• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.141-153
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• 2023

In order to develop and take full advantage of pasture fiber and waste concrete, this article studied how different amounts of pasture fiber influenced the toughness and pore structure of concrete with different replacement rates of recycled fine aggregate. Pasture fiber recycled concrete constitutive equations were established under idealized stiffness and toughness damage rate, based on fracture energy and damage mechanics theories. The relationship between pore structure and toughness was studied utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance and fractal theory. The toughness of text groups (0% (JZ), 10% (ZS10), 20% (ZS20)) first increased and then decreased with increasing amounts of pasture fiber, based on the damage rate of toughness. The toughness of concrete samples with recycled fine aggregate and pasture fiber is negatively correlated to the fractal dimension of small and medium-sized pores with a pore size of 0-500 nm. At a replacement rate of 10% of the recycled fine aggregate, the fractal dimension of the air voids (r: 500-9000 nm, i.e., Lg(r) ∈ [2.7, 3.9]) shows a gradual decrease with the increase of grass fiber dosage, indicating that with such a replacement rate of the recycled fine aggregate, the increase of pasture fiber can reduce the complexity of the pore structure of the air voids (500-9000 nm).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1606-1613
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Yerba Mate (YM) supplementation on nutrients' degradation, in vitro dry matter disappearance, gas production and rumen ammonia concentration. Three rumen-fistulated Holstein Friesian cows were used for the in situ incubations and provided rumen liquor for in vitro incubations. The inclusion of YM in a control diet (pasture+pellets) affected some in sacco degradation parameters. YM supplementation decreased the effective degradability and degradation rate of pasture crude protein (CP), and it seems to slow down the degradation of pasture neutral detergent fiber. A significant increase of degradation of pasture acid detergent fiber (ADF) was detected after YM inclusion in the control diet. YM supplementation reduced in vitro gas production of pasture and ammonia concentration of pellets. The addition of YM in ruminant diet could decrease ammonia production and increase protein availability for productive purposes. The moderate presence of tannins in YM could have affected the degradation kinetics of pasture CP and ADF and the ammonia production of pellets.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.137-140
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• 1990

본 연구는 山地草地에 있어서 사경方向과 海技標高가 牧草의 乾物生塵量과 品質에 미치는 影響을 究明 하고자 1986년부터 1987년까지 2년간 수행되었다. 1. 山地草地에 있어서 順料方向에 의한 orchardgrass의 乾物生塵量과 租蛋白質 含量은 北料面아 南料面보다 높았고, 南北 t 兩料面 모두 標高가 높아짐에 따라서 乾物生塵量과 組蛋白質 含量이 增加하였다. 2. Neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF) 含量 및 in vitro 乾物消化率은 碩料方向間(南, 北) 그리고 標高間(250m, 350m, 500m)에 差異가 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 1996

A field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of grazing stage and intensity on the forage production and nutritive value in orchardgrass dominant pasture, 1989 and 1990. The grazing stages were 20- 25m, 30-35cm and 40-45cm of plant height, and high and medium grazing intensity were set by the number of growing cows (initial body weight: 230-250kg), which was adJusted according to the pasture production. The high level of grazing intensity was 150% of medium intensity. Annual grazing frequency was 10 times in 20-25cm. 8 times in 30-35cm. and 6 times in 40-45cm of plant height. Dry matter(DM) yield was increased with increasing of plant height at grazing : 7,090kg in 20-25cm 7,882kg in 30-35n and 8,260 kgha in 40-45cm of height. Higher DM was observed at medium grazing intensity. In spring, daily DM production was more vigorous than those in summer and autumn season. Cmde protein (CP), digestible DM, and DM intake were decreased with increasing of plant height at grazing. CP content was 25.8% in 20-25cm 22.4% in 30-35m and 19.2% in 40-45cm, while the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were increased with higher plant height. Relative feed value was 11 1.2 in 20-25cm, 104.4 in 30-35n and 99.6 in 40-45cm. Also nutritive value of pre-grazing pasture plants was remarkably higher than that of post-grazing, and not significant differences of nutritive value were found between grazing intensity. From the above mults, it may be concluded that optimum plant height for grazing was 20-25cm and 30- 35cm in pasture mixtures dominated by orchardgms, and medium grazing intensity was very desirable for pasture productivity.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.169-174
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• 1991

