• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to compare the initial apical file(IAF) first Ole that fits to the apex in each canal before and after early flaring to analyze if the size of file to fit to the apex would increase after flaring. Eighty anterior teeth with complete apical formation and patent foramens were selected. The samples were randomly divided into 4 groups(GG, OS, GT, PT Group) of 20 teeth each. A file was fit to the apex in each canal and that size recorded. Radicular flaring were completed using different types of instruments. After flaring a file was again fit to the apex in the same manner as before and its size recorded. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The mean diameter of IAF before flaring(file diameters in $mm{\times}10^{-2}$) was $19.81{\pm}8.32$ before and $25.94{\pm}9.21$ after(p<0.05). 2. The increase in diameter of IAF was approximately one file size for all groups. 3. Ranking of increasing diameter of IAF were GG>CT>OS>PT group. There was a statistically significant difference between before and after flaring(p<0.05). 4 Ranking of the time for flaring were GG>GT>OS>PT group. There was a statistically significant difference between GG group and other groups(p<0.05). 5. In the case without change of IAF diameter, they showed decrease in force after flaring when IAF was pulled out from root canal(p<0.05). This study suggested that early radicular flaring increases the file size that is snug at the apex, and awareness of that difference gives the clinician a better sense of canal size. Early flaring of the canal provides better apical size information and with this awareness, a better decision can be made concerning the appropriate final diameter needed for complete apical shaping.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.69-87
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• 2023

Objectives : This study collected and analyzed information related to preventive formulas from continuously published and revised COVID-19 treatment guidelines in various regions of China. Methods : We collected treatment guidelines published in different regions of China and categorized formulas for prevention and medical observation period listed in them according to the editions. The categorized preventive formulas were compared by type and target group. Results : Herbal medicines used for prevention included formulas derived from Korean medical classics, such as Okbyeongpungsan(玉屏風散) and Eunkyosan(銀翹散). The newly composed formulas, totaling over 100, were created by adding, subtracting, and combining formulas such as Sang-gukeum(桑菊飮), Eunkyosan(銀翹散), Sasammaekmundongtang(沙參麥門冬湯), Okbyeongpungsan(玉屏風散), Gwakhyangjeong-gisan(藿香正氣散), and Soshihotang(小柴胡湯). Patent medicines including Huoxiangzhengqi capsule(藿香正氣膠囊), Lianhuaqingwen capsule(連花淸瘟膠囊), Shufengjiedu capsule(疏風解毒膠囊), and Jinhuaqinggan granule(金花淸感顆粒) were frequently used, mainly targeting close contacts. These medicines were used differently depending on the specific population group, such as the general population, the elderly, children, pregnant women, and patients with underlying diseases, and were also applied differently according to the individual's constitution. Conclusion : We were able to identify various background factors contained in the guidelines for the use of preventive formulas presented by TCM group, and understand the social conditions that enabled the group to provide such guidelines. Through this, thorough preparation should be made so that the Korean Medicine can actively respond to another future pandemic.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.47-59
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• 2017

Korean Economy has been developed by the Korean Government's Support for the Large-sized Firms. This Government Policy causes the Polarization between Large-sized and Micro-sized Firms Aggravated. Micro-sized Firms are distributed over the Whole Industry Area, and can also cause the Economic Crisis If They are crashed down. Therefore Government Policy for the Micro-sized Manufacturing Industry is very Important Issue. This Paper Focused on the Analysis of Current Status for the Shoes Micro Manufacturing Industry. For the Effective Analysis, This Paper uses the Statistical Data Open to the Public and also conducts the Survey for the Micro-sized Firms in Busan. Statistical Program is used for Analyzing the Collected Data and the Major Findings are as Follows. First, Shoes Industry is led by the Micro and Small & Medium sized Firms rather than the Large-sized. And the Micro-sized Firms are getting the High Rate among the Whole Shoes Industry. Busan is heavily populated Area as the Origin of Shoes Industry. Second, even though Most of the Owner of the Micro-sized Firms have the High Technology Skill Level, Worker's Aging Phenomenon gets Worse and causes the Technology Handing down to the Next Generation Difficult. Third, Because the Factory Facility of the Micro-sized Firms is Dirt and Unstable, the Modernized Manufacturing Infrastructure such as the Apartment Factory Facility is Necessary. Forth, as the Micro-sized Firms which have the Intangible Asset such as Patent is Few, the Government Policy for Encouraging the Patent Application is strongly Needed. Fifth, Entrepreneurship and Collaboration Mind between Micro-sized Firms are Lacked, so Establishment of the Cooperative Union is required. Finally, the Effort for the Systemic Planning for the Management is lacked, and the Introduction of the Management Innovation is strongly needed. The Limitation and Future Research Direction is also discussed.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.443-460
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• 2012

