• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.62 no.6
• /
• pp.912-921
• /
• 2020

We examined the rates of pathogenic bacterial cross-contamination from gloves to meat and from meat to gloves during pork processing under meat-handling scenarios in transfer rate experiments of inoculated pathogens. The inoculated pork contained ~5-6 Log10 CFU/g pathogenic bacteria like Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (Sal. enteritidis). On cotton gloves, after cutting the pork, the cutting board, knife, and cotton gloves showed 3.07-3.50, 3.29-3.92 and 4.48-4.86 Log10 CFU/g bacteria. However, when using polyethylene gloves, fewer bacteria (3.12-3.75, 3.20-3.33, and 3.07-3.97 Log10 CFU/g, respectively) were transferred. When four pathogens (6 Log10 CFU/g) were inoculated onto the gloves, polyethylene gloves showed a lower transition rate (cutting board 2.47-3.40, knife 2.01-3.98, and polyethylene glove 2.40-2.98 Log10 CFU/g) than cotton gloves. For cotton gloves, these values were 3.46-3.96, 3.37-4.06, and 3.55-4.00 Log10 CFU/g, respectively. Use of cotton gloves, polyethylene gloves, knives and cutting boards for up to 10 hours in a meat butchering environment has not exceeded HACCP regulations. However, after 10 h of use, 3.09, 3.27, and 2.94 Log10 CFU/g of plate count bacteria were detected on the cotton gloves, cutting board, and knives but polyethylene gloves showed no bacterial count. Our results reveal the transfer efficiency of pathogenic bacteria and that gloved hands may act as a transfer route of pathogenic bacteria between meat and hands. The best hand hygiene was achieved when wearing polyethylene gloves. Thus, use of polyethylene rather than cotton gloves reduces cross-contamination during meat processing.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.58 no.4
• /
• pp.349-354
• /
• 2015

Brown blotch disease in cultivated mushrooms is caused by Pseudomonas tolaasii, which secretes a lipodepsipeptide, tolaasin. Tolaasin is a pore-forming toxin in the cell membranes, thus destroying the fruiting body structure of mushroom. In this study, we isolated pathogenic bacteria from mushrooms that had symptoms of brown blotch disease. In order to identify these bacteria, their 16S rRNA genes were sequenced and analyzed. Pathogenic bacteria identified as Pseudomonas species were thirty five and classified into five subgroups: P1 to P5. Each subgroup showed different metabolic profile measured by API 20NE kit. Fifty percent of the bacteria were identified as P. tolaasii (P1 subgroup). All five subgroups caused the formation of brown blotches on mushroom tissues and the optimum temperature was 25oC, indicating that they may be able to secrete causal factors, such as tolaasin and similar peptide toxins. These results show that there are at least five different pathogenic Pseudomonas species as blotch-causing bacteria and, therefore, strains from the P2 to P5 subgroups should be also considered and studied as pathogens in order to improve the quality and yield of mushroom production.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a pathogenic bacteria filtration instrument for infection prevention during mouth-to-mouth ventilation. Methods: Two kinds of face shields were used for the study. One rescuer blew the filter through a bag valve mask and the filter was then cultured for bacteria. The mask was tested both on the front and back side. Results: Two kinds of face shields including the KF shield and CM shield were tested. The KF shield has received national certification and it prevented transmission of bacterial infection but the CM shield showed the opposite result and did not prevent bacterial transmission. Pathogenic bacteria were found on the back of the CM shield. Conclusion: A certified face shield is very important to prevent bacterial transmission. Face shields should be demonstrated and used by paramedic students.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.227-237
• /
• 2005

To obtain antimicrobial compounds against fish pathogenic bacteria from natural products, 80% methanolic extracts from 14 species of medicinal plant were screened for antimicrobial activity against fish pathogenic bacteria, Edwardsiella tarda and Vibrio anguillarum. Among them, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Rhus vemiciflua and Sanguisorba officinalis were effective for growth inhibition of Gram-negative bacteria, both E. tarda YSF and V. anguillarum YSR. Through the activity-guided isolation for R. verniciflua extract that exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity among three extracts, one antimicrobial compound (1) was isolated and identified as methyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, or methyl gallate. This compound significantly inhibited the growth of tested strains of both E. tarda and V. anguillarum exhibiting MIC of 1 mg/ml for each strain.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.125-129
• /
• 2007

Artemisia capillaris THUNB is a perennial herb that belongs to the family Compositae spp and the most common plant among the various herbal folk remedies used in treatment of abdominal pain, hepatitis, chronic liver disease, jaundice and coughing in Korea. This experiment was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effects of orally administrated Artemisia capillaris extracts on the pathogenic bacteria in 200 ICR mice. The experimental groups showed inhibitory effects on the bacteria in $1{\sim}3$ days after inoculation. After 21 days of inoculation, no viable bacterial cells appeared in the feces of both experimental groups while they did appear in the control group. The results of these studies indicate Artemisia capillaris extract exhibited excellent antimicrobial and inhibitory effects on the food poisoning pathogenic bacteria; S. enteritidis, E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus.

