References
- Ahn, S. M., Lee, K. Y., & Lee, S. M. (2013). Fathers' parenting participation and time. Journal of the Korean Family Resource Management Association, 17(2), 93-119.
- Aldous, J., Mulligan, G. M., & Bjarnason, T. (1998). Fathering over time: What makes the difference? Journal of Marriage and the Family, 60(4), 809-820. https://doi.org/10.2307/353626
- Argyrous, G., & Rahman, S. (2014). How does paid work affect who does the childcare? An analysis of the time use of Australian couples. Review of Economics of the Household, doi:10.1007/s11150-014-9274-5.
- Berik, G., & Kongar, E. (2013). Time allocation of married mothers and fathers in hard times: The 2007– 09 US recession. Feminist Economics, 19(3), 208-237. https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2013.798425
- Bianchi, S. M., Milkie, M. A., Sayer, L. C., & Robinson, J. P. (2000). Is anyone doing the housework? Trends in the gender division of household labor. Social Forces, 79(1), 191-228. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/79.1.191
- Bittman, M., Craig, L., & Folbre, N. (2004). Packaging care: What happens when parents utilize non-parental child care. In N. Folbre, & N. Bittman (Eds.), Family time: The social organization of care (pp. 133-151). London: Routledge.
- Blau, F. D. (1998). Trends in the well-being of American women, 1970-1995. Journal of Economic Literature, 36(1), 112-165.
- Blinder, A. S. (1973). Wage discrimination: Reduced form and structural estimates. The Journal of Human Resources, 8(4), 436-455. https://doi.org/10.2307/144855
- Bolzendahl, C. I., & Myers, D. J. (2004). Feminist attitudes and support for gender equality: Opinion change in women and men, 1974-1998. Social Forces, 83(2), 759-789. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2005.0005
- Bonke, J., & Esping-Andersen, G. (2011). Family investments in children: Productivities, preferences, and parental child care. European Sociological Review, 27(1), 43-55. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcp054
- Brewster, K. L., & Padavic, I. (2000). Change in gender ideology, 1977-1996: The contribution of intercohort change and population turnover. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(2), 477-487. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00477.x
- Bulanda, R. E. (2004). Paternal involvement with children: The influence of gender ideologies. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66(1), 40-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-2455.2004.00003.x
- Chalasani, S. (2007). The changing relationship between parents' education and their time with children. Electronic International Journal of Time Use Research, 4(1), 93-117. https://doi.org/10.13085/eIJTUR.4.1.93-117
- Chin, M., Lee, J., Lee, S., Son, S., & Sung, M. (2012). Family policy in South Korea: Development, current status, and challenges. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21(1), 53-64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-011-9480-1
- Cho, M.-R. & Yoon, S.-Y. (2014). Changing differences by educational attainment in fathers' family work - Domestic labor and child care -. Korean Journal of Family Social Work, 44(6), 5-30.
- Cho, S.-K. (1998). Economic crisis, women's work and employment politics. Journal of Korean Women's Studies, 14(2), 5-22.
- Coltrane, S. (2000). Research on household labor: Modeling and measuring the social embeddedness of routine family work. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(4), 1208-1233. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.01208.x
- Connelly, R., & Kimmel, J. (2009). Spousal influences on parents' non-market time choices. Review of Economics of the Household, 7, 361-394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-009-9060-y
- Craig, L. (2006a). Parental education, time in work and time with children: An Australian time-diary analysis. British Journal of Sociology, 57(4), 553-575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2006.00125.x
- Craig, L. (2006b). Does father care mean fathers share? A comparison of how mothers and fathers in intact families spend time with children. Gender & Society, 20(2), 259-281. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243205285212
- Craig, L. (2007). How employed mothers in Australia find time for both market work and childcare. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 28(1), 69-87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-006-9047-2
- Craig, L., & Bittman, M. (2008). The incremental time costs of children: An analysis of children's impact on adult time use in Australia. Feminist Economics, 14(2), 59-88. https://doi.org/10.1080/13545700701880999
- Craig, L., Mullan, K., & Blaxland, M. (2010). Parenthood, policy and work-family time in Australia 1992-2006. Work, Employment and Society, 24(1), 27-45. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017009353778
- Crompton, R., Brockmann, M., & Lyonette, C. (2005). Attitudes, women's employment and the domestic division of labor: A cross-national analysis in two-waves. Work, Employment and Society, 19(2), 213-233. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017005053168
- Davis, S. N., & Greenstein, T. N. (2009). Gender ideology: Components, predictors, and consequences. Annual Review of Sociology, 35(1), 87-105. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-070308-115920
- Deding, M., & Lausten, M. (2006). Choosing between his time and her time: Paid and unpaid work of Danish couples. Electronic International Journal of Time Use Research, 3(1), 28-48. https://doi.org/10.13085/eIJTUR.3.1.28-48
- England, P., & Strivastava, A. (2013). Educational differences in US parents' time spent in child care: The role of culture and cross-spouse influence. Social Science Research, 42(4), 971-988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2013.03.003
- Eun, K.-S. (2009). Household division of labor for married men and women in Korea. Korea Journal of Population Studies, 32(3), 145-171.