Technology is closely related to industrial development and various studies have been performed to understand the linked structure for knowledge flow between the technology and industry. The research, however, wasn't carried out to flow for Korea National Research and Development projects. In this study, linked structure for technology-industry was discussed by utilizing patent data performed in actual National R&D using NTIS Information of the national research and development, and then it was analyzed how knowledge flows between the technology and industry are flowing. It should be defined that the individual applications expected by researchers at the start of the research and technology-industry applications actually applied from the research performances after research was completed. As a result, it was confirmed in most projects the flow of knowledge was occurring to predicted industries before the start of the R&D. However, the technology was applied to unexpected industry in three industries such as Y09(medical, precision and optical instruments), Y10(electrical and mechanical equipment), Y11(automotive and transportation equipment). The results of this study will be able to contribute to planning for efficient investment strategy of technology-industry by investigating the technology-industry knowledge flow relations of national R&D projects.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.93-111
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• 2013

As Internet and information technology (IT) continues to develop and evolve, the issue of big data has emerged at the foreground of scholarly and industrial attention. Big data is generally defined as data that exceed the range that can be collected, stored, managed and analyzed by existing conventional information systems and it also refers to the new technologies designed to effectively extract values from such data. With the widespread dissemination of IT systems, continual efforts have been made in various fields of industry such as R&D, manufacturing, and finance to collect and analyze immense quantities of data in order to extract meaningful information and to use this information to solve various problems. Since IT has converged with various industries in many aspects, digital data are now being generated at a remarkably accelerating rate while developments in state-of-the-art technology have led to continual enhancements in system performance. The types of big data that are currently receiving the most attention include information available within companies, such as information on consumer characteristics, information on purchase records, logistics information and log information indicating the usage of products and services by consumers, as well as information accumulated outside companies, such as information on the web search traffic of online users, social network information, and patent information. Among these various types of big data, web searches performed by online users constitute one of the most effective and important sources of information for marketing purposes because consumers search for information on the internet in order to make efficient and rational choices. Recently, Google has provided public access to its information on the web search traffic of online users through a service named Google Trends. Research that uses this web search traffic information to analyze the information search behavior of online users is now receiving much attention in academia and in fields of industry. Studies using web search traffic information can be broadly classified into two fields. The first field consists of empirical demonstrations that show how web search information can be used to forecast social phenomena, the purchasing power of consumers, the outcomes of political elections, etc. The other field focuses on using web search traffic information to observe consumer behavior, identifying the attributes of a product that consumers regard as important or tracking changes on consumers' expectations, for example, but relatively less research has been completed in this field. In particular, to the extent of our knowledge, hardly any studies related to brands have yet attempted to use web search traffic information to analyze the factors that influence consumers' purchasing activities. This study aims to demonstrate that consumers' web search traffic information can be used to derive the relations among brands and the relations between an individual brand and product attributes. When consumers input their search words on the web, they may use a single keyword for the search, but they also often input multiple keywords to seek related information (this is referred to as simultaneous searching). A consumer performs a simultaneous search either to simultaneously compare two product brands to obtain information on their similarities and differences, or to acquire more in-depth information about a specific attribute in a specific brand. Web search traffic information shows that the quantity of simultaneous searches using certain keywords increases when the relation is closer in the consumer's mind and it will be possible to derive the relations between each of the keywords by collecting this relational data and subjecting it to network analysis. Accordingly, this study proposes a method of analyzing how brands are positioned by consumers and what relationships exist between product attributes and an individual brand, using simultaneous search traffic information. It also presents case studies demonstrating the actual application of this method, with a focus on tablets, belonging to innovative product groups.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.835-848
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to find efficient and customized tools for delivering the benefit of health functional foods (HFFs). Delivery tools which could influence the impact of advertising were images, explanations of ingredients, diagrams of health benefit, patents, and comments from authority. Six advertisements were developed using these tools: "A": relevant image + explanation of ingredients + scientific diagram of efficacy; "B": relevant image + explanation of ingredients; "C": relevant image; "D": irrelevant image; "E": irrelevant image + explanation of ingredient + patent; "F": irrelevant image + explanation of ingredient + comments from authority. To analyze the consumer perceptions on HFFs and advertisement effects, 300 respondents were requested to answer a questionnaire comprising of the following questions: 5 questions of attitudes (necessity of HFFs, trust in HFFs, gathering information, watching advertisements and trust in advertisement claims) and 6 questions on the 6 developed advertisements (attention, understanding, sufficiency of information, sympathy, trust, and purchase). Scoring was done as per the 5 Likert scale. There was a higher proportion of females and the elderly, as compared to males and youngsters. The overall consumer attitudes were positive. Explanation of ingredients, scientific diagram of health benefit, patents and expert comments were helpful factors in increasing the advertisement evaluation by consumer, but the images were not. Advertisement evaluation of consumer did not differ with gender and age. However, differences were observed between some of the consumer attitudes (necessity of HFFs, trust in HFFs, gathering information and trust in advertisements claim) and advertisement evaluations (attention, understanding, sympathy and purchase). Our results indicate that for consumers utilizing the HFFs, advertisements with concrete tools such as diagrams, patent, and expert comments are more helpful. However, for consumers who do not have interest in HFFs, the scientific information was irrelevant. We believe that to maximize the effect of health information in advertisements, consumers should be segmented, and customized tools for each segment needs to be developed.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.53-69
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• 2019