For simple estimation of pasture production and nutritive value in relation to height of orchardgrass (Ductylis glomumtu L.), the experiment was carried out in a pasture mixture dominated by orchardgrass. The samples of grasses were harvested at the heights of about 30, 40, 50, 70 and 90 cm at the first harvest under different percentage of 100 (grass coverage): 0 (bareland), 80 : 20, 60 : 40, 40 : 60 and 20 : 80, respectively. As the height of orchardgrass was increased, fresh and dry matter (DM) yield were significantly increased. The regression equation between DM yield (Y) and height (X) was Y=ll. 5390 X- 146.60 (r=O. 9414 * * ). Also the higher bareland, the lower pasture production was observed. As the plant height at the first harvest was increased, the contents of crude (C) protein, C. fat, C. ash and relative feed value were markedly decreased. On the other hand, the contents of C. fiber, NFE, NDF. ADF, cellulose and lignin were significantly increased, respectively. The higher height, the lower DM digestibility was found. The equation between digestibility (Y) and height (X) was Y=- 0.2193 X+ 80.99 (r = - 0.9862**). Considering DM yield, digestibility and crude protein, the optimum height of orchardgrass at the first harvest was 59 to 67crn for better pasture production and nutritive value.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 1994

Forage quality evaluation with several grasses grown at a high altitude pasture situated at 1,000m above sea level was made to determine what is the feed value of these grasses and whether these grasses have any differences in forage quality compared with the grdsses grown at lowland pastures. In this experiment, Common, Venture, and Palaton reed canarygrass (Phahris arundinucea L.) and Climax timothy (Phleum pratense L.) were used and harvested at two different dates, 5 July and 30 September, 1989. Cmde protein (CP) concentrations in the grasses grown in September were higher than in July. Among the grasses grown, Palaton and Common reed canarygrass were highest in CP concentration in July and September, respectively. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations in the grasses harvested in July were higher than in September. Palaton reed canruygrass was lowest in ADF and NDF concentrations at the both harvest dates. Relative feed value (RFV) in the grases harvested in July was ranged from 92 to 105 and that in September was from 110 to 117. Palation reed canarygrass had the highest RFV of 105 and 117 in July and September, respectively, therefore, the forage quality of this grass was ranked as Grade 2 based on the AFGC Hay Quality Standards. Overall forage quality of the grasses grown at a high altitude pasture seemed to be higher than the forage quality at lowland pastures. Based on the RFV assigned by the AFGC, forages with RFV 92 to 117 in this experiment could only work well in rations for low producing dairy cows.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2009

본 연구는 제경법을 이용한 유기초지 조성기술을 확립하기 위하여 2005년부터 2007년까지 3년 동안 수행하였으며 방목 축으로는 흑염소가 사용되었다. 시험설계는 관행조성구인 대조구, 퇴구비시용 후 방목구, 방목 후 퇴구비 시용구, 방목 후 퇴구비 시용 재방목구로 처리하였다. 목초정착률은 관행구인 대조구가 유기조성구에 비하여 현저하게 증가하였으며(p<0.05), 또한 건물생산성도 유기조성구에 비하여 대조구에서 현저한 증가를 나타냈다. 조성 후 연차가 경과함에 따라 식생 및 건물생산성이 개선되어 조성효과와 아울러 조성 후 관리의 중요성을 인식할 수 있다. 목초의 사료가치는 대조구와 유기조성구 모두 큰 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, 화본과 목초의 비율은 조성1년차가 2년차에 비하여 높은 경향을 보였다. 시험 종료 후 토양 성분을 조사한 결과 pH와 양이온치환용량은 시험전과 거의 변화가 없었으나 유기물과 인산 함량은 약간 증가하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.818-824
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• 2014

