• 대한지리학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.718-734
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• 2012

이 연구는 지역균열이라는 우리나라의 정치 현실이 국회의원선거구 획정에 개입되었는지를 확인하고, 그에 따른 문제점을 게리맨더링과 투표 등가치성을 중심으로 분석하였다. 제헌의회 이래 국회의원선거구 획정에서 게리맨더링과 투표 등가치성 훼손에 대한 논란은 지속되었고, 더욱이 소선거구 단순다수제 체제로 인해 선거구 획정이 선거 결과와 공정성에 큰 영향을 주고 있다. 특히 제18대와 제19대 총선의 선거구 획정은 부당한 지역균열정치의 간섭이 이루어진 것으로 의심되는데, 지역 그리고 선거구별 인구규모에 비해서 새누리당이 우세한 영남과 민주통합당이 우세한 호남에서 선거구 수는 최대한 확보되었고, 반면 경기도를 비롯한 다른 지역에서는 선거구 증설이 억제되었다. 이처럼 양당이 서로 확실하게 우세한 지역의 기득권을 보장해 주고, 불확실한 지역에서만 제한적으로 경쟁하는 구조의 선거구 획정은 게리맨더링에 담합한 것이라고 할 수 있으며, 결과적으로 투표 등가치성이라는 선거의 평등원칙과 헌법적 가치가 훼손되었다.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.129-158
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• 2011

조직경쟁력의 강화가 한국경제와 사회의 경쟁력 제고를 의미하는 것이라고 할 때, 이는 무엇보다도 조직구성원들의 자발적 참여와 협력을 필요로 한다. 따라서 보다 본질적으로 노동의 인간화를 촉진하기 위한 핵심적 과제로서 참여적 협력적 노사관계가 인식될 필요가 있으며, 이를 위한 잠재적 방안은 교섭창구단일화와 같은 단체교섭의 메커니즘에 대한 이해를 높이고 관리하는 것이다. 본 연구는 이원화되고 복수의 교원노조 체제로 구성된 교직단체에서 보다 합리적인 교섭구조를 마련하기 위한 방안으로서의 교섭창구단일화에 대한 정책적 시사점을 모색하고자 이루어졌다. 연구결과를 보면, 우선 교섭창구단일화에서의 자주성의 보장과 교섭창구단일화에서의 대표성의 인정 및 교섭창구단일화에서의 필요성의 인지는 모두 참여 협력적 노사관계 형성에 통계적으로 매우 유의한 긍정적(+)인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 더불어, 비록 교직단체별 유형에 따라 차이는 있으나 참여 협력적 노사관계 형성에 관련해서 공통적 수준과 의미가 더 많음을 보여주었다. 이와 함께, 교직단체별 유형의 조절효과의 유의성은 없지만 노사관계의 원만한 관계를 유지하기 위해서는 모든 교직단체들에게 대표성의 인정이 중요함을 시사하고 있다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.33-55
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• 2007

Parties to national or international disputes use arbitration because they think it is faster than litigation or affords privacy. But it is very important for the parties that the decision of arbitrators is made impartially and independently. For the parties to accept the outcome of an arbitration, it is essential that the final outcome be the result of an impartial process, especially because arbitration is a form of adjudication, albeit a private one. The success of arbitration resides in the conduct of arbitrators. The more independent and impartial arbitrators are, the more trustworthy arbitration will be. Just as court procedures allow for the recusal of judges under certain circumstances, the arbitral process provides means to remove arbitrators from a tribunal if arbitrator can no longer be considered impartial or independent. This is blown as the disqualification or challenge of arbitrators. An arbitrator can also be challenged when he or she does not fulfill the contactually agreed and stipulated qualifications required by the arbitral agreement. An arbitrator's inability to act impartially could give rise to a challenge to the arbitrator, and even to the award. However, deciding whether an interest or relationship could give rise to an apprehension of bias is a difficult issue for every arbitrator. The standard of arbitrator's impartiality and independence is not commensurable to that of judge, because the parties are permitted considerable autonomy in selecting arbitrators. Particularly it may be expected for the party-appointed arbitrator to act as the advocate of the party in the deliberations of the tribunal. Doubts that could give rise to a challenge to the arbitrator should be justifiable. That is the case if a reasonable, informed third party would conclude that the arbitrator's decision making might be influenced by factors other than evidence presented by the parties. Consequently, for example, the mere fact that an arbitrator was to work in the same firm as one of the parties' counsel, this could not automatically be considered as grounds for challenge for lack of impartiality.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.15-32
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• 2011

