• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.159-163
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• 2006

Objectives : The subacute toxicity was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats orally treated with Dangguibohyel-tang (DBT). DBT has been used for anemia, in Korean medicine. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were administered orally with DBT at the dosages of 1,000 mg/kg for 14 days. We daily examined number of deaths, clinical signs, body weights and gross findings during the 14 days. Results : There were no clinical signs and pathological changes compared with control group. Body weights were not significantly changed between control and treatment groups. In hematological and biochemical serum parameters, all mean values appear to be within the normal range. Conclusion : These results suggest that DBT dose not induce any significant subacute oral toxicities in Sprague-Dawley rats.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.67-80
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• 1994

8-10 week old ICR mice were infected intracerebrally and intraperitoneally with different encephalomyocarditis virus(K$_3$, $K_{11}$, ATT-VR 129) to observe histopathological and immunohistochemical change. Results obtained throuh the experiments were summarized as follows : 1. No differences in clinical signs by the virus strains and the inoculation routes were found. Mice infected with EMCV showed clinical signs after 3 days of inoculation. Main clinical signs were tremors, convulsions, circling movement, and uni or bilateral hindleg paralysis followed by death on the 3-8 days. In general, most of the infected animals died or recovered closely on the 8th day of postinoculation. 2. At necropsy, petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages in lung were observed and no specific findings in other were observed. 3. In histopathological observation, neuroal cell degeneration perivascular mononucear cell in-filtration gliosis were appeared in central nervous system. Myocarditis with myocardial degeneration and necrosis, calcification were observed along with acinar cell necrosis of exocrine glands in pancreas, severe glomerulonephritis in kidney. Also, focal necrosis of hepatocytes and interstitial pneymonia hyperemia, hemorrhages in lungs were observed. 4. By immunohistochemical staining using ABCIT method, the positive cells were recognized in intracytoplasm of acinar cell in pancreas and intracytoplasm of neuronal cells in cerebrum.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.358-368
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• 1999

Subacute toxicity study was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats after daily dermal administration of Sangmosu (0.2, 1.0 and 5.0 g/kg) for one month. There were no clinical signs and pathological changes compared with control group. Bodyweights were not significantly changed between control and Sangmosu treatment groups. In histopathological examinations, there were some pneumonia in lung tissues at all groups of Sangmosu treatment including control, but it was not considered to be caused by Sangmosu. These results suggest that Sangmosu does not induce any significant subacute dermal toxicities in Sprague-Dawley rats.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.349-361
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• 2013

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate the single oral dose toxicity and four weeks repeated dose determination of Gamisasangja-tang (GST) in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods : In the single oral toxicity study, rats were orally administered a single dose of 0 and 5,000 mg/kg GST. There were 5 rats in each group. After single administration, mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes and gross pathological finding were observed for 14 days. In the 4-weeks repeated oral dose determination study, rats were orally administered a single dose of 0, 1,250, 2,500 or 5,000 mg/kg GST. There were 5 rats in each group. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, food consumption and gross pathological finding were observed for 28 days. Organ weight, clinical chemistry and hematology were tested after 28 days. Results : There was no mortality in either of the two studies. There were also no significant differences in clinical sign, body weight, organ weights, hematological or serum chemical parameters between the GST and control groups. Conclusions : The results obtained in this study suggest that the 50% lethal dose of GST is over 5,000 mg/kg, so this finding would be expected to provide scientific evidence for the safety of GST.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.242-245
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• 2011

Socheongryong-tang has been used for the treatment of inflammatory allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma in Asian countries. This study was conducted to investigate the safety of Socheongryong-tang in rats. The safety of this tang on acute toxicity was evaluated by single dose toxicity study. Rats were orally administrated in a single dose of 0 and 2000 mg/kg (limited dose) Socheongryong-tang. There were 7 rats in each groups. All animals were sacrificed after 14 days of treatment. After single administration, mortality, clinlcal signs, body weight changes and gross pathological findings were observed for 14 days. Three parameters were tested: organ weight measurement, clinical chemistry, and hematology. In this study with rats, Socheongryong-tang treatment did not show any acute toxicity. No mortality was noted for 14 days of treatment. There were no adverse effects on clinical signs, body weight, organ eight and gross pathological findings at all treatment groups. The clinical chemistry parameters attesting to liver and kidney functions as well as the hematological parameters were within the normal ranges. From single dose toxicity study with rats, it is considered that $LD_{50}$ of Socheongryong-tang is over 2000 mg/kg in oral administration. This finding of the safety on single dose toxicity study of Socheongryong-tang are expected to strengthen the position of Socheongryong-tang as nontoxic medicine.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.392-394
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• 2016

