• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4349-4371
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• 2019

Moldable parallel tasks are widely used in different areas, such as weather forecast, biocomputing, mechanical calculation, and so on. Considering the deadline and the speedup, scheduling moldable parallel tasks becomes a difficulty. Past work majorly focuses on the LA (List Algorithms) or OMA (Optimizing the Middle Algorithms). Different from prior work, our work normalizes execution time and makes all tasks have the same scope in normalized execution time: [0,1], and then according to the normalized execution time, a method is used to search for the reference execution time without considering the deadline of tasks. According to the reference execution time, we get an initial scheduling result based on AFCFS (Adaptive First Comes First Served) policy. Finally, a heuristic approach is used to improve the performance of the initial scheduling result. We call our method HSRET (a Heuristic Scheduling method based on Reference Execution Time). Comparisons to other methods show that HSRET has good performance in AWT (Average Waiting Time), AET (Average Execution Time), and PUT (Percentages of Unfinished Tasks).

• 정보기술과데이타베이스저널
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.59-72
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• 1999

A study on workflow system as an automated business processing system is done recently. However, it did not consider various dependencies between parallel tasks. Therefore, this paper proposes modeling and verification of workflows with various parallel dependencies. For this, firstly, we propose four dependencies to specify various parallel dependencies between tasks. They contain sequential starts, parallel starts, sequential commits, and parallel commits. Secondly, we suggest a method to specify various parallel dependencies on workflow graph. Thirdly, we propose a verification method to detect contradictions on workflow specifications.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 1997년도 추계학술대회발표논문집; 홍익대학교, 서울; 1 Nov. 1997
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• pp.166-169
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• 1997

For parallel processing, the compiler partitions a loaded program into a set of tasks and makes a schedule for the tasks that will minimize parallel processing time for the loaded program. Building an optimal schedule for a given set of partitioned tasks of a program has known to be NP-complete. In this paper we introduce a GA(Genetic Algorithm)-based scheduling method in which a chromosome consists of two parts of a string which decide the number and order of tasks on each processor. An additional computation is used for feasibility constraint in the chromosome. By granularity theory, a partitioned program is categorized into coarse-grain or fine-grain types. There exist good heuristic algorithms for coarse-grain type partitioning. We suggested another GA adaptive to the coarse-grain type partitioning. The infeasibility of chromosome is overcome by the encoding and operators. The number of processors are decided while the GA find the minimum parallel processing time.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1122-1133
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• 2019

본 연구팀에서는 YARN 기반의 하둡 플랫폼에서 대규모의 태스크들로 구성된 Many-Task Computing(MTC) 응용들을 효율적으로 지원할 수 있는 신규 프레임워크로서 MOHA(Mtc On HAdoop)를 연구/개발해왔다. MTC 응용들은 수십만 개에서 수백만 개 이상의 대규모 태스크들로 구성되고 각 응용별로 자원의 사용 패턴이 다를 수 있기 때문에, 전체적인 시스템 성능 향상을 위해 MOHA-TaskExecutor(MTC 응용 태스크를 실행하는 주체)의 Adaptive Parallel Computability 기술 연구를 수행하였다. 이는 한 번에 하나의 태스크를 실행하던 기존의 처리 모델을 고도화하여 하나의 TaskExecutor가 동시에 여러 개의 태스크들을 실행함으로써 YARN Container의 병렬 컴퓨팅 능력을 극대화하기 위함이다. 이를 위해 각각의 TaskExecutor들이 "독립적이고, 동적으로" 동시에 실행시키는 MTC 응용 태스크들을 조정할 수 있도록 하였으며, 최적의 동시 실행 태스크 숫자를 찾기 위해서 Hill-Climbing 알고리즘을 활용하였다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.167-202
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• 2023

A central problem of mathematics teaching worldwide is probably the insufficient adaptive handling of tasks-especially in computational practice phases and modeling tasks. All students in a classroom must often work on the same tasks. In the process, the high-achieving students are often underchallenged, and the low-achieving ones are overchallenged. This publication uses different modeling of the tennis serve as an example to show a possible solution to the problem and develops and discusses one adaptive task each for middle school, high school, and college using three mathematical models of the tennis serve each time. From model to model within the task, the complexity of the modeling increases, the mathematical or physical demands on the students increase, and the new modeling leads to more realistic results. The proposed models offer the possibility to address heterogeneous learning groups by their arrangement in the surface structure of the so-called parallel adaptive task and to stimulate adaptive mathematics teaching on the instructional topic of mathematical modeling. Models A through C are suitable for middle school instruction, models C through E for high school, and models E through G for college. The models are classified in the specific modeling cycle and its extension by a digital tool model, and individual modeling steps are explained. The advantages of the presented models regarding teaching and learning mathematical modeling are elaborated. In addition, we report our first teaching experiences with the developed parallel adaptive tasks.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.15-27
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• 1998