- Fisher, K., Egerton, M., Gershuny, J., & Robinon, J. (2007). Gender convergence in the American Heritage Time Use Study (AHTUS). Social Indicators Research, 82(1), 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-006-9017-y
- Fuwa, M. (2004). Macro-level gender inequality and the division of household labor in 22 countries. American Sociological Review, 69(6), 751-767. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240406900601
- Gaunt, R. (2006). Biological essentialism, gender ideologies, and role attitudes: What determines parents' involvement in child care. Sex Roles, 55(7), 523-533. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-006-9105-0
- Gauthier, A., Smeeding, T. M., & Furstenberg, F. (2004). Are parents investing less time in children? Trends in selected industrialized countries. Population and Development Review, 30(4), 647-671. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2004.00036.x
- Gimenez-Nadal, J., & Sevilla, A. (2012). Trends in time allocation: A cross-country survey. European Economic Review, 56(6), 1338-1359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2012.02.011
- Hall, S. S. (2005). Change in paternal involvement from 1977 to 1997: A cohort analysis. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 34(2), 127-139. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077727X05280664
- Hallberg, D., & Klevmarken, A. (2003). Time for children: A study of parent's time allocation. Journal of Population Economics, 16(2), 205-226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001480200133
- Hays, S. (1996). The cultural contradictions of motherhood. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Henwood, K., & Procter, J. (2003). The 'good father': Reading men's accounts of paternal involvement during the transition to first-time fatherhood. British Journal of Social Psychology, 42(3), 337-355. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466603322438198
- Heo, S.-Y. (2008). Research on time use for housework of women and men in double income households. Korean Women's Studies, 24(3), 177-210.
- Hofferth, S. L. (2003). Race/ethnic differences in father involvement in two-parent families: Culture, context, or economy? Journal of Family Issues, 24(2), 185-216. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X02250087
- Hook, J. L. (2006). Care in context: Men's unpaid work in 20 countries, 1965-2003. American Sociological Review, 71(4), 639-660. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240607100406
- Hyun, J. E. (2014). The analysis on change of childcare policy and female time allocation. Korean Public Administration Review, 48(1), 207-231.
- Ingram, H., Schneider, A. L., & DeLeon, P. (2007). Social construction and policy design. Theories of the Policy Process, 2, 93-126.
- Jann, B. (2008). The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition for linear regression models. The Stata Journal, 8(4), 453-479.
- Ji, M. W., & Cho, M. S. (2014). Substitutability of spousal housework time in dual-earner households: Evidence from exogenous variation in labor market time. The Journal of Women and Economics, 11(1), 1-31.
- Johnston, D. D., & Swanson, D. H. (2006). Constructing the "good mother": The experience of mothering ideologies by work status. Sex Roles, 54(7), 509-519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-006-9021-3
- Joo, E., Kim, S., & Kim, M. (2014). A study on parental time for preschool child in Korea. Korean Social Security Studies, 30(2), 367-400.
- Kan, M. Y., Sullivan, O., & Gershuny, J. (2011). Gender convergence in domestic work: Discerning the effects of interactional and institutional barriers from large-scale data. Sociology, 45(2), 243-251.
- Kim, S. H. (2015). The change of attitudes to gender role according to type of family policies: Focusing on cash, time and service. Korean Social Policy Review, 22(1), 285-316. https://doi.org/10.17000/kspr.22.1.201503.285
- Kim, S.-H. & Hong, K.-Z. (2014). The combined impact of family policies on fertility and female labor force participation in 21 OECD countries. Social Welfare Policy, 41(2), 213-238.
- Kim, Y. M. (2012). The role of family policy in explaining gender role attitudes: A comparative multi- level analysis of welfare states. Korean Social Security Studies, 28(2), 211-241.
