• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2016

This study attempted to assess the durability of the trend in increasing childcare time and to get some clues based on research findings to make efficient policy interventions in case there is a need to continue or reverse course for such trend. In doing so, a total of 9,668 diaries from the 2004, 2009, and 2014 Korean Time Use Survey were analyzed targeting parents with a preschooler as their eldest child. Parental time was regressed on parents' weekly work hours, mother's relative income, parents' education and gender role attitudes. Furthermore, increase in parental childcare time was decomposed into parts that were attributable to differences in the means and slopes of associated factors. Analytic results revealed that; parents' weekly work hours were associated with time spent on childcare from 2004 to 2014; the negative relationship between mother's relative earnings and her childcare time in 2004 and 2009 was reversed to a positive one in 2014; parent's education had stronger positive effects on father's than on mother's childcare time; parents' gender role attitudes had a weak association with childcare time; social and cultural changes such as decrease in work hours, higher education, more egalitarian gender role attitudes, and rise in women's wages contributed to the increase in parental childcare time, but in a different way for mothers and fathers. By taking into account the social and cultural context behind the changes, this study is able to provide a more constructive implications for childcare policy in Korea.

• 한국인구학
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.45-64
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• 2011

자녀를 기르는 일은 돈, 시간, 에너지를 필요로 한다. 최근 자녀양육에 투입되는 시간의 중요성에 대해 많이 논의되고 있다. 이 논문은 1999년과 2009년 생활시간조사자료를 이용하여 자녀돌보기에 투입한 시간의 변화 추이와 교육수준에 따른 차이를 살펴보았다. 서구의 결과들과 마찬가지로 부모가 자녀양육에 투입하는 시간은 증가하였다. 과거에 비해 남성과 여성의 자녀양육 시간이 수렴하는 경향성을 보이는 서구와는 달리, 여성이 자녀양육에 투입하는 시간의 증가폭이 남성에 비해 커서 성별 격차가 심해지는 경향을 보이는 것이 주목할 만하다. 서구의 결과와 마찬가지로 부모의 교육수준이 높아질수록 자녀양육시간이 길어진다. 특히 미취학 아동의 경우는 신체적 돌보기와 놀아주기 시간이 교육수준에 따라 유의미한 차이를 보이고 취학 아동의 경우는 공부 봐주기 시간이 부모의 교육수준에 따라 차이가 있다. 1999년과 비교할 때 2009년에는 돌봄 노동시간, 이동시간, 개인유지 시간은 늘어난 반면 경제활동과 여가 시간은 감소한 경향을 보였다. 가사노동 시간은 아버지의 경우는 미미하게 늘어났으나 어머니의 경우는 감소하였다. 부모의 교육수준에 따라 자녀에게 투입하는 시간의 차이가 어떤 결과를 가져올 수 있을지 지속적인 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.348-356
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• 2023