The nutrient composition of pasture, voluntary intake and digestibility of diet ingested by goats grazing on an introduced Leymus chinensis pasture were measured across spring (May), summer (July), autumn (October) and winter (March). In each season, 12 Inner Mongolian Cashmere goats (6 wethers and 6 does with an average live weight of $22.2{\pm}1.3$ kg and $19.5{\pm}0.8$ kg, respectively) were used to graze on a 2 hectares size paddock. Diet selection was observed and the plant parts selected by grazing goats and whole plant L. chinensis were sampled simultaneously. The alkane pair $C_{32}:C_{33}$ and $C_{36}$ were used to estimate intake and digestibility, respectively. The results showed that the plant parts selected by goats had higher crude protein (CP) and lower acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) than the whole plant, especially in the autumn and winter. The voluntary intake of dry matter (DM), CP, ADF, NDF, and metabolizable energy (ME) by goats was highest in summer (p<0.05). The goats ingested more CP, ME, and less ADF in spring than in autumn (p<0.05). The intakes of DM, CP, and ME were lowest in winter (p<0.05). There were significant differences in nutrient intake between wethers and does in each season, except for the ADF and ME intake per metabolic weight ($LW^{0.75}$). The nutrient digestibilities were higher in spring and summer, and decreased significantly during the autumn and winter (p<0.05). Goats, especially wethers, had a relative constant NDF digestibility across seasons, however, the apparent digestibility of CP in both wethers and does, decreased to negative values in winter. The grazing goats experienced relatively sufficient nutrients supply in spring and summer, and a severe deficiency of CP and ME in winter.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2001

Ruminal degradation characteristics of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein (CP) in fresh leaves of two Japanese native grasses (Zoysia japonica and Miscanthus sinensis) and one sown temperate grass (Dactylis glomerata) were investigated by an in sacco method in spring (mid-May), summer (mid-July) and autumn (mid-September). Japanese native grasses had higher NDF and lower CP concentrations than D. glomerata, and the CP concentration in native grasses decreased in autumn. Ruminal degradability of DM, NDF and CP was lower in native grasses than in D. glomerata (p<0.05) in all seasons. DM and NDF degradability decreased in summer for Z. japonica and D. glomerata, while it decreased in autumn for M. sinensis. CP degradability in Z. japonica was constant throughout the seasons, whereas that in M. sinensis greatly decreased in summer and autumn (p<0.05). It was concluded that Z. japonica could stably supply ruminally digestible nutrients for grazing animals in Japanese native pasture. However, the degradation characteristics of freshly chopped native grasses did not fit the exponential model of $D=a+b(1-e^{-ct})$ proposed by Ørskov and McDonald.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.112-118
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• 2015

본 연구는 흑염소 사육을 활성화하고 경영의 효율성을 높일 수 있는 산지초지의 활용성 제고를 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 우리나라 흑염소 방목 이용 농가(20호)에 대한 실태조사를 실시하였다. 야초지로 이루어진 방목지의 경우 계절별 초지 생산성이 여름에 가장 높았으며(p<0.05), 봄철과 가을철에는 급격하게 저하되었다. 반면 목초지로 이루어진 방목지의 초지 생산성은 봄철에 가장 높은 생산성을 나타냈으며 가을철에 생산성이 다소 저하(p<0.05)되긴 하였지만, 대체적으로 계절별 생산성의 차이가 야초지 방목지에 비해 완만하여 비교적 안정적인 생산성을 나타내고 있었다. 계절별 방목지 초지의 사료가치 비교 결과 목초지의 경우 계절에 상관없이 안정적인 건물함량을 나타냈고, 야초지는 봄에서 가을로 갈수록 건물함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 조단백질 함량은 목초지의 경우만 가을철에 증가하였고(p<0.05), 야초지의 경우에는 봄에 비해 여름과 가을에 감소하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 목초지의 경우 야초지에 비해 상대적으로 조지방 함량은 높고 조섬유소 함량은 낮은 경향을 나타냈다. 계절에 따른 농장별 흑염소의 일당증체량은 농장별 초지 생산성 및 초지관리 기술에 따라 다양한 차이가 나타났다. 결과적으로 흑염소 사육의 활성화와 경영의 효율을 높이기 위하여 방목 야초지를 우수한 사료가치를 가지고 있을 뿐 아니라 계절별 생산성의 변화도 적은 방목 목초지로 갱신 및 조성을 해 나가야 할 필요성이 있으며, 산지초지의 효율적 이용을 위해서 초지관리 기술의 메뉴얼화와 보급으로 초지 생산성의 개선을 추구할 수 있는 방안이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.