 증례는 내시경 조직검사상 위선암과 소세포암의 복합 소견을 보였으며 CT 촬영상 복강동맥주위 림프절종대 및 간전이 소견이 발견되었다. TS-1과 cisplatin 선행화학요법 2차 시행 후 림프절 종대는 완전관해, 원발소 및 간전이소는 부분관해 소견을 보여 위전절제술 및 확대림프절 절제술을 시행하였다. 수술로 절제된 위 및 주변 림프절 35개의 조직검사상 암세포가 모두 사멸되었으며 위내 원 발병소는 심한 심유화변성 소견을 보여 수술 전 사용한 항암요법이 유의했다고 판단되었다. 이에 수술 후에도 동일 제제로 4차례 추가 투약을 하였다. 수술 후 6개월에 시행한 CT촬영상 간전이가 진행된 소견을 보여 간우엽 후부절제술을 시행하고 이후 ininotecan과 cisplatin을 이용한 항암화학요법을 5차례 시행하고 있으며 술 후 14개월째 생존 중이다. 세 번째 증례는 순수 소세포암으로 근치적 위아전절제술을 시행하였으며 수술 후 5차례에 걸쳐 TS-1, cisplatin 보조항암화학요법 시행하였고 수술 후 13개월째 재발 없이 생존 중이다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제49권1호
• /
• pp.99-104
• /
• 2000

폐혈관종증은 그 원인이 알려지지 않은 매우 드문 질환으로 폐와 그 주위 조직을 침범하는 미세혈관들의 증식을 특징으로 한다. 조직학적으로는 모세혈관 혈관종증과 해면상 혈관종증으로 나뉘는데, 많은 환자들이 보고되었다. 저자들은 우측어깨의 통증을 주소로 내원한 21세 남자 환자에서 해면상 폐혈관종증을 진단하고 1년간의 interferon alfa-2a치료를 시행하여 임상적, 방사선학적 호전을 경험하였다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제18권9호
• /
• pp.1207-1211
• /
• 2008

Pro-inflammatory cytokine인 종양괴사인자-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$)는 B형 간염바이러스(HBV) 감염에 대한 면역반응의 중요한 매개인자이다. TNF-$\alpha$의 생산은 전사수준에서 주로 조절되며, TNF-$\alpha$ promoter 다형성은 TNF-$\alpha$ 유전자 발현을 변화시키기 때문에, TNF-$\alpha$ promoter 다형성이 만성 HBV 감염의 병태생리에 영향을 미칠 가능성이 높다. 그러므로, 본 연구에서는 TNF-$\alpha$ promoter 다형성과 만성 HBV 감염의 연관성을 조사하였다. 본 연구는 만성 HBV 감염환자 181명, HBV 감염이 자연적으로 치유된 201명, 그리고 건강한 대조군 170명을 대상으로 하였다. TNF-$\alpha$ promoter의 -308G/A와 -238G/A 다형성은 PCR-RFLP법을 통하여 분석하였다. 분석결과, 환자군에서 -308과 -238 유전자형의 분포는 자연치유군 및 건강대조군에서의 분포와 통계적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 또한, 그룹 간에 allele frequency도 통계적 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 따라서, 본 연구의 결과는 한국인에서 TNF-$\alpha$ -308과 -238 promoter 다형성은 만성 B형 간염 바이러스 감염의 발생과 연관성이 없음을 시사한다.