• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.280-288
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the operational characteristics of the contract-managed highschool foodservice and to analyze the factors to effect the menu price. The data was collected from 249 highschools in Seoul. The results are as follows; Those surveyed highschools were established as 1 national, 74 public, and 174 private institution. Highschools were classified as 176 academic, 66 vocational, and 7 specific purposed institution. Students were organized as 70 boys', 23 girls', and 41 coeducational highschools. Most highschool started contract-managed highschool foodservice from 1999 and the period of foodservice contract was most 3 years and the operation styles in food distribution were 96 classrooms, 105 dining halls and 17 classrooms combined dining halls. The scale of contract foodservice management companies was 63.1% small and medium and 36.9% large enterprises. The surveyed highschools had the average meal price 2,141 won per meal and they had 1,518 pupils on the register. The participating rate to the foodservice was 68.5%. The facilities investment cost of the contract foodservice management company was 179,204,230 won for private institutions and was 138,119,010 won for national&public institutions. The period of the contract was 3.22 years in private institutions, which was significantly higher than national&public institutions which showed 2.85 years. The commissary foodservice schools had higher facilities investment cost than conventional foodservice schools. Classrooms foodservice had higher participating foodservice rate than Dining halls. The investment cost for facilities showed high in order of girls', boys', and coeducational high schools, and the number on the register and the number participating in the foodservice showed high in order of boys', girls', and coeducational high schools. The number on the register showed the highest in academic and vocational schools, specific purposed institutions in sequence, and the number participating in the foodservice showed high in order of academic schools, specific purposed institutions and vocational. However, the participating foodservice rate showed high in specific purposed institution, academic and vocational schools in order, and the meal price, the investment cost for facilities showed high in specific purposed institution, academic and vocational schools in sequence. Regionally, the district south of Han river had the average meal price 2,266.13 won, which showed higher in the eastern part which had 2,033.33 won. The western part had the average investment cost for facilities of 233,331,060 won, and the central district 126,137,140 won. The number on the register showed 1845.68 in the eastern part and 1308.00 in Dong-Jak area, that had clear differences among areas. When the period of the contract went longer, the investment cost for facilities had a tendency to increase. The significant differences were existed among meal price, the investment cost for facilities, the number on the register, the number participating in the foodservice, and the participating foodservice rate. The investment cost for facilities had increased according to the number participating in the foodservice and the participating foodservice rate. And the large enterprises showed higher participating foodservice rate than the small and medium enterprises.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.1355-1376
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• 2019

We investigate the valuation of participating life insurance policies with default risk under a geometric regime-switching jump-diffusion process. We derive explicit formula for the Laplace transform of the price of participating contracts by solving integro-differential system and then price them by inverting Laplace transforms.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제52권10호
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• pp.616-623
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• 2003

Competition among electric generation companies is a major goal of restructuring in the electricity industry, The trading system in an electricity market has been one of the most important issues in deregulated electricity market. This paper deals with comparisons of the major two types of the trading system: compulsory pool market and bilateral contract market. The two trading systems are compared quantitatively from the viewpoint of consumer's surplus and social welfare, This paper, also, proposes a unified model of Cournot and Bertrand for analyzing the mixed trading system of pool market and bilateral contract market. Nash equilibrium of the unified model is derived by criteria for participating in bilateral contract market. Numerical results from a sample case show that a mixed trading system of pool market and price-competitive bilateral market is beneficial to consumer from the view points of consumer's surplus.