A 2-year-old spayed female Persian cat presented to Kangwon National University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital with pruritus and erythema on the tips of both ears, around the eyes, and in the caudal abdomen. This patient had previously been prescribed prednisolone, but did not respond positively to the treatment. A skin screening test revealed that there were no fleas or fungi, and that only cocci were present. Blood testing revealed no remarkable findings. The patient was prescribed antibiotics (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 25 mg/kg for 2 weeks) with no prednisolone. After 2 weeks, clinical signs were alleviated and the skin screening test showed no signs of cocci. However, clinical signs recurred even with the prescription of antibiotics. Four weeks after the steroid-free interval, Malassezia spp. hypersensitivity was detected upon a serum allergy test, and pathological analysis confirmed eosinophilic and mastocytic superficial dermatitis in the caudal abdomen. Based on these results, we suspected allergic dermatitis and prescribed 7 mg/kg cyclosporine A once a day. After 3 weeks, clinical signs were resolved. Seven weeks after the first trial with cyclosporine A, we reduced the cyclosporine A dose to 7 mg/kg every other day. The patient's symptoms have since been well controlled for 6 months. This study suggests that cyclosporine A can be a good choice for treating cats with suspected allergic dermatitis that has not responded positively to steroid treatment.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.411-414
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• 1998

The acute toxicity of DWP-311 was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. DWP-311 was subcutaneously administratered at dose levels of 595, 1,070, 1,930, 3,470, and 6,250mg/kg. In this study, we daily examined numbers of deaths, clinical signs, body weights, and pathological examinations for 7 days after administration of DWP-311. The results indicate that DWP-311 did not show any toxic effect in rats and the oral $LD_{50}$ value was over 6,250mg/kg in Sprague-Dawley rats.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.369-374
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• 1995

Aujeszky's disease virus(ADV) was inoculated intranasally into the Korean native goats to investigate pathological findings and pathogenesis of ADV infection by using of histological and immunohistochemical methods and in situ hybridization(ISH). Clinical signs of salvation, pyrexia, pruritus and staggering were followed by death with five days after inoculation, Pathoanatomical findings were edema of the lung and the urinary bladder with hemorrhage and congestion, petechial hemorrhages on the endo-and epicardium, renal congestion, moderate splenomegaly and cystic edema. Main microsocpic lesions observed in all infected goats were confined to the CNS and charcterized by perivascular cuffing with lymphocytes and macrophages, focal gliosis, neuronal degeneration and necrosis, and intranuclear inclusion bodies in the neurons and glial cells. Positive reactions to ADV were detected more frequently in the nuclei than in the cytoplasms of infected nerve cells in the CNS by immunohistochemistry and ISH. Frequenctly localized sites of ADV in the CNS were olfactory bulb, prietal cortex, callosal sulcus and corpus callosum. Positive reactions were also detected in the tonsillar epithelium, and alveolar macrophage and sloughed epithelium of the lung.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.917-923
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• 1995

For the purpose of analysis of clinical and pathological characteristics in mediastinal tumors and cysts, 82 patients with mediastinal tumors and cysts treated in the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery in Chosun University Hospital during the period from January 1978 to December 1994 were reviewed. There were 49 male and 33 female patients in the study. Age ranges from 10 months to 84 years, with the mean 37.2 years. Frequently encountered symptoms and signs were dyspnea[40.2% , abnormal breathing sound[37.8% , chest pain[35.7% , cough[26.8% , and 18.2% of patients were asymptomatic. The most frequent tumor was anterosuperior mediastinum [59.8% followed by middle[24.4% and posterior mediastinum[15.8% . The malignant tumors were found in 35 cases[42.7% . Successful removal of the mass was possible in all the benign mediastinal masses[57.3% . But in the malignant cases, the surgical removal was possible in 18 cases and other inoperable cases were treated by radiation and chemotherapy. The postoperative complications occurred in 9 cases. Usual complications were bleeding[4 cases , wound infection[3 cases , pneumothorax[1 case and vocal cord paralysis[1 case . In the pathologic viewpoint, teratodermoid tumors[22.0% were the most frequent tumor followed by thymomas[19.5 , benign cysts[15.8% , lymphomas[13.4% and neurogenic tumors[8.5% .

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.99-104
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• 1984

Authors observed an outbreak of porcine pleuropneumonia at a piggery in Gyeongbug, Korea, which were diagnosed on the ground of clinical and pathological findings with the following results. 1. One hundred and forty weanlings out of 200 ones died suddenly without noticiable signs during the period of 15 days. All of the dead pigs showed formy, blood-tinged discharge from the nose and mouth. 2. Main clinical findings observed from 60 alive pigs from group consisted of fever, cyanosis severe degree of dyspnea and pleuritic friction rub. 3. On hematological observation for typical 5 cases leukocytes showed marked degenerative left shift with leukopenia (10500-13070/cmm), neutropenia (7-13%) and increase in the number of band neutrophils (6-27%). 4. The most prominent and constant pathological changes observed at necropsy for dead or alive pigs consisted of fibrinous pleurisy with partial adhesion, overlying of the pulmonary surface with fibrinous menbrane and necrotic pneumonic lesions with marked edema and congestion of lung parenchyma. 5. From these results the outbreak was considered to be typical porcine pleuropneumonia, although no bacteriological isolation was attempted.