• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.241-251
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate marital satisfaction, parenting attitude and the practice of Taegyo and to examine the relationship between marital satisfaction, parenting attitude and the practice of Taegyo for pregnant women. The sample included 234 pregnant women who participated in Pregnant Education Programs in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. We analyzed the data which were collected by means of a questionnaire from June to September, 2012 and the data was analyzed with the t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and Regression analysis by SPSS 19.0. The results were summarized as follows: First, the level of marital satisfaction and practice of Taegyo was relatively high. On the other hand the level of emotional value of parenting attitude was higher than that of instrumental value. Second, the group of higher marital satisfaction revealed a higher practice of Taegyo and also in the group of higher emotional and instrumental value of parenting attitude, the practice of Taegyo was high. Third, there was a positive relationship between marital satisfaction(respect, care, parent role, and housework role), parenting attitude(emotional value, instrumental value) and the practice of Taegyo such as food Taegyo, place Taegyo, language Taegyo, emotional Taegyo and behavior Taegyo. The significant factors influencing the practice of Taegyo was connected with parent role, housework role of marital satisfaction, and instrumental value of parenting attitude.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.23-40
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• 2008

This study investigated the beliefs in Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) of 447 mothers of 4- and 5- year-old children by mother's childhood experience, parenting efficacy, and parenting behavior. Results showed that mother's beliefs in DAP were related to children's age, early childhood educational institution, monthly household income, mother's educational background, mother's childhood experience, parenting efficacy, and parenting behavior. Mothers with higher beliefs in DAP were mothers of kindergarten rather than mothers of daycare children; they had 4 years or more college education, and more than $3000 monthly household income.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the nutrition quotient (NQ) by mother's parenting style which may influence the NQ in preschool children. Methods: Subjects were 310 mothers and their 4-6 year old children. The questionnaire composed of demographic characteristics, mother's parenting style at meal time and eating behavior as measured by NQ questions. The NQ questions consisted of 19 food behavior checklist items and all items were grouped into 5 factors: balance, diversity, moderation, regularity, and practice. Mother's parenting style was classified by using words for nutrition education at meal time. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS program (Ver. 23) and the statistical differences in variables were evaluated by Student's t-test, ${\chi}^2$-test, One-way ANOVA. Results: We observed that in children whose mothers use the parenting style at meal time of 'explanation' and 'compliment & cheer up' had high dietary regularity, diversity, practice. The children of mothers who use the parenting style at meal time of 'persuasion' and 'reward' were found to have a lower degree of balance, diversity, and practice. Especially, children of 'reward' style mothers had lower moderation of dietary life. On the other hand, among the parenting style at meal time of 'comparison & demand', 'treating' and 'faire', there was no significant difference in the NQ factor by each group. NQ grade was higher among those who used more explanation (p < 0.001) and persuasion (p < 0.01) and with use of less persuasion (p < 0.01) and reward (p < 0.01). The positive association observed between the frequency of dietary education of mothers and higher NQ grade indicated the degree of dietary practices of those children. On the other hand, the children of mothers who rarely practice the dietary education at home had lower NQ grade (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In order to promote children's proper dietary behaviors, it is important to provide nutrition education to children as well as provide guidance on parenting style at meal time.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.169-182
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• 2005

Influence of parenting, peer relationship, and teacher's support on the development of children's self-concept was assessed in Korean and Korean-Chinese elementary school students. Subjects were 280 Korean children in Korea and 210 Korean-Chinese children in Shenyang, China. The Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents(Harter, 1988), Parenting Practice(Cho et al., 2001), and 4 items from Social Support(Koo, 2000) were used to measure self-concept, parenting, and peer relationships, respectively. Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation, factor analysis, and multiple regression. Results revealed differential influences between the two cultures : Korean children's self-concepts were significantly influenced by his/her peer relationships and teacher's support while Korean-Chinese children's self-concepts were influenced by teacher's support and parenting.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.377-387
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• 2008

The study is to research their parenting efficacy and parenting practices of a parent teacher as a volunteer(PTV) in the kindergarten. The subjects were mothers (N=127) in Choongbuk Province who had had volunteer education as a teacher assistant. The data were collected by their completing a questionnaire about Parenting efficacy and a Parent As A Teacher inventory (PAAT). The results include as follows: firstly, in PTV's parenting efficacy, 'the type of educational institution children are attending' is an important variable. Secondly, 'mother's educational background', 'father's educational background', and 'the type of educational institution children attending' are important variables in volunteer parents' parenting practices. Besides, 'mother's educational background' and 'participation motivation in volunteer activity' are important variables in parenting practices of 'control/permission' and of 'teaching/learning', and in general parenting practices. Finally, 'parenting efficacy', 'mother's educational background', and 'the sex of children' are important variables in volunteer teachers' parenting practices.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.252-260
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to investigate effect of Meridian massage on the infant' growth and parenting stress, parenting self-efficacy in their mothers. Method: The participants were 65 mothers of infants who visited one public health center in Yangju city. Data were collected from February, 2007 to December, 2007. Infant in the experimental group were given Meridian massage for 50min(lecture 20min, practice 15min, preparation and arrangement 15min) once a week for 6 weeks. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program. Result: Regarding growth, infants in the experimental group increase in height compared to those in the control group. There was no difference in infants weight between the two groups. Parenting Stress of mothers were significantly lower for experimental group compare to control group. Parenting Self-efficacy of mothers were significantly higher for experimental group compare to control group. Conclusion: The above findings suggest that maternally administered Meridian massage should be applied clinical practice to improve growth of infants, emotional condition of mothers and interaction of infants and their mothers.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.47-68
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• 2021