• Food Engineering Progress
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.191-200
• /
• 2017

There have been great efforts to develop a rapid and sensitive detection method to monitor the presence of pathogenic bacteria in food. While a number of methods have been reported for bacterial detection with a detection limit to a single digit, most of them are suitable only for the bacteria in pure culture or buffered solution. On the other hand, foods are composed of highly complicated matrices containing carbohydrate, fat, protein, fibers, and many other components whose composition varies from one food to the other. Furthermore, many components in food interfere with the downstream detection process, which significantly affect the sensitivity and selectivity of the detection. Therefore, isolating and concentrating the target pathogenic bacteria from food matrices are of importance to enhance the detection power of the system. The present review provides an introduction to the representative sample preparation strategies to isolate target pathogenic bacteria from food sample. We further describe the nucleic acid-based detection methods, such as PCR, real-time PCR, NASBA, RCA, LCR, and LAMP. Nucleic acid-based methods are by far the most sensitive and effective for the detection of a low number of target pathogens whose performance is greatly improved by combining with the sample preparation methods.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.31 no.9
• /
• pp.1288-1294
• /
• 2021

There are a growing number of reports of hospital-acquired infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Many plant products are now being used as a natural means of exploring antimicrobial agents against different types of human pathogenic bacteria. In this research, we sought to isolate and identify an active molecule from Sedum takesimense that has possible antibacterial activity against various clinical isolates of MRSA. NMR analysis revealed that the structure of the HPLC-purified compound was 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-glucose. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of different extract fractions against numerous pathogenic bacteria was determined, and the actively purified compound has potent antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria, i.e., MRSA and its clinical isolates. In addition, the combination of the active compound and β-lactam antibiotics (e.g., oxacillin) demonstrated synergistic action against MRSA, with a fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index of 0.281. The current research revealed an alternative approach to combating pathogenesis caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria using plant materials. Furthermore, using a combination approach in which the active plant-derived compound is combined with antibiotics has proved to be a successful way of destroying pathogens synergistically.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.35-47
• /
• 2024

Milk exosomes contain several bioactive molecules, including lipids, proteins, and miRNAs, which enhance immune response. This study aimed to assess the resistance effects of bovine colostrum exosomes (BCEs) on pathogenic microbial infections in a Caenorhabditis elegans model. BCEs have been shown to enhance the protective response of C. elegans to pathogenic bacterial infections. Our study revealed that BCE extended the lifespan of worms compared to control OP50 worms. In addition, nematode colostrum exosomes promoted nematode resistance to four pathogenic bacteria and prolonged their lifespan in a killing assay. In contrast, mature milk-derived exosomes (BME) did not affect the resistance and lifespan of nematodes exposed to pathogenic bacteria. BCE exposure extended the lifespan of C. elegans against pathogenic infections by stimulating the innate immune response and increasing antimicrobial protein expression. Using biological process-related gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, the significantly upregulated GO terms related to C. elegans immunity in BCE-exposed C. elegans included defense, innate immunity, and immune responses. This study demonstrated that BCE enhanced the host defense of C. elegans to prolong its lifespan, thereby suggesting a new natural product against infection by pathogenic bacteria.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.56 no.1
• /
• pp.99-108
• /
• 2023

In this study, changes in biofloc-related and pathogenic bacteria in both low and high concentration biofloc breeding water planted with the halophyte (Triglochin maritimum were investigated). In the low-concentration biofloc breeding water, the ratio of bacteria related to the nitrogen cycle was initially 59.57% and, it decreased to 26.57% at the end of the experiment while other bacteria (excluding nitrogen-cycling bacteria and vibrios) increased from 38.75% to 73.43%. However, the planted experimental group maintained a relatively high ratio of nitrogen cycling bacteria at 58%. In the high-concentration experimental group, bacteria related to the initial nitrogen cycle, non-pathogenic vibrios, and pathogenic vibrios were 11.60, 36.28, and 20.14%, respectively. Finally, nitrogen-cycling bacteria were 36.47% in the control group and 37.55% in the planted group. The total number of vibrios decreased by 46.54% in the planted group and 48.01% in the control group, indicating a significant decrease in both experimental groups. However, the residual rate of pathogenic vibrios was 4.48% in the control group and 0.54% in the planted group. Overall, the planted group showed decreasing harmful bacteria and increasing useful bacteria.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.52 no.6
• /
• pp.617-624
• /
• 2019

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma is one of the promising next generation non-thermal technologies for food sterilization. The present study investigated the effects of DBD plasma on the reduction of most common food-borne pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella enterica) and sanitary indicative bacteria (Escherichia coli) in the suspension (initial inoculum of approx. 9 log CFU/mL). The bacterial counts were significantly (P<0.05) reduced with the increase in the treatment time (1-30 min) of DBD plasma in the suspension. The D-values (time for 90% reduction) of DBD plasma by first-order kinetics for S. aureus, B. cereus, V. parahaemolyticus, S. enterica, and E. coli were 17.76, 19.96, 32.89, 21.55, and 15.24 min, respectively (R²>0.90). These results specifically showed that 30 min of DBD plasma treatment in > 90% reduction of seafood-borne pathogenic and sanitary indicative bacteria. This suspension study may provide the basic data for use in seafood processing and distribution.