• 농촌계획
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2021

This study analyzed the effect of the farm's sense of community on participation satisfaction by participating in the contract cultivation of onions. To this end, we investigated the participation satisfaction with the sense of community's emotional connection, fulfillment of need, membership, and influence. According to the analysis of the sense of community of onion farmers, the definition of need, membership, and influenced participation satisfaction and were statistically significant. It was also shown to affect sense of community in the order of membership, Influence, fulfillment of need, and emotional connection. Therefore, it is necessary to form a continuous relationship with the leader and Nonghyup, to lead to improved farm income, induce pride as a member of participating farmers, and form a positive perception among onion farmers.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.522-538
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• 2015

본 연구는 대규모 유가공업체 매일유업과 전라북도 고창군 낙농가 간 유기농 원유 계약생산을 대상으로, 계약생산이 고창군에서 시작된 배경을 고찰하고, 계약생산의 실제와 계약주체 간 관계를 중심으로 계약생산의 특징을 규명하고, 이로 인해 나타나는 지역 낙농업의 변화를 설명하였다. 사례지역의 유기농 원유 계약생산은 시장개방으로 위기에 처한 기업의 제품 다각화 전략과 고창군의 청정 환경, 그리고 지방정부와 낙농가의 긍정적 태도가 맞물리면서 성립되었다. 고창군의 유기농 원유 계약생산은, 한편으로는 참여 농가의 생산규모를 선택적으로 증가시킴에 따라 역내 낙농가 간 생산규모의 격차를 유발하고 있으나, 다른 한편으로는 계약농가의 유기농가로의 전환을 통해 역내 유기농업의 확산을 가져옴에 따라 관행농업 중심의 계약생산에 대한 일반의 우려를 불식시키고 있다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the immediate effects of using the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) contract-relax technique in the close kinetic chain position on the gait ability and gastrocnemius muscle tone of stroke patients. Methods: The subjects were patients who had strokes due to cerebrum infarction and hemorrhage. The subjects participated in exercise with the PNF contract-relax technique in the standing-on-elbow position with a high table, and the affected lower leg was placed in the posterior position. The PNF contract-relax technique was applied at the position in which the ankle plantar-flexors were in a sufficiently elongated position. After performing twice in each range, while the muscle was elongated, the affected side was moved further back and a new range was set. In each session, the time of contraction was set to 8 seconds, and the resting time was set to 5 seconds; however, if the patient felt tired, they received more resting time during the intervention. The Myoton Pro and 10 m walking test were used to measure the muscle tone and gait ability both pre- and post-intervention. Results: After participating in the program, the muscle tone decreased and the gait ability improved in the ankle plantar-flexors, as determined by the Myoton Pro and 10 m walking test. Conclusion: The PNF contract-relax technique can help to decrease muscle tone in ankle plantar-flexors with hypertonus and increase the gait ability in stroke patients.

• 소프트웨어공학소사이어티 논문지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

블록체인 생태계에는 다양한 이해관계자들이 존재한다. 이더리움이 등장한 이후 스마트 컨트랙트를 활용한 거래가 많이 이루어지게 되었고 개발자뿐만 아니라 투자자, 은행, 기업, 일반 사용자 등등 더욱 폭넓은 이해관계자들이 참여하고 활동하고 있다. 하지만 다양한 이해관계자가 스마트 컨트랙트의 상태를 확인하기 위해서는 어렵고 복잡한 과정을 거쳐야 한다는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 상태 확인이 어렵게 된다면 스마트 컨트랙트에 대한 신뢰도가 낮아지게 되어 활용도가 낮아질 것이다. 개발자에게 있어서도 상태 확인이 어렵고 복잡하다면 자신이 개발한 스마트 컨트랙트의 테스팅과 디버깅을 하는데 어려움을 겪어 높은 품질을 제공하기 힘들 것이다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 이해관계자와 개발자들이 스마트 컨트랙트의 상태를 쉽고 지속적으로 확인할 수 있으며 히스토리 데이터를 활용하여 분석할 수 있도록하는 이더리움 스마트 컨트랙트 상태 모니터링 시스템의 설계 및 구현 방법을 제안한다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.74-78
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• 2019