Objectives: We investigated trends in the incidence rate of macrosomia and its association with parental nationalities using Vital Statistics data in Japan. Methods: We used singleton birth data every 5 years from 1995 to 2020. The incidence rate of macrosomia was calculated according to specific attributes (maternal age, infant's sex, parental nationalities, parity, and household occupation) over time (years). In addition, a log-binomial model was used to investigate the relationship between the incidence of macrosomia and the attributes. This study compared Korea, China, the Philippines, Brazil, and other countries with Japan in terms of parental nationalities. "Other countries" indicates countries except for Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, and Brazil. Results: The study included 6 180 787 births. The rate of macrosomia in Japan decreased from 1.43% in 1995 to 0.88% in 2020, and the decrease was observed across all parental nationalities. The rates for Japanese parents were the lowest values among parental nationalities during the timespan investigated. Multivariate regression analysis showed that mothers from Korea, China, the Philippines, Brazil, and other countries had a significantly higher risk of macrosomia than those from Japan (risk ratio, 1.91, 2.82, 1.59, 1.74, and 1.64, respectively). Furthermore, fathers from China, the Philippines, Brazil, and other countries had a significantly higher risk of macrosomia than those from Japan (risk ratio, 1.66, 1.38, 1.88, and 3.02, respectively). Conclusions: The rate of macrosomia decreased from 1995 to 2020 in Japan for parents of all nationalities, and the risk of macrosomia incidence was associated with parental nationality.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.325-340
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine that multiple mediating effects of self-determination and self-efficacy in the relationship between the parental control and career maturity. In the study, 747 university students in Daegu, Busan and Seoul area were surveyed on their perceived level of parental control, career maturity, self-determination and self-efficacy. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis with SPSS 25.0 program, Hayes'Process Macro program and bootstrapping. The major results of this study were as follows; First, there were significant differences in college student's career maturity by grade, major, experience in career-related services and part-time job experience period. Second, there were significant correlations between parental control(behavioral control and psychological control), career maturity, self-determination and self-efficacy. Third, self-determination and Self-efficacy had multiple mediating effects in the relationship between parental control and career maturity. In conclusion, this study found multiple mediating effects of self-determination and self-efficacy in the relationship between parental control(behavioral control and psychological control) and career maturity. It was also found that parental behavioral control had a positive effect on career maturity by increasing self-determination and self-efficacy while parental psychological control had a negative effect on career maturity by decreasing self-determination and self-efficacy.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2015

Unlike daily hassles or minor stressors, immigration is an intense life event that may cause excessive stress. In particular, immigrant parents find themselves in a more stressful situation in that they experience stresses caused by immigration and stresses caused by parenting at the same time. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate an Immigrant Parental Stress Inventory (IPSI), that objectively and comprehensively assesses the stress experienced by immigrant parents within the Korean context. Based on the Immigrant Parental Stress Inventory developed within the American context, preliminary items were refined through a literature review and the discussions of experts and immigrant parents and were empirically validated with a sample of 203 immigrant parents residing in Korea. Through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, six main factors were identified (Factor1 Difficulties in communication, Factor2 Financial difficulties, Factor3 Difficulties in social adjustment, Factor4 Social discrimination, Factor5 Lack of social resources, Factor6 Difficulties in parenting). The IPSI was shown to be a psychometrically sound instrument that is capable of measuring immigrant parental stress within the Korean context. Social service professionals and researchers studying or working with immigrant families could use the IPSI to examine immigrant parental stress.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.41-55
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to clarify variables affecting time management practice and the relationship between the practice and academic achievement of middle school students. Questionnaires including a time management scale were used for this study and the survey data were taken from 352 middle school students in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The statistical methods for the analysis were frequency, percentage, average, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation. The variables affecting student time management were gender, their standard of living, parental educational level and parental occupation. Religion and residential area were indicated as variables affecting several subscales of time management but the academic year of student had no effect on student time management behavior. The relationship between time management and the academic achievement of middle school students was slightly positive. Developing programs for time management in the field of family resource management is also necessary.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.699-707
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• 2019