- Kitterod, R. H., & Pettersen, S. V. (2006). Making up for mothers' employed working hours? Housework and childcare among Norwegian fathers. Work, Employment & Society, 20(3), 473-492. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017006066997
- Lareau, A. (2002). Invisible inequality: Social class and childrearing in black families and white families. American Sociological Review, 67(5), 747-776. https://doi.org/10.2307/3088916
- Marsiglio, W. (1991). Paternal engagement activities with minor children. Journal of Marriage and Family, 53(4), 973-986. https://doi.org/10.2307/353001
- Maume, D. J. (2011). Reconsidering the temporal increase in fathers' time with children. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 32(3), 411-423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-010-9227-y
- Nock, S. L., & Kingston, P. W. (1988). Time with children: The impact of couples' work-time commitments. Social Forces, 67(1), 59-85. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/67.1.59
- Noh, H. (2014). Educational homogamy and inequality of caring time. Social Welfare Policy, 41(4), 181-200. https://doi.org/10.15855/swp.2014.41.4.181
- Oaxaca, R. (1973). Male-female wage differentials in urban labor markets. International Economic Review, 14(3), 693-709. https://doi.org/10.2307/2525981
- Offer, S., & Schneider, B. (2011). Revisiting the gender gap in time-use patterns: Multitasking and well-being among mothers and fathers in dual-earner families. American Sociological Review, 76(6), 809-833. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122411425170
- Park, J. S. (2013). Gauging gender equality in terms of household labor division and gender-role perception. Health and Welfare Policy Forum, 199, 28-38.
- Raley, S., Bianchi, S. M., & Wang, W. (2012). When do fathers care? Mothers' economic contribution and fathers' involvement in child care. American Journal of Sociology, 117(5), 1422-1459. https://doi.org/10.1086/663354
- Ryu, Y. (2009) The relationship between work-family balance policies and gender equity in labor market. The Women, 76(1), 5-42.
- Sayer, L. C., Gauthier, A. H., & Furstenburg, F. F. (2004a). Educational differences in parents' time with children: Cross-national variations. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66(5), 1152-1169. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00084.x
- Sayer, L. C., Bianchi, S. M., & Robinson, J. P. (2004b). Are parents investing less in children? Trends in mothers' and fathers' time with children. American Journal of Sociology, 110(1), 1-43. https://doi.org/10.1086/386270
- Sayer, L. C. (2005). Gender, time and ineqaulity: Trends in women's and men's paid work, unpaid work and free time. Social Forces, 84(1), 285-303. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2005.0126
- Schwartz, C. R., & Mare, R. D. (2005). Trends in educational assortative marriage from 1940 to 2003. Demography, 42(4), 621-646. https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.2005.0036
- Shin, Y.-J., Ki, J. R., Woo, S. J., & Yoon, J. (2014). Analysis on childcare behaviors after the expansion of childcare policies. Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs.
- Son, S., & Lee, J. (2014). Intentions of employed mothers with young children to leave the labor force. Journal of Korean Home Management Association, 32(3), 157-177. https://doi.org/10.7466/JKHMA.2014.32.3.157
- Song, D.-Y., & Jung, S.-Y. (2013). Paradigm shift toward comprehensive family policy. Journal of Critical Social Policy, 39, 145-189.
- Song, Y.-J. (2011). Changes in parental time spent with children. Korea Journal of Population Studies, 34(2), 45-64.
- Stickney, L. T., & Konrad, A. M. (2012). Societal institutions and work and family gender-role attitudes. Organization Management Journal, 9(4), 236-246. https://doi.org/10.1080/15416518.2012.738528
- Stier, H., & Lewin-Epstein, N. (2007). Policy effects on the division of housework. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis, 9(4), 235-259. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876980701494657
- Sullivan, O. (2010). Changing differences by educational attainments in fathers' domestic labour and child care. Sociology, 44(4), 716-733. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038510369351
- Sullivan, O., Billari, F. C., & Altintas, E. (2014). Fathers' changing contributions to child care and domestic work in very low-fertility countries: The effect of education. Journal of Family Issues, 35(8), 1048-1065. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X14522241
- Wang, R., & Bianchi, S. M. (2009). ATUS fathers involvement in childcare. Social Indicators Research, 93(1), 141-145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-008-9387-4
- Won, S.-Y. (2014). Changes in gender role stereotypes and their implications for women's policy: Focusing on perceptual differences between 1996 and 2010. Journal of Governmental Studies, 20(3), 141-171. https://doi.org/10.19067/jgs.2014.20.3.141