In the parallel processing systems, a compiler partitions a loaded program into tasks, allocates the tasks on multiple processors and schedules the tasks on each allocated processor. In this paper we suggest a Genetic Algorithm(GA) based scheduling method to find an optimal allocation and sequence of tasks on each Processor. The suggested method uses a chromosome which consists of task sequence and binary string that represent the number and order of tasks on each processor respectively. Two correction algorithms are used to maintain precedency constraints of the tasks in the chromosome. This scheduling method determines the optimal number of processors within limited numbers, and then finds the optimal schedule for each processor. A result from computational experiment of the suggested method is given.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 ITC-CSCC -1
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• pp.289-293
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• 2000

We propose two new algorithms for parallelism-independent scheduling. The machine code generated from the compiler using these algorithms in its scheduling phase is parallelism-independent code, executable in minimum time regardless of the number of the processors in the parallel computer. Our new algorithms have the following phases: finding the minimum number of processors on which the program can be executed in minimal time, scheduling by an heuristic algorithm for this predefined number of processors, and serialization of the parallel schedule according to the earliest start time of the tasks. At run time tasks are taken from the serialized schedule and assigned to the processor which allows the earliest start time of the task. The order of the tasks decided at compile time is not changed at run time regardless of the number of the available processors which means there is no out-of-order issue and execution. The scheduling is done predominantly at compile time and dynamic scheduling is minimized and diminished to allocation of the tasks to the processors. We evaluate the proposed algorithms by comparing them in terms of schedule length to the CP/MISF algorithm. For performance evaluation we use both randomly generated DAGs (directed acyclic graphs) and DACs representing real applications. From practical point of view, the algorithms we propose can be successfully used for scheduling programs for in-order superscalar processors and shared memory multiprocessor systems. Superscalar processors with any number of functional units can execute the parallelism-independent code in minimum time without necessity for dynamic scheduling and out-of-order issue hardware. This means that the use of our algorithms will lead to reducing the complexity of the hardware of the processors and the run-time overhead related to the dynamic scheduling.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.39-60
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• 2017

In the Cloud, for the scheduling of parallel jobs, there are many tasks in a job and those tasks are executed concurrently on different VMs (Visual machines), where each task of the job will be executed synchronously. The goal of scheduling is to reduce the execution time and to keep the fairness between jobs to prevent some jobs from waiting more time than others. We propose a Cloud model which has multiple Clouds, and under this model, jobs are in different lists according to the waiting time of the jobs and every job has different parallelism. At the same time, a new method-ZOMT (the scheduling parallel tasks based on ZERO-ONE scheduling with multiple targets) is proposed to solve the problem of scheduling parallel jobs in the Cloud. Simulations of ZOMT, AFCFS (Adapted First Come First Served), LJFS (Largest Job First Served) and Fair are executed to test the performance of those methods. Metrics about the waiting time, and response time are used to test the performance of ZOMT. The simulation results have shown that ZOMT not only reduces waiting time and response time, but also provides fairness to jobs.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.2303-2308
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• 2012

본 논문은 마감시간을 가지는 병렬 태스크들을 스케줄하는 문제를 다룬다. 특히, 가단성 태스크, 다시 말해서, 수행시간이 수행 머신들의 개수의 함수로 주어지는 태스크를 다룬다. 스케줄링 알고리즘의 목표는 마감시간 안에 수행을 끝마친 태스크들의 작업량의 합을 최대화하는 것이다. 이 문제는 NP-hard 문제로 알려져 있다. 따라서, 근사 알고리즘을 찾으려하고, 알고리즘의 성능은 최적 알고리즘 성능과의 비, 다시 말해서, 근사비를 구해서 분석한다. 특히, 본 논문에서는 알고리즘이 최적 알고리즘보다 많은 자원, 즉, 보다 많은 머신들을 가지는 경우에 근사비를 구할 것이다. 이것은 자원추가분석이라고 불린다. 본 논문은 최적 알고리즘보다 1.5배의 머신들을 사용해서 3.67의 근사비를 보장하는 스케줄링 알고리즘을 제안한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.858-867
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 MPSOC(Multiprocessor System-on-Chip) 환경의 소프트웨어적인 측면을 주 연구대상으로 하였고 범용 전문 프로그래머들에게 병렬 애플리케이션 프로그래밍을 위한 패턴언어를 제공한다면 병렬처리의 장점을 호소할 수 있을 것으로 보았다. 특히 자체적인 분류에 따른 Data, Tasks, Data flow 모델을 선별하고 그중 CUDA와 HOPES를 경험한 대상으로 Petri Net을 활용, 그들의 숙련도를 확인하는 과정을 포함한다. 각 영역의 숙련 정도, 서로 다른 모델에 대한 이해도를 실험을 통해 검증하였다. 페트리넷은 병렬프로그래밍의 설명에 용이한 모델로 특히 동시성과 병렬성을 설명하는데 탁월한 모형을 제시 할 수 있었다. 실험대상자들에게 페트리넷에 관한 4시간의 선행학습을 시킨 후 56명에게 실험을 실시하여 독립표본 t-검정을 수행했다. 비록 설정된 두 가지 가설이 지지되지 않았지만, 각 영역에서의 숙련자들이 Tasks 중심 혹은 Data 중심의 모형을 얼마나 상호 이해하는가를 판단 할 수 있었다.