The research for exchange relationship in customer's perspective is meaningful especially in service, considering distinctive characteristics of service operations such as customer participation in the process whereas most of the recent related researches have been focused on employee's interaction with organization, leader, team and customer. In this study for beauty art service, the exchange party's characteristic is defined with beauty salon's reputation, staff's professionalism and customer's self-esteem. Also the exchange relation perception is classified into symbolism and interaction, Then the directional relations on customer's perspective are empirically investigated in the sequential order of the exchange party's characteristics, the exchange relation perception, the relationship quality and behavioral intention. In addition, the study examined the meditation effect via relationship quality between the exchange relation perception and the behavioral intention. Followings are confirmed from the statistical test with structural equation modelling：Symbolism is significantly caused by all of professionalism, reputation and self-esteem in the descending order of effect size whereas interaction is significantly influenced by only professionalism. The exchange relation perception has significant effect on the relationship quality, in turn which significantly affects behavioral intention. The exchange relation perception shows the significant indirect effect meditated by relationship quality and the insignificant direct effect on behavioral intention. This paper concludes with contribution of this study, managerial implication of the research findings and further research issues.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.435-453
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• 2017

본 연구는 타인평정 공감 척도를 개발하고 타당화하는 데 목적이 있다. 예비연구를 통해 개발된 15개의 예비 문항은 연구 1의 탐색적 요인분석을 통해, '공감의 시작', '공감의 과정', '공감의 결과'라는 세 개의 하위요인으로 유목화되었다. 연구 2에서는 척도의 타당도를 확인하기 위하여 확인적 요인분석, 상관분석 및 판별분석이 시행되었다. 확인적 요인분석 결과 3요인 모형에 양호한 적합도를 나타내었고, 상관분석을 통해 진정성, 정서 명확성, 친밀감과는 정적 상관이, 불안 및 거부 애착과는 부적 상관이 있음을 확인함으로써 수렴 타당도가 검증되었다. 따라서 개발된 타인평정 공감 척도는 11개의 최종 문항과 세 개의 하위요인으로 구성된 척도로 보는 것이 타당한 것으로 확인되었다. 마지막으로 연구 결과에 근거하여 본 척도가 갖는 의의와 연구의 제한점 및 후속 연구의 방향성에 대해 논의하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.126-133
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• 2015

종래의 판례에 의하면 사해행위인 매매예약을 원인으로 가등기를 마친 수익자가 그 정을 모르는 제3자에게 가등기에 의한 권리를 양도한 후 가등기 이전의 부기등기를 마치게 해 주고, 그 제3자가 그 가등기에 기한 본등기를 마친 경우에 있어서 수익자는 가등기말소등기 청구소송의 상대방이 될 수 없다고 보았다. 그 결과 수익자의 원상회복의무의 면탈 행위를 용이하게 해 줄 수 우려가 항존하고 있었다. 이에 대해 대상판결이 종래의 견해를 변경하여 수익자에게 피고적격을 인정함으로써 수익자를 상대로 사해행위인 매매예약의 취소를 청구할 수 있다고 판시한 것은 매우 바람직한 것으로 생각된다. 또한, 대상판결이 등기 명의인의 동일성이 인정되지 않는 위법한 경정등기가 마쳐졌다 하더라도, 그것이 일단 마쳐져서 경정 후의 명의자의 권리관계를 표상하는 결과에 이르렀고 그 등기가 실체관계에도 부합하는 것이라면 그 등기는 유효하다는 입장에서 경전 전 등기명의인의 권리관계가 소급적으로 소멸하지 않는 것으로 보아 이 사건 매매예약에 관한 사해행위 취소권자인 원고에 대하여 여전히 수익자의 지위에 있어 이들에게 사해행위 취소소송의 피고 적격이 있다고 판시한 것 역시 의미가 있는 것이라 생각된다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.45-65
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• 2009

China and Taiwan had opened complete Three Linkages era December 2008, in the 59 years. The improvement of two countries' relationship is expecting to spur two countries more on the economy exchange. However the increasement of investment and trade between two countries will increase disputes to ratio. In order to settle the disputes related to economy between two countries, the most favorite way is to use arbitral system which involve less public power. After China and Taiwan recognized this point, they announced provisions which allow to solve controversies through the arbitration between parties of two countries since 1980, and prepared legal basis for dispute settlement between two countries. However, because China and Taiwan do not authorize each party as a country, the execution application made by each party based on New York Convention related to foreign arbitral awards cannot be approved. Because of these kind of reasons China and Taiwan should agree in order to guarantee mutual execution of arbitral awards which is an ultimate purpose of arbitration. However because of the political situation of two countries there are provisions related to execution for arbitral awards decided by each party. In this paper, I separated the provision related to mutual execution for arbitral awards of each party of China and Taiwan, examined exposed problems, and suggested ways to improve. It can support some of assistance and implication to establish basis of arbitral system between South Korea and North Korea and to suggest direction to derive through this kind of study.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제41권
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• pp.237-266
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• 2009