본 연구는 초등학생의 유튜브 이용실태와 동기를 확인하고, 유튜브 이용과 부모양육태도, 자아존중감, 학교생활만족도와의 관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 초등학교 4, 5, 6학년 재학생 238명을 대상으로 유튜브 사용량과 동기, 부모 양육태도, 자아존중감, 학교생활만족도를 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 조사 대상 초등학생의 과반수는 하루에 1시간 이상 유튜브를 이용하고 있으며, 전체의 15.6%는 하루에 3시간 이상 유튜브를 이용한다고 응답해, 초등학생들의 상당 수가 매우 적극적으로 유튜브를 사용하고 있음이 드러났다. 유튜브 이용빈도가 높을수록 부모의 애정, 자아존중감, 학교생활 만족도는 낮은 편이었다. 또 부모의 애정적 양육태도는 초등학생의 유튜브 이용빈도를 부분매개하여 적응에 영향을 미치는 것으로 드러났다. 반면 거부적 양육태도 및 과보호적 양육태도의 경우 유튜브 사용량과 큰 관련성이 없었으며, 매개효과도 발견되지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과는 초등학생의 과도한 유튜브 이용의 구체적인 심리적 악영향을 밝힌 국내 최초의 경험적 연구로, 초등학생의 유튜브 이용에 대한 적절한 가이드라인이 필요함을 시사하였다. 또한 아동의 유튜브 이용에 있어서도 부모의 양육태도가 관여할 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.145-167
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the moderated-moderated mediating effects of children's media content selection and parental restrictive media mediation on the relationship between children's screen media time and executive function difficulties. Methods: A total of 693 parents of children aged 5~6 years participated in this study and were asked to answer all survey questions. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and correlation analysis using SPSS 27.0. Model 11 of PROCESS macro 4.3 was used to examine the moderated-moderated mediation model. Children's gender, age, childcare enrollment status, and household income were included in the analyses as covariates. Results: The moderated-moderated mediating effects of children's media content selection and parental restrictive media mediation were found to be significant. Specifically, bedtime mediated the relationship between screen media time and executive function difficulties only when parents did not appropriately implement restrictive mediation and children freely selected media content. Conclusion/Implications: It is recommended that parents understand the importance of implementing restrictive media mediation and selecting appropriate media contents for their child to prevent executive function difficulties in early childhood. Also, child education or day-care centers should offer education program about appropriate media use to reach more parents.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2021

At a time when children of multicultural families have begun to enter adolescence in Korea, this study examined the effects of parental support and bicultural acceptance on the career attitude maturity of multicultural adolescents. This study tried to derive the implications related to the career path of multicultural adolescents by verifying the effects of self-esteem on the relationship between parental support, bicultural acceptance, and career attitude maturity. Using the 8th Multicultural Adolescent Panel Survey data (MAPS), the relative influence of antecedent variables on career attitude maturity was confirmed by hierarchical regression analysis of the data from 1,197 respondents. Model 1 included gender and parental support, Model 2 added bicultural acceptance to Model 1, and Model 3 added self-esteem to Model 2. As a result of the study, in Model 1, women had higher career attitude maturity than men, and the more supportive their parents were, the more positive the level of career attitude maturity. The adjusted R2 of Model 1 was .058, which did not have much influence. In Model 2, gender, parental support, and bicultural acceptance had statistically significant effects on career attitude maturity, and the amount of change in F was also significant. The adjusted R2 of Model 2 was .132. In Model 3, parental support was not statistically significant, and gender, bicultural acceptance, and self-esteem had statistically significant effects on career attitude maturity. The amount of change in F was statistically significant and the adjusted R2 was .185. That is, it was confirmed that the more the women, the more the bicultural acceptance, and the higher the self-esteem, the more prepared and determined the career path. Based on the research results, the implications related to career preparation of multicultural adolescents were presented.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.429-443
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether internal control, autonomous motivation of middle school students, and perceived parental pressure on academic performance affect academic procrastination, while verifying the moderating roles of autonomous motivation and parental pressure on academic performance. The participants were a total of 371 middle school students. Academic procrastination, internal control, autonomous motivation, and parental pressure on academic performance were measured using the Procrastination Inventory (Aitken, 1982) revised by Jeon and Park (2014), the Internal-External Control Scale (Ko, 2014), the Academic Self-Regulation Questionnaire (Ryan & Connell, 1989) revised by Kim (2002), and the Scale of Kang (2003), respectively. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and a Process Macro Model 2 (multiple additional modulation effect). The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, middle school students' internal control, autonomous motivation, and perceived parental pressure on academic performance directly affected the students's academic procrastination. Second, the moderating role of parental pressure on academic performance was significant. On the other hand, the moderating role of autonomous motivation was not significant. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that in order to reduce and prevent academic procrastination it is important to improve internal control by helping middle school students become confident enough to believe that they have the ability to change their behavior and achieve their aims. At the same time, parents need to be interested in the process rather than only the academic performance of their children and support their autonomy.