Objective: This study investigated direct and indirect influences of fathers' parenting involvement on maternal parenting competence by exploring pathways between fathers' parenting involvement, maternal inner strength, and maternal parenting competence. Methods: A total of 329 mothers with 3-year-old children responded to online survey questionnaires, which included questions about fathers' parenting involvement, maternal inner strength, and maternal parenting competence. The data was analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficients and Structural Equation Modeling. Results: It was observed that maternal inner strength perfectly mediated the association between father's parenting involvement and maternal parenting competence. More concretely, a direct effect of fathers' parenting involvement on maternal parenting competence was not found. It was also found that fathers' parenting involvement effects maternal parenting competence indirectly. The effect of fathers' parenting involvement on maternal inner strength was the greatest among all associations between fathers' parenting involvement, maternal inner strength, and maternal parenting competence. Conclusion/Implications: These findings have insights for research and practice, which emphasize the important considerations that enhancing maternal inner strength and the power of fathers' parenting involvement on maternal inner strength should be emphasized in order to improve maternal parenting competence.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Excessive sugar intake is one of the causes associated with obesity and several chronic diseases prevalent in the modern society. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of parenting variables based on the theory of planned behavior, on the sweetness preferences and sweets intake of children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Parents and their children (n = 103, aged 5-7 years) were enrolled to participate in a survey for this study, after providing the required informed consent. Parents were asked to fill out a self-administered questionnaire at their residence. The sweetness preference test for children was conducted at a kindergarten (or daycare center) by applying the one-on-one interview method. RESULTS: The children were divided into two clusters categorized by the K-mean cluster analysis: Cluster 1 had higher sweetness preference (0.42 M sugar, 35%; 0.61 M sugar, 65%); Cluster 2 exhibited lower sweetness preference (0.14 M sugar, 9.5%; 0.20 M sugar, 9.5%; 0.29 M sugar, 81%). Cluster 1 had a higher frequency of sweets intake (P < 0.01), and lower sweets restriction (P < 0.05) and nutrition quotient score (P < 0.05). Sweets intake was negatively correlated with the nutritional quotient (r = -0.204, P < 0.05). The behavioral intention of parents was higher in cluster 2 (P < 0.05), while affective attitude, feeding practice, and reward were higher in cluster 1 (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, and P < 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, behavioral intention of parents showed a negative correlation with affective attitude (r = -0.282, P < 0.01) and feeding practice (r = -0.380, P < 0.01), and a positive correlation with subjective norm (r = 0.203, P < 0.05) and parenting attitude (r = 0.433, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the sweetness preferences and sweets intake of children is related to the parent's affective attitude, feeding practice and reward. We suggest that to reduce the sugar consumption of children, guidelines for access to sweets and pertinent parenting practices are required.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.179-198
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of parental resources and parenting stress on parenting efficacy in low-income families Furthermore, in order to verify whether parental resources function as a resilience factor, a structural model was established to assess the suitability and influence of the variables. A total of 603 parents of children and adolescents between the ages of 9-18 were selected from the data from Children and Adolescents Comprehensive Status Research (2009) by the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs. For the analyses, SPSS WIN 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 were utilized. The major results were as follows: First, the suitability of the model was confirmed with variables presenting a satisfying fit. Second, parental resources had a negative effect on parenting stress and a positive effect on parenting efficacy. Third, parenting stress had a negative effect on parenting efficacy. Finally, a test of the structural equation model supports the hypothesis that parental resources have a significant direct effect as well as an indirect effect through parenting stress on parenting efficacy. The implications for further studies and practice were discussed.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2013

The significance of father's parenting has been considered as a critical factor in facilitating growth and development and in promoting wellbeing of children. Pediatric nursing is a pertinent science to develop parenting roles, because it deals with knowledge and skills on growth and development and health of child. For this paper current studies were reviewed related to consequences to the family, content and factors influencing paternal parenting, and father's reactions to child rearing participation. Perspectives of future studies in pediatric nursing are summarized as follows. First, paternal parenting has to be studied more actively to contribute to family health and to meet the academic responsibility of pediatric nursing. Second, it is necessary to study the consequences to child's health and health behavior of paternal parenting. Also it is necessary to be concerned about fathers' reactions, like stress in parenting behavior, to understand the parenting father himself. Third, an objective measure of caregiving behavior (not self-reporting) is needed to determine whether the father is behaving appropriately. Further, experimental research has to be implemented to develop intervention programs for paternal parenting. It is hoped that the examination of these studies leads to develop of knowledge and practice in paternal parenting.