KORUS-FTA are consist of articles 8. In order to the subjects are, application of a safeguard measures, conditions and limitations, provisional measures, compensation, global safeguard actions, definitions, antidumping and countervailing duties, committee on trade remedies. In especially, regarding application of a safeguard measures under KORUS-FTA, if as a result of the reduction or elimination of a customs duty under this agreement, an originating good of the other party is being imported into the territory of a party in such increased quantities, in absolute terms or relative to domestic production, and under such conditions that the imports of such originating good from the other party constitute a substantial cause of serious injury, or threat thereof, to a domestic industry producing a like or directly competitive good, the party may: suspend the further reduction of any rate of customs duty on the good provided for under this agreement; increase the rate of customs duty on the good to a level not to exceed the lesser of: the most-favored-nation (MFN) applied rate of duty on the good in effect at the time the action is taken; and the MFN applied rate of duty on the good in effect on the day immediately preceding the date this Agreement enters into force; or in the case of a customs duty applied to a good on a seasonal basis, increase the rate of duty to a level that, for each season, does not exceed the lesser of: the MFN applied rate of duty on the good in effect for the corresponding season immediately preceding the date of application of the safeguard measure; and the MFN applied rate of duty on the good in effect for the corresponding season immediately preceding the date this agreement enters into force.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.1733-1743
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• 2009

The LOHAS trend is based on a present and future culture with a sustainable influence on the life of modem humans. This study examines the LOHAS trend to create a design that is practical and reflects a notion of LOHAS in quality. Design making is selected with three sub-themes under the concept 'With Us, Nature & High Touch' and the dress design that is suitable to the type and purpose of the parties following the concept. Theme A, "Neo-Classicism" is for a reception party. It made efficient use of 'Type of environmentally friendly material practical use + Type of multi-function design + Type of order production + Type of society morals design'. Theme B, "Between Virtual & Reality" is for a wedding reception. It made efficient use of 'Type of environmentally friendly material practical use + Type of multifunction design + Type of retrenchment design + Type of order production + Type of society morals design'. Theme C, "Arty Illusion" is for a cocktail party. It made efficient use of 'Type of Re-design + Type of nature motive practical use + Type of the higher sensitivity pursuit design + Type of order production + Type of society morals design'. This study explained that nature, environment, and a sense about society are put to practical use in fashion design through the creation of a fashion design to apply a LOHAS fashion design notion and a special quality.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.51-88
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• 2006

The obligation on a national court to recognize and enforce arbitral awards as provided in Article III New York Convention, which both Korea and China have ratified, is subject to limited exceptions. Recognition and enforcement will be refused only if the party against whom enforcement is sought can show that one of the exclusive grounds for refusal enumerated in Article V(1) New York Convention has occurred. The court may also refuse enforcement ex officio if the award violates that state's public policy. This article explores the circumstances where arbitral awards may be refused enforcement under the Korean and Chinese arbitration laws. It first analyzes the relevant statutory provisions. In Korea and China, which have adopted the UNCITRAL Model law, the grounds of challenge are exhaustively defined within their respective arbitration laws. According to their arbitration laws, an arbitral award may be set aside if a party making the application proves that (i) a party to the arbitration agreement was under some incapacity or the agreement is not valid under the applicable law, (ii) the party making the application was not given proper notice of the appointment of an arbitrator or of the arbitral proceedings or was otherwise unable to present his case, (iii) the award deals with a dispute not contemplated by or not falling within the terms of the submission to arbitration or contains decisions on matters beyond the scope of the submission to arbitration, or (iv) the composition of the arbitral tribunal or the arbitral procedure was not in accordance with the agreement of the parties. An arbitral award may also be set aside ex officio by the court if the court finds that (i) the subject-matter of the dispute is not capable of settlement by arbitration under the applicable law or (ii) the award is in conflict with the public policy. This article then reviews relevant judicial decisions rendered in Korea and China to see how the courts in these countries have been interpreting the provisions specifying the grounds for challenging arbitral awards. It concludes that the courts in Korea and China rarely accept challenges to arbitral awards, thereby respecting the mandate of the New York Convention.