• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.283-288
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• 2001

We have investigated aluminum cluster deposition using a classical molecular dynamics simulations. We studied the variations of the cluster momentum and the impulse force during collisions, and found that the close-packed cluster impact has some of properties of the single particle collision and the linear atomic chain collisions. We also simulated the series of energetic cluster deposition with energy Per atom. When energy Per atom in cluster has some eV rather than very low, the intermixing occurred easily in growth film and we can obtain a good film without subsequent annealing process.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.89-99
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• 2003

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics, SPH, is a gridless Lagrangian technique which is a useful alternative numerical analysis method to simulate high velocity deformation problems as well as astrophysical and cosmological problems. The SPH method brings about some difficulties such as tensile Instability and stress oscillation. A new SPH method, so called normalized algorithm, was introduced to overcome these difficulties. In this paper we aimed to estimate this method and have developed an one-dimensional normalized SPH program. The high velocity impact model of an aluminum bar has been analysed by using the developed program and a commercial hydrocode, LS-DYNA. The obtained numerical results showed good agreement with the results of the same model in reference. The program also showed more stable results than those of LS-DYNA in stress oscillation. We hopefully expect that the developed one-dimensional normalized SPH program can be used to solve hydrodynamic problems especially for explosive detonation analysis.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.77.2-77.2
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• 2013

xIn the present work, we explored the effect of the radiation on the effective impact parameter for capture in a fully general relativistic manner. To summarize our results, evidently due to the radiation drag (the Poynting-Robertson effect), critical impact parameter of point particle gets larger by the factor of two, thus, the effective cross section of the luminous relativistic star becomes 4 times larger than that of the star without radiation emission. In addition, the finite size effect of the star adds up to this growth of the effective cross section.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.460-467
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• 2012

When recycled aggregate with old mortar and particles is used in concrete mixing, such aggregates can affect hydration reaction by promoting or inhibiting it. In this study, the possibility of hydration reaction on old mortar and particle was analyzed. Hydration reaction was carried out in old mortar that is finely crushed by an impact machine in the production of recycled aggregates, and it was found that this did have an impact on the strength development of concrete. Unlike in old cement, the hydration reaction did not progress in the particles, and it had high amounts of silica powder and calcium carbonate. In conclusion, the old mortar can have the influence of improving compressive strength, but the particles can delay the setting time of recycled aggregate concrete.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.9
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• pp.3415-3421
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• 2022

This paper is aimed to find out the impact of the geometrical parameters, mainly the radius and the height of a cylinder, on the SGEMP response including the famous scaling law in the classical cylinder model using a homemade PIC code UNIPIC-3D. We computed the electric fields at the center and at the edge on the emission head face with different radii and heights under normal X-rays incidence. The results show that the electric field will increase with the radius but decrease with the height. We analyze the scaling law that links the electric field product and fluence product, and whereafter an irreconcilable contradiction raises when the radius is changeable, which limits the application range of the scaling law. Moreover, the field-height-radius relation is found and described by a combination of logarithmic and minus one-quarter numerical fitting law firstly. Particle and magnetic field distributions are used to explain all the behaviors of the fields reasonably. All the findings will assist the evaluation of SGEMP response in spacecraft protection.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1256-1266
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• 2009