Purpose - National scientific technology R&D investment is exceeding 60 trillion won per year, and the results of patent applications and technology transfers are visually improving. However, despite the improving research results of national R&D, the practical results of technology startups are mediocre. It is now time to expand the construction of the technology commercialization ecosystem, where the expansion of national R&D leads to the results of technology startups. Therefore, this study discussed the measures to increase the competitiveness of technology startups through the factual survey of the companies that benefitted from R&D support programs. Research design, data, and methodology - This study targeted 996 companies that benefitted from the R&D projects of the Technology Transfer Center for National R&D Programs, and deducted itemized issues through the survey replies. Survey questions were prepared to estimate the national R&D results, and the technology recognition path, the purpose of detailed introduction of the technology, investment of the commercialization fund, economic results, and the factors of success and failure were analyzed. Results - As for the recognition rate of technology during the process of corporate technology commercialization through the technology transfer, recognition through project participation showed a high response rate, and diverse implications of technology commercialization were deducted through the analysis of economic results. As for the resolution alternatives, the proliferation of technology commercialization platform that can create excellent technology for the companies in early stages and the measure of expanding the distribution of technology infrastructure were suggested. In this study, public technology commercialization strategy is established, and the innovative marketing strategy is presented. Conclusions - This study reveal that the result of creating scientific technology jobs should be deducted, in order to produce the revolutionary results of job creation by suggesting the success models of technology commercialization based on domestic scientific technology. In particular, even though the support systems for public research results are being diversely suggested, accurate studies on their actual conditions are currently lacking. Therefore, this study suggest realistic political alternatives to assure results in the process of public technology commercialization, by examining the current state of public research results of R&D support institutions and diagnosing the issues.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.37-46
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• 2016

Patent application as achievements from R&D institutions in public sector have quantitatively increased by expanding R&D investment for enhancing competitiveness but there have been few tangible outputs from the investment. From this reason, TLO(Technology Transfer&Licensing Organization) and its operation becomes more important to implement technology transfer and commercialization and to bring success in the related business. To get work done more efficiently and to improve utilizing products of the R&D in the TLO, this research is to draw domains and activities of TLO and establish its task systems by prioritizing activities. From literature reviews and expert interviews, we generated 6 work domains and 21 task items. Applying AHP analysis, we discriminated the relative importance from task items and analyzed its priority. The finding of this research can provide implications for TLO to increase work efficiency and improve its performance.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.159-173
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• 2017

In order to provide technical financial support to small and medium-sized venture companies based on technology, the government implemented the TCB evaluation, which is a kind of technology rating evaluation, from the Kibo and a qualified private TCB. In this paper, we briefly review the current state of TCB evaluation and available indicators related to technology evaluation accumulated in the Korea Credit Information Services (TDB), and then use indicators that have a significant effect on the technology rating score. Multiple regression techniques will be explored. And the relative importance and classification accuracy of the indicators were calculated by applying the key indicators as independent features applied to the generalized boosting model, which is a representative machine learning classifier, as the class influence and the fitness of each model. As a result of the analysis, it was analyzed that the relative importance between the two models was not significantly different. However, GBM model had more weight on the InnoBiz certification, R&D department, patent registration and venture confirmation indicators than regression model.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.211-218
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• 2020

This study compared and analyzed the efficiency of the research results of the convergence research project operated by the National Science and Technology Research Council and the general research project carried out by the Government-funded research institute and proposed measures to enhance the efficiency of the operation and management of convergence research. Research data were collected from 21 government-funded research institutes through an information disclosure claim and DEA analysis was conducted for efficiency assessment. The SCI papers of convergence research showed high efficiency, and the patent registration and technology transfer sector showed high efficiency of general research projects. This indicates that convergence research projects for securing lead and original technologies are highly efficient, but their performance is low due to lack of participation by businesses in terms of the utilization of derived technologies, and more companies' participation and opportunities are needed for practical use of convergence research results. Through the analysis of efficiency of convergence research project performance, this study provided policy and guidance for R&D planning for rational investment of limited manpower and research costs. Further, future research on identifying efficiency is proposed depending on the type of technology subject to convergence research as a method for managing convergence research.