As software becomes larger and network technology develops, the management of distributed data becomes more popular. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to use blockchain technology that can guarantee the integrity of data in various fields by utilizing existing infrastructure. Blockchain is a distributed computing technology that ensures that servers participating in a network maintain and manage data according to specific agreement algorithms and rules to ensure integrity. As smart contracts are applied, not only passwords but also various services to be applied to the code. In order to reinforce existing research on smart contract applied to the blockchain, we proposed a dynamic conditional rule of smart contract that can formalize rules of smart contract by introducing ontology and SWRL and manage rules dynamically in various situations. In the previous research, there is a module that receives the upper rule in the blockchain network, and the rule layer is formed according to this module. However, for every transaction request, it is a lot of resources to check the top rule in a blockchain network, or to provide it to every blockchain network by a reputable organization every time the rule is updated. To solve this problem, we propose to separate the module responsible for the upper rule into an independent server. Since the module responsible for the above rules is separated into servers, the rules underlying the service may be transformed or attacked in the middleware. Therefore, the security mechanism using TLS and PKI is added as an agent in consideration of the security factor. In this way, the benefits of computing resource management and security can be achieved at the same time.

• 법제연구
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• 제55호
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• pp.57-94
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• 2018

한국 사회의 내적 신뢰위기, 특히 한반도정책에 있어 남한의 정치권과 시민사회단체 그리고 국민 사이에 존재하는 남남갈등은 지속적이고 일관성 있는 한반도 평화통일정책의 추진력을 크게 약화시켜 왔다. 한반도의 새롭고 대담한 평화를 위한 남북관계의 대전환기에 지속가능한 평화통일정책의 추진기반으로서 국민적 합의는 매우 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 이러한 배경에서 우리 국민 모두의 안위와 미래에 직결되는 한반도의 평화와 통일문제에 대한 일종의 사회적 협의체제로서 통일국민협약이 요구되어 왔다. 평화통일국민협약은 모호하고 추상적인 평화와 통일을 위한 사회적 공감대의 형성을 넘어 구체화된 한반도정책의 원칙과 방향 그리고 실천적 과제에 대하여 각 참여주체가 합의하고 합의된 협약에 대하여 준(準) 입법적 구속력을 부여한다는 점에서 세계적으로 유래가 없는 비공식적 법규범을 만들어가는 과정이다. 평화통일국민협약은 개념적 측면에서 과정과 결과 모두를 포함하는 '국민의 합의'로서 한반도평화번영과 통일의 '합의된 방향과 원칙'을 담고 있는 협약이며, '목표달성의 장기성과 참여주체의 개방성'을 특징으로 한다. 법적인 측면에서는 비공식적 법규범으로서 종전선언 전후에 추진되어야 할 관련 국내법제의 종합적 정비와 국제법적 합의의 정당성 근거를 제공하여야 한다. 또한 '국민의 법'으로서 평화통일국민협약의 법적 성격은 '정치적 강령'이나 사회적 합의의 차원을 넘어 합의의 내용이 관련 법제의 제정이나 개정의 법원(source of law)으로서 의미를 갖으며 조직화된 시민사회의 평가를 통해 협약으로부터의 이탈이 억제되고 구속력이 담보되어야 한다. 동시에 국민협약은 그 자체는 법규범이 아니지만 국민협약의 이행을 구체적으로 실행하기 위한 독립적 행정조직에 의하여 이행되는 연성법(soft law) 규범으로서 역할을 하여야 한다. 평화통일국민협약의 성립과 이행의 실효성을 담보하기 위해서 협약에 참여하는 국민적 대표의 범위결정과 협약추진 절차 그리고 협약의 추진과 협약체결 이후 이행을 위한 기구의 설립과 조직구성이 요구된다. 이를 위해서 정부의 독립행정위원회 조직으로 '(가칭)평화통일협약국민회의'의 설치와 '(가칭)평화통일협약국민회의법'을 통한 평화통일국민협약 추진법제의 입법이 요구된다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.13-21
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• 1999

Active movement is able to actively contract his muscles and move a segment either with or without assistance. This movement maintain physiologic elasticity and contractility of the participating muscles, provide sensory feedback from the contracting muscles and stimulus for bone integrity as well as increase circulation and prevent thrombus formation, in addition to develop coordination and moor skills for functional activities. Passive movement is the motion to the external force; gravity, machine, another individuals. Active movement is more activated rather than passived on the central nervous system. Therefore, we think that active movement is more effected facilitating through specific inhibitory mobilization of muscle.