Effects of particle size and physical effective fibre (peNDF) of rice straw in diets on chewing activities, feed intake, flow, site and extent of digestion and rumen fermentation in goats were investigated. A 4${\times}$4 Latin square design was employed using 4 mature Liuyang black goats fitted with permanent ruminal, duodenal, and terminal ileal fistulae. During each of the 4 periods, goats were offered 1 of 4 diets that were similar in nutritional content but varied in particle sizes and peNDF through alteration of the theoretical cut length of rice straw (10, 20, 40, and 80 mm, respectively). Dietary peNDF contents were determined using a sieve for particle separation above 8 mm, and were 17.4, 20.9, 22.5 and 25.4%, respectively. Results showed that increasing the particle size and peNDF significantly (p<0.05) increased the time spent on rumination and chewing activities, duodenal starch digestibility and ruminal pH, and decreased ruminal starch digestibility and $NH_{3}$-N concentration. Intake and total tract digestibility of nutrients (i.e. dry matter, organic matter, and starch) and ruminal fermentation were not affected by the dietary particle size and peNDF. Increased particle size and peNDF did not affect ruminal fibre digestibility, but had a great impact on the intestinal and total tract fibre digestibility. The study suggested that rice straw particle size or dietary peNDF was the important influential factor for chewing activity, intestinal fibre and starch digestibility, and ruminal pH, but had minimal impact on feed intake, duodenal and ileal flow, ruminal and total tract digestibility, and ruminal fermentation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.71-74
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• 2004

Recently, with the wide shortage of natural sand resources, it has been increasingly used the crushed sand. rushed sand is made by the process of crushing the rocks artificially, which has different particle properties compared with that of natural sand. Because such different panicle properties of crushed sand results in an undesirable effects of concrete. improvement technology for crushed sand particle properties like grain shape and fine particle needed during the manufacturing process. In this paper, improvement technology of grain shape and fine particle is reported. According to test results, adequate investment for manufacturing facilities like impact crusher and abrasion test machine is required to meet the advanced grain shape and grading of crushed sand. Based on the investigation of test result, mixing of natural land and crushed sand with given proportion can achieve the improvement of grain shape. For improving excessive fine panicle contents. current manufacturing system also can enhance the existing technology for fine particle without additional investment. It can be concluded that adequate investment and research can improve the quality of crushed sand.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.632-638
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• 2005

Membrane fouling index such as Silt Density Index (SDI) and Modified Fouling Index (MFI) is an important parameter in design of the integrated RO/NF membrane processes for drinking water treatment. In this study, the effect of particle, membrane and feed water characteristics on membrane fouling index were investigated systematically. Higher fouling index values were observed when filtering suspensions with smaller particle size and higher feed particle concentration. Larger membrane resistance due to smaller pore size resulted in an increased membrane fouling index. The variations of feed water hardness and TDS concentrations did not show any impact on fouling index, suggesting that there were no significant colloidal interactions among particles and thus the porosity of particle cake layer accumulated on the membrane surface could be assumed to be 0.36 according to random packing density. Based on the experimental observations, fundamental membrane fouling index model was developed using Happel Cell. The effect of primary model parameters including particle size ($a_p$), particle concentration ($C_o$), membrane resistance ($R_m$), were accurately assessed without any fitting parameters, and the prediction of membrane fouling index such as MFI exhibited very good agreement with the experimental results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.57-60
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• 2006

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.25-35
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• 1999

Fly ash, by-product from coal fired power station, has long been regarded as a potential contamination source for heavy metals and inorganics due to their enriched concentrations and associations with particle surface. Feed coal and fly ash samples were collected from two power stations; Yongdong deliang with domestic anthracite coals and Boryong with imported bituminous coals. The coal and fly ash samples were analyzed for chemical composition and mineral components, using XRF and XRD. Batch leaching experiments were conducted by agitating samples with deionised water for 24 hours. Anthracite coals are generally higher in Al and Si contents than bituminous coals. This is due to the higher ash contents of the anthracite coal than bituminous coal. The chemistry of the two fly ash samples shows broadly similar compositions each other, except for the characteristically high contents of Cr in anthracite coal fly ash. Leaching experiments revealed that concentrations of metals gradually decreased with leachings in general. However, measurable amounts of metals were present in the effluent from weathered ash and the samples subjected to the leaching procedure. These metals are likely to indicate that the metals in fly ash were incorporated into glass fraction as well as associated with particle surface of samples. Dissolution of aluminosilicate glass would control releasing heavy metals from fly ash as weathering progresses during landfill with implication of possible groundwater contamination through fly ash landfill.